• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2011

This study was to determine the microbiological safety and tensile strength of gammairradiated porcine tendon for the development of safe xenografts. Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were used as model pathogens and inoculated as $10^6{\sim}10^7log$ colonies forming unit $(CFU)g^{-1}$. As model virus from porcine, porcine parvovirus (PPV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and poliovirus were inoculated as $10^5{\sim}10^6$ tissue culture infectious dose $(TCID)_{50}g^{-1}$ into porcine skin. The $D_{10}$ value of E. coli and B. subtilis was measured as $0.32{\pm}0.082kGy$ and $4.0{\pm}0.312kGy$, respectively. Additionally, the $D_{10}$ values of PPV, BVDV and poliovirus were also shown as $1.75{\pm}0.131kGy$, $3.70{\pm}0.212kGy$ and $6.26{\pm}0.332kGy$, respectively. Gamma irradiation decreased the tensile strength of porcine tendon. Results indicate that microbiological safety of porcine tendon can be improved significantly by gamma irradiation. However, further studies are needed to improve the tensile strength of gamma-irradiated porcine tendon.

• Gut and Liver
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.664-673
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Regulatory dendritic cells (rDCs), which can be induced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), play an important role in inducing and maintaining homeostasis of regulatory T cells and exhibit anti-inflammatory functions. In this study, we investigated whether MSCs could differentiate DCs into rDCs and compared the therapeutic effects of rDCs and MSCs on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chronic colitis mice. Methods: Immature DCs (imDCs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mature DCs (mDCs) were co-cultured with MSCs for 48 hours, and then the profiles of surface markers and cytokines and regulatory roles of these DCs for primary splenocytes were analyzed. In addition, the therapeutic effects of MSCs and DCs co-cultured with MSCs were compared in chronic colitis mice. Results: After co-culture of imDCs (MSC-DCs) or LPS-treated mDCs (LPS+MSC-DCs) with MSCs, the expression of CD11c, CD80, CD86, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), was decreased, but that of CD11b, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$) was increased. Furthermore, MSC-DCs and LPS+MSC-DCs induced the expression of CD4, CD25, and Foxp3 in primary splenocytes isolated from mice. In DSS-induced colitis mice, MSCs and MSC-DCs increased colon length, body weight, and survival rate and induced histological improvement. Moreover, in the colon tissues, the expression of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\gamma}$ decreased, but that of IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$, and Foxp3 increased in the MSC- and MSC-DC-injected groups. Conclusions: Our data suggest that MSCs differentiate DCs into rDCs, which ameliorate chronic colitis. Thus, rDCs stimulated by MSCs may be therapeutically useful for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2008

This experiments were carried out to find out the effects of different explant materials, kinds and concentration of plant growth regulators, and total nitrogen and sucrose contents on the in vitro regeneration of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai. The effects of growth regulators on regeneration from 3 explant sources (leaf, internode and node) were more or less same. Leaf explants produced only callus with 2ip (Isopentenyladenine) and NAA (Naphthaleneacetic acid) treatment and other regulators had no effects. Test with internode explants yielded about same results but callus was obtained with 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Node explants resulted in shoot regeneration by all regulator treatment except NAA and 2,4-D, but control also showed similar results. Callus formation from internode and node explants was vigorous by 2ip, zeatin, and 2,4-D treatments and high NAA concentration resulted in higher callus formation. In this experiment, various mixed treatment of growth regulators were also employed, using node as explant material. Shoot regeneration was obtained with BA (Benzyl adenine) + NAA treatments but the results were comparable with control. Generally shoot and root regeneration was poor with all combined treatment except 2ip + NAA and 2,4-D + NAA. However, callus was formed readily with all treatments. In this experiment, combined treatments of regulators were applied on the callus derived from singular regulator treatment. The results showed no shoot and root regeneration with any combination of 2,4-D, IAA (Indoleacetic acid) and NAA, but soft milky white callus was formed in all the treatments. No shoot and root regeneration was observed with any combination of 2iP, NAA and IAA, but somewhat hard, light green callus was formed in all the treatments. Callus formation decreased with high kinetin concentration in case of kinetin + NAA treatment. The experiments with total nitrogen content of media showed that low concentrations of 15 and 30mM were effective for the shoot and root regeneration. Sucrose experiment demonstrated shoot regeneration with 1${\sim}$4% concentration, and root and callus formation with 2${\sim}$4%. No root and callus formation was observed with 0 and 1% sucrose.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2010

Rice is a staple food for more than 50% of the world's population. Embryo comprises only 2 to 3% of the weight distribution of the entire pericarp but has higher concentration of vitamins, proteins, and essential fatty acids than the other parts of grains. Moreover, ${\alpha}$-tocoperol, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol, phytic acid and ${\gamma}$-aminobutric acid that have nutraceutical value are abundant. Increasing the volume of embryo assures the fortification of nutritional value of rice grain. We developed new black waxy giant embryo rice, Milyang 263 by crossing Josaengheugchal, a black waxy rice variety, and $ge^t$, a giant embryo mutant generated by tissue culture. The nutrient contents and physical properties of Milyang 263 were compared with several giant embryo mutants and normal embryo rice varieties. Changes in the nutrient properties after germination were also observed. Results indicated that this new black waxy giant embryo rice, Milyang 263, offers a promising source for improving nutritional quality of rice especially anthocyanin, essential minerals, and GABA.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2019

