• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.86-89
• /
• 2002

According to Pierrehumbert (1980), two level tones - H and L - are enough in representing intonation of intonational languages. But in Korean, high fall and low fall boundary tones, both of which must be represented as HL％ in intonational phonology as in Jun (1993, 1999), are distinct not only acoustically but also functionally. The same is true in the case of high level and mid level boundary tones, which must be represented as H％ in intonational phonology. In this paper, I conducted two identification tests to provide crucial evidence that H and L are not enough in intonational phonology. The results of the identification tests show that categorical perception occur between high level and low level as well as between high fall and low fall. Based on this fact and the results of the acoustic analyses in Lee (1999, 2000), I strongly propose to adopt one more level tone - M - to represent Korean boundary tones.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2000

Noise can be defined as any undesired or loud sound. The sound level of mobile phone ring tones could be considered as noise if it is too loud on a specific situation. To classify a specific sound level of mobile phone ring tones as noise, it is useful to evaluate the mean opinion scores(MOS) on sound levels under some specific situations. The paper evaluates MOS on various sound levels (in dBA) of mobile phone ring tones, types of ring tone(bell/melody), and gender(male/female), location (street/office).

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.97-112
• /
• 2000

This study examines how both English native speakers and Korean speakers realize the intonational tunes of English sentences when a sentence has two different meanings, through comparison of the utterances of the two groups of speakers. The results indicate that the English native speakers realize the difference in the meanings of given sentences in terms of differences in the boundary tones, as predicted in Pierrehumbert(1980) and Pierrehumbert & Hirschberg(l990), according to whom intonation is composed of a series of pitch accents, phrase tones, and boundary tones, and the meaning of a given sentence is delivered by the composition of the individual meanings of each component. The Korean speakers, however, fail to realize the difference in meaning with its boundary tones. Rather, they realize it by the number or positions of pitch accents and paralinguistic cues such as emotions and gestures. The Korean speakers, unlike the Americans, emphasize subject in sentences.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1998.08a
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 1998

We proposes a new detecting algorithm of DTMF tone for low bit ate vocoder so that we use DTMF tones for signalling inthe digital network. Using DTMF tones for signalling, we could not change the conventional IS-95 protocol and control the mobile phone. We apply the root finding to detection of formants and bandwidth to search whether DTMF tones or voice and moreover to find what's kinds of DTMF tones, for instance 1, 2, 3, ......., #, *, A, B, ...., etc. Consequently, proposed method has a good result which is 0.000944% average error rate. It is satisfied with rcommended error rate in ITU-T($\pm$1.8%).

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.1E
• /
• pp.38-42
• /
• 2000

In this paper we studied the reduced subjective timbre space of time-varying tones as well as steady state tones. 45 modified test tones were constructed from the original violin tone in consideration of 4 physical factors: spectrum envelope, inharmonicity, time-varying spectrum and time reversal. The semantic differential (SD) method was used in the listening test. According to the factor analysis, the adjectives can be factorized into 4 groups. The first factor is characterized by the adjectives, 'free', 'broad', 'deep', 'rich', 'strong' and 'reverberant', the second by 'tenor', 'clear', 'bright', 'light' and 'sharp', the third by 'easy', 'smooth', and 'solid', the fourth by 'warm' and 'full'. The first factor, 'richness', seems to be dependent upon the time-varying characteristic of a tone. The second factor, 'sharpness', is shown to play an important role in a time-varying tone as well as in a steady state tone.

• Architectural research
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2016

