• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2009

This study sought to determine changes in self-selected diets in response to a high energy tomato pasta entree. Thirty men, mostly African-American, who were diagnosed with prostate cancer and also scheduled for prostatectomy were enrolled in the study. Dietary intakes were obtained by 24 hr diet recall for 3 days before the intervention and 3 days in week 2 during the intervention. Tomato pasta entrees were formulated to contain 30 mg of lycopene with roughly the same macronutrient composition and averaged 771 kcal/entree. Mean adherence to lycopene dose was 82% and, days when the entree was consumed, the mean adherence to lycopen was 90%. Lycopene intake in their self-selected diet decreased from 5 to 1 mg/day which lowered the exposure to lycopene, planned during the intervention. The men were able to decompensate for most of the added energy to their diet, but there was still a mean increase in total intake of 242 kcal/day (p=0.04), which did not result in weight gain over the short period of the study. There were no significant changes in the percent of energy from protein, fat or carbohydrates, but dietary cholesterol increased from 341 to 472 mg/day (p=0.0002). Mean intakes of vitamins A and C, and folate were not significantly different and were above the EAR. Vitamin E intake decreased, but, because of the variance in intake, the decrease was not statistically significant. Possible deterioration of diet quality should be a consideration when recommending whole food interventions for the prevention of chronic disease or the amelioration of physiological dysfunction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.648-657
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• 2014

Silage making has become a significant method of forage conservation worldwide. To determine how tomato pomace (TP) may be used effectively as animal feed, it was ensilaged for 90 days and microbiology counts, fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of tomato pomace silage (TPS) were evaluated at the 30th, 60th, and 90th days, respectively. In addition, 103 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from TPS. Based on the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence and carbohydrate fermentation tests, the isolates were identified as 17 species namely: Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens (0.97%), Lactobacillus pontis (0.97%), Lactobacillus hilgardii (0.97%), Lactobacillus pantheris (0.97%), Lactobacillus amylovorus (1.9%), Lactobacillus panis (1.9%), Lactobacillus vaginalis (1.9%), Lactobacillus rapi (1.9%), Lactobacillus buchneri (2.9%), Lactobacillus parafarraginis (2.9%), Lactobacillus helveticus (3.9%), Lactobacillus camelliae (3.9%), Lactobacillus fermentum (5.8%), Lactobacillus manihotivorans (6.8%), Lactobacillus plantarum (10.7%), Lactobacillus harbinensis (16.5%) and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (35.0%). This study has shown that TP can be well preserved for 90 days by ensilaging and that TPS is not only rich in essential nutrients, but that physiological and biochemical properties of the isolates could provide a platform for future design of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants aimed at improving the fermentation quality of silage.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.704-711
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• 2016

Tomatoes are considered as one of the main components of daily meals in most households. Thus, it is important to invest in studies enhancing their yield and nutritional value. The study evaluated the effect of wood vinegar (WV) on tomato under greenhouse conditions. Data on fruit number, fruit weight, and plant height were recorded. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of tomato were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, respectively. FRR-CF+500x-WV significantly increased the fruit number (86.11%) and fruit weight (81.78%) over the control. Results were comparable to HRR-CF+250x-WV, indicating that conventional fertilizer and WV may have synergistic effect on each other. TPC and scavenging effect on DPPH radical was improved by 250x-WV application. The increase in the phenolic compounds can be attributed to WV as a direct source or as a factor triggering the plants to produce more secondary metabolites with the purpose of increasing natural defenses. The significant effect obtained by applying the full recommended rate of conventional fertilizer on the carotenoid content was due to the availability of the major nutrients needed by the plant. Correlation analysis showed that carotenoids have negative correlation with TPC and DPPH. However, TPC and DPPH showed that these are positively correlated with each other. Tomatoes are excellent source of antioxidants associated with the reduction of some human diseases and improved health. The results provided evidence that WV alone and/or its combination with conventional fertilizers has favorable effects on the quality of tomato.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2016

