• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2023

In 2022, the Korean Ministry of Environment designated Parthenium hysterophorus as an ecosystem-disturbing plant. The purpose of this study was to present a management plan for P. hysterophorus considering its distribution, morphological, physiological, and ecological characteristics, and to introduce various control techniques. P. hysterophorus is native to Central America and occurs in about 45 countries worldwide. However, in Korea, it only grows in some areas of Tongyeong and Changwon, Gyeongsangnam Province. P. hysterophorus is an annual plant and spreads by seeds, moves between countries in the process of importing and/or exporting agricultural seeds, and spreads by agricultural machinery and vehicles after introduction. P. hysterophorus releases parthenin, an allelochemical that suppresses the occurrence of the surrounding vegetation, from its stems and roots. In addition, P. hysterophorus causes damage to humans and livestock through various allergens. P. hysterophorus can be controlled by physical methods, such as cutting its stems or pulling roots, and by treatment with non-selective herbicides, such as glyphosate. Many biological control research studies have been conducted and, unfortunately, there is no a practical solution so far.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.361-365
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• 2023

On May 12, 2023, a juvenile specimen (37.6 mm in standard length) belonging to the order Aulopiformes was collected from southern Yokjido, Tongyeong, Korea, using a Bongo net. The specimen was identified as the member of the family Scopelarchidae in having a slender body, a large mouth, large tube-like eyes, a long anal fin base, a developed adipose fin and no photophores on body. Finally, we identify the specimen as Scopelarchoides danae Johnson, 1974 in having 8 dorsal fin rays, 20 pectoral fin rays, 9 pelvic fin rays, 26 anal fin rays, dorsal fin located anteriorly than pelvic fin, and two large pigments below the pectoral fin and posterior to the pelvic fin. Scopelarchoides danae is distinguished from Scopelarchoides signifer in having less dorsal fin rays (8 vs. 9~10) and pectoral fin rays (20 vs. 22~25). The species differs from Scopelarchus guentheri and Scopelarchus analis in that it has no stripes along the both upper and lower of lateral line, and from Scopelarchus michaelsarsi in that it has more anal fin rays (26 vs. 18~21). Because this is the first occurrence among Korean fish fauna, we present its detailed morphological traits, and its new Korean name as "Nun-bang-ul-mae-tung-i".

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.273-299
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• 2024

This is a qualitative research study in which three families focused on scientific culture and conducted the process of forming a family fandom using ethnography. The ultimate goal of science education is the "cultivation of scientifically literate persons.", The researcher examines families who regularly participate in informal science educational programs, such as those offered by the National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, to understand the cultural ans sociological significance of these activities as part of their daily routines. This study analyzes and summarizes the experiences of three families in different home environments as to the completion of the family fandom through the process of self-sustaining cultural practice formation through family education activities, and science activities. This study found that the process tword completion is more meaningful than the completion itself, in the context of science, culture, family and fandom. The findings of this study are as follows: 1) The process of forming a family fandom began with the individual purpose of each family member. 2) The process of fandom formation was created in an organic relationship through the interaction between parents and children, and the self-sustaining cultural practice strengthened the bond and expanded the consensus on scientific culture. 3) Parents and children together share scientific culture, and unique culture in the form of sharing in their own cultural life as becoming scientifically literate people. The self-sustaining cultural practice of selecting and enjoying these scientific activities is not simple consumption of popular culture, but the role of parents as cultural designers. This has conducted experiential consumption as "refined (or sophisticated) cultural consumers," and family leisure activities as meaning production of family members so it has social and cultural implications that can be developed into a scientific culture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2024

This study conducts an analysis of social media big data pertaining to island tourism resources, aiming to discern the diverse forms and categories of island tourism favored by consumers, ascertain predominant resources, and facilitate objective decision-making grounded in scientific methodologies. To achieve this objective, an examination of blog posts published on Naver from 2022 to 2023 was undertaken, utilizing keywords such as 'Island tourism', 'Island travel', and 'Island backpacking' as focal points for analysis. Text mining techniques were applied to sift through the data. Among the resources identified, the port emerged as a significant asset, serving as a pivotal conduit linking the island and mainland and holding substantial importance as a focal point and resource for tourist access to the island. Furthermore, an analysis of the disparity between existing island tourism resources and those acknowledged by tourists who actively engage with and appreciate island destinations led to the identification of 186 newly emerging resources. These nascent resources predominantly clustered within five regions: Incheon Metropolitan City, Tongyeong/Geoje City, Jeju Island, Ulleung-gun, and Shinan-gun. A scrutiny of these resources, categorized according to the tourism resource classification system, revealed a notable presence of new resources, chiefly in the domains of 'rural landscape', 'tourist resort/training facility', 'transportation facility', and 'natural resource'. Notably, many of these emerging resources were previously overlooked in official management targets or resource inventories pertaining to existing island tourism resources. Noteworthy examples include ports, beaches, and mountains, which, despite constituting a substantial proportion of the newly identified tourist resources, were not accorded prominence in spatial information datasets. This study holds significance in its ability to unearth novel tourism resources recognized by island tourism consumers through a gap analysis approach that juxtaposes the existing status of island tourism resource data with techniques utilizing social media big data. Furthermore, the methodology delineated in this research offers a valuable framework for domestic local governments to gauge local tourism demand and embark on initiatives for tourism development or regional revitalization.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.429-436
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• 1998