Senescent effects are the gradual deterioration of function caused by biological aging. Senescent effects on color vision are not clearly understood even after considerable researches. Part of the reason is that the color vision is a complex phenomenon resulting from various factors such as organic systems, and the physical (neuro-optical) and the psychological (experiential) processes of color perception. We performed a field experiment on color perceptional differences due to aging vision. Our experiment was applied to two different groups in South Korea: an experimental group (46 subjects of over the age of 61 years) and a control group (49 subjects in their twenties). The experimental tools are comprised of (1) six gradual yellowing detector board (40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%); (2) pairs of vivid-strong, vivid-deep, grayish-deep, deep-dull, and bright-light tones of Blue (B) and Purple (P) colors; (3) Red (R), Yellow (Y), Green (G), Blue (B), and Purple (P) colors of dull-tones and pale-tones; and (4) a questionnaire on the semantic differential scales of the color images and color differences. A diagnosis system of gradual yellow vision, developed by the authors for this study, was adapted to generate the color detecting boards. The results are as follows. (1) There are significant differences between the two groups in detecting colors that simulate 40% and 50% of yellow vision. (2) As to the color difference detecting ability between similar tones, the experimental group shows difficulties in pairs of vivid-strong tones and deep-dull tones of the B color. And (3), the emotional responses to the dull tone and the pale tone are not stable in the red, the yellow, blue, and purple. Thus, we empirically demonstrate the specific differences in color perception between the old and young groups.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 2002

It's not easy to produce very high tones during singing for not only untrained ordinary people but also even trained singers. To get high singing tones from the low tones, some trained singers used to use a distinguished singing technique, Passaggio (vocal register transition). The purpose of this study is to compare several voice parameters variation between when to sing with using the passaggio technique and to sing without using it. We selected 18 male singers (tenor 8, baritone 10), who had more than 7 years of experience and were well trained in passaggio technique. Simultaneous measurements of fundamental frequency (F0), mean flow rate (MFR), intensity (I), and subglottal pressure (Psub) were performed using the phonatory function analyzer (Nagashima). For the tenor, target tones /a/ were presented: 1) easy phonation: $B_{2}$, 2) high tone without passaggio: F$#_{3}$ 3) high tone with passaggio: F$#_{3}$. For the baritone, target tones /a/ were presented: 1) easy phonation: G$#_{3}$, 2) high tone without passaggio: D$#_{3}$, 3) high tone with passaggio: D$#_{3}$. F0 of the target tones between non-passaggio group and passaggio group was almost the same in both tenor and baritone groups. Intensity of the non-passaggio and passaggio vocalization was much louder than that of easy phonation and pasaggio was louder than non-passaggio vocalization (especially statistically significant in baritone singers). MFR of the passaggio vocalization was greater than non-passaggio vocalization in both tenor and baritone group, but statistically significant only in baritone. Psub of the passaggio vocalization was greater than that of the non-passaggio vocalization in both tenor and baritone group, but statistically not significant in tenor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.26 no.8
• /
• pp.1165-1176
• /
• 2002

This study intended to provide more refined information on color preferences by systematizing the concept of the color preference(general color preference, apparel color preference) and revealing different trends in the color preference and the actual possession of apparels. We collected data from 303 females in the ages between 20 and 40 in Seoul and analyzed by paired t-test. The results were as follows: 1. The analysis on general color preference, apparel color preference, and apparel possession color revealed that the cold colors such as blue and violet marked higher, and the warm colors such as yellow and orange marked lower in general color preference. For apparel color preference, neutral and brown were among the highest and the rest of the colors were in the same trend as general color preference. Apparel possession color showed defined accordance with apparel color preference. In terms of tones, pale tone marked the highest in general color preference and was followed by vivid, dull, and dark tones in decreasing order. For apparel color preference, pastel, dul1, and dark tones were among the highest. 2. Comparison between general color preference and apparel color preference in terms of hue showed that, except for orange, every hue showed disagreement in general color preference and apparel color preference. Neutral and brown hues marked higher in apparel color preference than in general color preference where as a]1 the other hues marked higher in general color preference. Comparison between apparel color preference and apparel possession color in terms of hue revealed that in most hues, apparel possession color was lower than apparel color preference. In terms of tones, vivid and pale tones marked higher in general color preference than in apparel color preference while dull and dark tones marked higher in apparel color preference than in general color preference.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.193-196
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to find boundary tone's characteristics in Korean emotion speeches. I mainly focus on investigating patterns and f0 values of boundary tones and f0 values in utterance final phrases.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.560-565
• /
• 1996

Intensive studies on Kyongsang Korean tone and tone related processes have been carried out by many scholars. But intonation of this dialect has never been investigated. In this paper, I discuss the relationship between tone and intonation and describe phrasal tones and nuclear tones in Kyongsang Korean.