This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of oven-dried tomato powder (OTP) as affected by drying temperature and the effect of OTP on the product quality of pork patties. Three OTP products were obtained by drying of fresh tomato at 60, 80 and 100℃ oven until constant weight was obtained. Total phenolic content of three kinds of OTPs ranged from 1.95 to 5.94 g/100 g. The highest amount of total phenolic compound was observed in OTP dried at 100℃. Antioxidant activity of three kinds of OTPs was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging activity, iron chelating ability, reducing power and measurement of lipid peroxide in linoleic acid emulsion system. In all parameters, OTP at 100℃ showed the higher antioxidant activity than other temperatures (p<0.05). Based on the model study, the physicochemical properties, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of pork patties containing 1% OTP were measured. Redness of pork patties were increased with the addition of OTPs (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values of raw pork patties containing OTPs were lower than those of control (CTL) until 7 d of storage, regardless of drying temperatures (p<0.05). Peroxide values of pork patties made with OTP (1%) were lower than those of CTL until the end of storage time (p<0.05). However, no antimicrobial activities were observed among the treatments (p>0.05). Therefore, OTPs could be used as a natural antioxidant in meat products.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1993

The purpose of this research was to develop ideal substrates for the production of good quality tomatoes in bag culture system and also to improve media with low or no environmental pollution by blending and mixing artificial substrate including peatmoss, perlite, vermiculite, granular rockwool, polyphenol resin foam, bark, and smoked rice hull. The highly efficient media proved by experiments were vermiculite, smoked rice hull, polyphenol resin foam, granular rockwool, and perlite, which showed good results in the early growth as well as the marketable yield of tomato in the bag culture. Tomato plants grown in the media mixed with peatmoss, vermiculite and granular rockwool at the ratio of 3 : 1 : 1(by volume) showed the highest marketable yield, and the next at the ratio of 2 : 1 : 1. The perlite-granular rockwool mixtures at the ratio of 2 : 3 and 1 : 4, and the peatmoss vermiculite mixtures at the ratio of 2 : 3 and 3 : 2, seemed to be promising media for bag culture.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.77-90
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• 2023

Today, crops face many characteristics/diseases. Insect damage is one of the main characteristics/diseases. Insecticides are not always effective because they can be toxic to some birds. It will also disrupt the natural food chain for animals. A common practice of plant scientists is to visually assess plant damage (leaves, stems) due to disease based on the percentage of disease. Plants suffer from various diseases at any stage of their development. For farmers and agricultural professionals, disease management is a critical issue that requires immediate attention. It requires urgent diagnosis and preventive measures to maintain quality and minimize losses. Many researchers have provided plant disease detection techniques to support rapid disease diagnosis. In this review paper, we mainly focus on artificial intelligence (AI) technology, image processing technology (IP), deep learning technology (DL), vector machine (SVM) technology, the network Convergent neuronal (CNN) content Detailed description of the identification of different types of diseases in tomato and potato plants based on image retrieval technology (CBIR). It also includes the various types of diseases that typically exist in tomato and potato. Content-based Image Retrieval (CBIR) technologies should be used as a supplementary tool to enhance search accuracy by encouraging you to access collections of extra knowledge so that it can be useful. CBIR systems mainly use colour, form, and texture as core features, such that they work on the first level of the lowest level. This is the most sophisticated methods used to diagnose diseases of tomato plants.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.285-293
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• 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of height suppression of cucumber and tomato plug seedlings as affected by mechanical stimulus using brushing as environment-friendly method. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. 'Joeunbaekdadagi') and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Mini Chal') seeds were sown in 40-cell plug trays ($54{\times}27.5{\times}5cm$) filled with growing medium on Oct. 9, 2017. The cultivation environment in a venlo-type glasshouse was maintained as cultivation temperature range of $15-25^{\circ}C$ and the relative humidity of $50{\pm}10%$. Nontreatment and diniconazole ($7.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) application at 15 days after sowing were used as the control. In addition, brushing treatments in cucumber and tomato were applied interval of 2, 4 or 6 hrs for 15 and 20 days, respectively. Plant height, hypocotyl length, and internode length were inhibited for cucumber and tomato in the diniconazole treatment than in the control. The leaf size was reduced, both cucumber and tomato, while the SPAD increased under the diniconazole treatment. However, stem diameter of cucumber was the thickest in the 2 hrs brushing interval treatment. Fresh weights of shoot and root were the significantly lowest in the diniconazole treatment. Application of brushing improved seedlings quality by promoting dry weights of shoot and root, and compactness of tomato seedlings. The chlorophyll fluorescence of tomato seedlings drastically decreased with 2 hrs treatment, indicating that mechanical stress by brushing treatment. The relative growth rate of tomato seedlings was significantly lower in the diniconazole treatment, but cucumber seedlings were not significantly different in all treatments. As a results, height suppression of cucumber and tomato seedlings was best achievement in the diniconazole treatment by the chemical as growth regulator. In an environment-friendly point of view, however, it is considered that 2 hrs brushing interval treatment can be the applicability for replacing the chemical methods in plug seedling growth of cucumber and tomato.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.92-98
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• 1985