A bacteriological study of sea water and oyster in Charan Bay was conducted to evaluate sanitary conditions of the bay and compliance of waters with the recommended bacteriological criteria for the designated area of shellfish cultivation, The Samples were collected at 23 sampling stations(Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) estaslished once a month from January 1997 to December 1997, During the study period, temperature ranged from 4.7 to $25.6^{\circ}C$, transparency ranged from 3.3 to 6.2m chemical oxygen demand ranged from 1.67 to 2.18 mg/$\ell$, dissolved oxygen demand ranged from 5.4 to 10.0 mg/$\ell$ dissolved nitrogen ranged from 1.65 to 7.88 $\mu$g-at/$\ell$, phosphate ranged from 0.15 to 1.16 $\mu$g-at/$\ell$, Chlorophylla-a ranged from 0.95 to 12.69mg/$\ell$. The coliform group and fecal coliform MPN's of sea water were ranged from <1.8$\~$l,600 and <1.8$\~$540, respectively. The coliform group and fecal coliform MPN's of oysters were ranged from <18$\~$16,000 and <18$\~$1,400, respectively. The viable cell counts in oyster ranged from $1.5\times10^2$ to $7.5\times10^3$. The bacteriological criteria of sea water in shellfish growing area should be less than 70 per 100 ml of sea water for median value of coliform MPN, and below $10\%$ of the samples which contain over than 230 for coliform MPN or over than 43 for fecal coliform MPN. The sea water from 432 samples were complied water coliform criteria recommended for designated shellfish growing area. The coliform group, fecal coliform, classification of coliform group with IMViC reactions and pathogenic vibrios were analyzed. During the study period, infectious bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella sp, and Shigella sp, were not detected from the samples, but detection ratios of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnifirus were $7\~17\%$ in summer months.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

To study the increased resistance in fish against Vibrio vulnificus known as an important agent of vibrio septicemia in human, we analyzed specific and nonspecific immune response in flounder after administration of V. vulnificus bacterins by oral route. It contained the comparison of antibody concentrations in the sera of flounder after oral administration by two different protocols with uncoated heat killed bacterin of V vulnificus (UHKB, 20 mg/kg body weight), i.e., 4 weeks continuously (group 4W) and taking 2 weeks resting period between the 1st and last week of administration (group 1-2-1W). Even though, 1-2-1W group showed significantly increased level of specific antibody in serum, it did not reach to that of 4W group. Certainly, flounder vaccinated twice a week for four weeks (20 mg/kg b.w.) showed increased concentration of specific antibody against V. vulnificus at week 2 after last administration by oral route and maintained throughout the experimental period. It also was confirmed by the increased numbers of specific antibody secreting cells (SASC) in the leukocytes isolated from the splenocytes of the flounder of 4W group at week 1 after last administration until the end of experimental period. However, enteric, acid-resistant film coated heat killed bacterin (ECHB) did not show both greater immune reaction for antibody production and faster elimination of a challenge dose of V. vulnificus compared with those of the UHKB. These results suggested that UHKB administered by oral route was very effective method to prevent the contamination of V vulnificus in flounder, and did not show the increased antigenicity by coating the surface with acid-resistant film.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.209-218
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the occurrence and distribution of ALS inhibiting herbicide-resistant weeds and to estimate the appeared areas of resistant weeds in the paddy fields of Gyeongnam province of Korea in 2017 and 2018 using a soil assay method. Compared with the 2012 survey, this study showed that the infested ratio of ALS inhibiting herbicide-resistant weeds increased from 1.0% to 66.8% and the infested area increased from 876 ha to 49,008 ha. The infested area of ALS inhibiting herbicide-resistant weeds was estimated in Ulsan-si (8.4%), Hapcheon-gun (8.3%), Haman-gun (7.9%), Goseong-gun (7.9%), Hadong-gun (7.3%), Jinju-si (7.2%), Changnyeong-gun (7.0%), Gimhae-si (6.4%), Miryang-si (5.5%), Busan-si (4.9%), Uiryeong-gun (4.6%), Namhae-gun (4.3%), Geochang-gun (4.2%), Changwon-si (3.8%), Geoje-si (2.9%), Yangsan-si (1.8%), Sancheong-gun (0.9%) and Tongyeong-si (0.4%), and the herbicide resistant weeds was not occurred in Hamyang-gun. The most dominant ALS inhibiting herbicide-resistant weeds in paddy fields were Monochoria vaginalis, followed by Echinochloa oryzicola, Lindernia dubia, Scirpus juncoides, Ludwigia prostrata, Cyperus difformis, Sagittaria trifolia and Rotala indica. ALS inhibiting herbicide-resistant M. vaginalis, L. dubia, and E. oryzoides occurred throughout Gyeongnam province, and ALS inhibiting herbicide-resistant S. trifolia and R. indica were only found in Gimhae-si. Therefore, these results will be utilized to estimate population dynamics of ALS inhibiting herbicide-resistant weeds and provide proper management practices in the paddy fields of Gyeongnam province.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.716-724
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• 2015

Trienzyme extraction coupled with microplate assay (Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus) was validated and applied for the determination of folate (vitamin B9) in Korean ancestral rite foods. Foods included five Guk (Tang), eleven Sookchaes, eight Jeoks, nine Jeons, six Jjims, and twenty desserts. Folate was detected in all samples: Guk (Tang) 4.62~18.84, Sookchae 6.13~48.40, Jeok 5.49~49.50, Jeon 6.96~30.77, Jjim 10.34~38.88, and desserts $3.33{\sim}49.55{\mu}g/100g$. The lowest folate content was observed in Sikhye ($3.33{\mu}g/100g$), whereas the highest was observed in Songhwa-dasik ($49.55{\mu}g/100g$). Folate analyses of certified reference materials, BCR-121 (whole meal flour) and BCR-487 (pig liver), showed good recoveries of 90.0% (0.45 mg/kg) and 92.4% (12.3 mg/kg), respectively. The recoveries (96.0 to 106.2%) obtained by analyzing eight spiked samples with different matrices also showed good accuracy. Both repeatability and reproducibility were less than 5%, indicating good precision. The quality control chart (n>30) obtained by running commercial folate fortified-wheat flour once a week for about 10 months showed that all assays were under control. All validation method and analytical quality control results showed that folate contents in Korean ancestral rite foods produced by microplate assay were reliable enough to be used for the construction of a national folate database.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1999

Seasonal variation in lipid classes and fatty acid compositions of total lipid (TL) of 12 species of Korean fish muscle, which caught off Tongyeong coast of the Southern Sea (Nam-Hae) from Mar, 1995 to Feb. 1996, was studied. Triglyceride (TG) and free sterol (ST) were prominent lipid classes of neutral lipid in all fish species. The percent of TG rose with increasing TL content by season, but that of ST fell. The prominent lipid classes of phospholipid were phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), percents of PC and PE were higher in the fish containing lower lipid. The prominent fatty acids in all fish species were 16:0 ($19.5\pm1.99\%$) 22:6 (n-3) ($16.6\pm7.46\%$), 18:1 (n-9) ($15.8\pm8.39\%$), 20:5 (n-3) ($8.46\pm3.70\%$), 16:1 (n-7) ($7.06\pm3.08\%$) and 14:0 ($3.80\pm2.15\%$). With increasing TL content by season, the percent of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as 18:1 (n-9) and 16:1 (n-7) rose, but those of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as 22:6 (n-3) and 20:5 (n-3) fell. There was a negative correlation between the percent of the MUFA and the PUFA of total fatty acids. However, the PUFA content increased as the TL content increased by season. On the other hand, the percent of 16:0 almost unchanged by seasonal variation of lipid content.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2007

This study was conducted to analyze the optimum heading period according to the recent climatic change for improvement of rice yield and grain quality in the Yeongnam area. We analyzed climatic elements including daily mean air temperature, daily range of air temperature, sunshine hours, and amount of precipitation from 1996 to 2005 in comparison with those of the 1971 to 2000 normal. Daily mean air temperature and amount of precipitation in the recent 10 years increased, but daily range of air temperature and sunshine hours decreased in comparison with the norm. Also, monthly mean air temperature was lowered remarkably in July and August. The monthly amount of precipitation largely increased in August and September. The daily range of air temperature and sunshine hours were greatly decreased from August to October, Possible cultivation periods for rice in the recent 10 years ranged from 171 days in Boughwa to 228 days in Busan and was expanded about $1{\sim}13$ days in comparison with the normal. Optimum heading date by local regions for the maximum climatic yield potential was estimated as July 31 at Bonghwa to September 7 at Busan, Masan, and Tongyeong in the recent 10 years. There was a wide difference in optimum heading date according to local legions of the Yeongnam area. Compared to the normal, optimum heading date in the recent 10 years was delayed about I~8 days in most local regions except Bonghwa, Mungyeong, and Yeongdeok. These results suggested that it is necessary to develop late maturity rice cultivars for producing high yield and quality rice grain due to the recent climatic change. Moreover, it is still more important to select the most suitable cultivation period appropriate to the changed climate of each local region in Yeongnam area.