The experiments were conducted to investigate the activity changes of peroxidase, existence of isoenzyme and the changes of reserved substances in tomato under subatmospheric pressure storage condition. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Soluble fraction showed the highest peroxidase activity and followed by cell wall fraction, mitochondria fraction and ribosome fraction in that order. 2. Peroxidase activity was decreased during the ripening and senescence period in tomato. Especially, peroxidase activity in tomato was higher at a room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) than at a low temperature ($15^{\circ}C$). The decreasing inclination was similar in both treatment. The peroxidase activity was higher in 380 Torr, than in 570 Torr. 3. At least, two isoperoxidases(Soluble or solubilized) were identified from different extraction procedures. Three of four isoenzymes were recognized from a vertical slab of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 4. The changes of components in tomato under SAP were generally affected by temperature and pressure. Especially, quality of tomato stored at a low temperature ($15^{\circ}C$) and SAP (380 Torr.) was best during storage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.381-390
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the growth characteristics of seedlings of several major fruit vegetables and compare them between plants grown with the conventional plug seedling system (Plug) and those grown with the cylindrical paper pot system (CPP). There were no significant differences in shoot growth characteristics, such as plant height, leaf area, dry weight, and fresh weight, between tomato, cucumber, and watermelon plants grown with the CPP and Plug systems. The total root lengths of tomato and cucumber plants grown with Plug were longer than those grown with CPP at the beginning of seedling growth, and the total root lengths of watermelon grown with Plug were longer than those grown with CPP throughout the whole seedling period. The length of root that separated five steps according to the diameter of the root of tomato did not differ between CPP and Plug, but those of cucumber and watermelon were 20-251% longer with Plug than with CPP for all kinds of roots. The fresh weight of Plug-grown tomato roots was about 30% heavier than that of CPP-grown tomato during the seedling period, but the difference decreased as growth progressed. Finally, there was no difference between plants before and after transplanting. The fresh weights of the Plug-grown plants were about 20-30% heavier than those of CPP-grown ones in terms of the whole seedling. After transplanting to the Wagner pot, the shoot growth of Plug-grown watermelon plants in terms of dry weight was low until 7 days had passed. However, this tendency was reversed from 8 days after transplantation onward. In conclusion, there were no significance differences in the growth of shoots between plants grown with the CPP and Plug systems. However, root development was better with Plug than with CPP.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2010

This study was conducted to compare the quality characters of 15 different tomato cultivars ('Dotearang Dia', 'Super Dotearang', 'Super sunroad', 'Hoyong', 'Mirokku', 'Baccuhs', 'Mascara', 'Poseidon', 'Radido', 'Madison', 'Rapsodie', 'Solomon', 'Amaral', 'Picasso', 'Tymaxx') and find out the correlation among the quality characters in order to get basic informations for exporting tomato. The $a^*/b^*$ value of fruit surface showed from 2.8 to 4.8, but there was no significant difference in fruit surface color value, such as $a^*$, $b^*$ and $a^*/b^*$ among the cultivars. The respiration and ethylene production rate also were not shown any significantly difference among cultivars. The firmness of fruit was higher in 'Picasso', 'Tymaxx' and 'Madison' cultivars. The contents of soluble solids was higher in 'Hoyong' and 'Dotearang Dia' cultivars. The vitamin C content was higher in 'Super Sunroad' and 'Dotearang Dia' cultivars. The titratable acidity was higher in 'Hoyong' cultivars. The sugar/acid ratio that depended on soluble contents was lower in 'Amaral', 'Picasso', 'Tymaxx' cultivars that showed lower soluble contents. Conclusionally, The firmness that was one of the most important quality character in exporting tomato was higher in European cultivars, but soluble solide and vitamin C content were higher in Japanese cultivars. The significant correlation coefficient values were determined (more than p = 0.05) between $a^*/b^*$ and other quality characters. The results suggested that surface color was the most suitable character represented tomato qualities. The high coefficient value (r = 0801) between $a^*/b^*$ and the contents of soluble solids. The firmness and the contents of soluble solids that is the most important factor for exporting showed significant negative correlation (r = -0.611).