Background: Interspecific ginseng hybrid, Panax ginseng ${\times}$ Panax quenquifolius (Pgq) has vigorous growth and produces larger roots than its parents. However, F1 progenies are complete male sterile. Plant tissue culture technology can circumvent the issue and propagate the hybrid. Methods: Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/L) of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was used for callus induction and somatic embryogenesis (SE). The embryos, after culturing on $GA_3$ supplemented medium, were transferred to hormone free 1/2 Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium. The developed taproots with dormant buds were treated with $GA_3$ to break the bud dormancy, and transferred to soil. Hybrid Pgq plants were verified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analyses and by LC-IT-TOF-MS. Results: We conducted a comparative study of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Pgq and its parents, and attempted to establish the soil transfer of in vitro propagated Pgq tap roots. The Pgq explants showed higher rate of embryogenesis (~56% at 2 mg/L 2,4-D concentration) as well as higher number of embryos per explants (~7 at the same 2,4-D concentration) compared to its either parents. The germinated embryos, after culturing on $GA_3$ supplemented medium, were transferred to hormone free 1/2 SH medium to support the continued growth and kept until nutrient depletion induced senescence (NuDIS) of leaf defoliation occurred (4 months). By that time, thickened tap roots with well-developed lateral roots and dormant buds were obtained. All Pgq tap roots pretreated with 20 mg/L $GA_3$ for at least a week produced new shoots after soil transfer. We selected the discriminatory RAPD and ISSR markers to find the interspecific ginseng hybrid among its parents. The $F_1$ hybrid (Pgq) contained species specific 2 ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rf in P. ginseng and pseudoginsenosides $F_{11}$ in P. quinquefolius), and higher amount of other ginsenosides than its parents. Conclusion: Micropropagation of interspecific hybrid ginseng can give an opportunity for continuous production of plants.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2008

1980년대 이후 전 세계적으로 발굴지에서 출토되는 인골 분석에 대한 고고학적 중요성이 증가하면서 인골의 자연과학적 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 국내에서도 출토 인골의 고고유전학 연구가 점차 활성화 되어감에 따라 고대 DNA 연구를 위한 주요 방법 및 기술적 지식의 축적이 이루어지고 있다. 인골의 보존 상태는 매장환경과 밀접하게 연관되어 있는데 국내에서 출토되는 인골, 동물 뼈 등과 같은 생물유체의 보존 상태가 좋지 못한 주요 원인은 우리나라의 토성(土性) 및 기후적인 특성 때문이다. 그러나 조선시대 회곽묘(灰槨墓)에서는 대체로 보존 상태가 좋은 인골이 출토되고 있는데, 이는 회곽의 구조적 화학적 특성에서 기인된 것이다. 이것은 묘제(墓制)와 장법(葬法)이 피장자(埋葬者)의 매장 환경을 조절함으로써 인골이 잘 보존 될 수 있음을 보여주는 좋은 사례이다. 인골의 미생물에 의한 오염, 물리 화학적 손상 등 다양한 원인은 고대 DNA 분석에 많은 영향을 미치기 때문에 이를 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 DNA 분석법이 요구된다. 특히, 고대 DNA가 사람 DNA에 의하여 오염되지 않았음을 증명하기 위한 실험 절차가 체계적으로 검증되어야만 연구결과의 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있다. 우리나라 고대 인류의 이동과 그들의 문화를 이해하기 위하여 고대 DNA 분석과 더불어 안정동위원소를 이용한 인골의 골화학 분석 등 인골에 대한 자연과학적 분석이 종합적으로 병행되어야 한다. 더불어 출토 인골의 고고유전학 연구는 형질인류학, 고고학과 같은 인문사회학적 연구와 동시에 수행될 때 가장 좋은 양질의 결과를 얻을 수 있으며 이러한 학제 간 연구는 더욱더 활성화 되어야 한다. 본고는 출토 인골 연구의 학문적 가치와 종합연구의 필요성을 자연과학적 연구의 입장에서 강조하였다. 또한 출토 인골의 DNA 연구 방법과 그 결과를 예로 소개함으로써 고고유전학 연구에 대한 이해를 돕고자 하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 경찰관들이 조직 내에서 경험하는 컴페션과 미덕이 긍정적 감정에 미치는 영향을 검증하고 둘째, 긍정적 감정이 종속변수인 조직 동일시에 미치는 영향을 실증하는 것이다. 셋째, 컴페션과 조직 동일시, 미덕과 조직 동일시 사이의 관계에서 긍정적 감정의 매개효과를 검증하고 넷째, 긍정적 감정과 조직 동일시 사이의 관계에서 집단적 자긍심의 조절효과를 실증하고자 한다. 본 연구의 표본추출은 전국 지방경찰청 소속 경찰관서에 근무하는 남 녀 경찰관 353명을 대상으로 설문조사 한 후 가설검증에 이들 표본을 사용하였다. 연구결과 경찰관이 경험한 컴페션과 미덕이 긍정적 감정에 긍정적 효과를 미치는 것이 검증되었고, 긍정적 감정이 조직 동일시 현상에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것이 확인되었다. 그리고 컴페션과 미덕, 조직동일시 사이의 관계에서 긍정적 감정이 완전 매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 긍정적 감정과 조직동일시와의 관계에서 집단적 자긍심이 조절 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 이론적 시사점은 엄격한 위계관계가 유지되고 직무스트레스가 높은 경찰 조직에 컴페션과 미덕적 행위를 확산시켜 긍정적인 조직문화를 조성시키는데 기여하게 될 것이다.

• 환경생물
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2021

국내외에서 80여 종이 넘는 담수 및 해산어류를 감염시켜 대량폐사를 발생시키는 바이러스성 출혈성 패혈증 바이러스(VHSV) 진단검사를 위해 넙치의 여러 조직의 바이러스 발현량에 대한 정량적 데이터를 시간순서에 따라 분석하였다. 무작위 선별된 넙치에 3.0E+07 TCID₅₀ per 0.1mL per fish의 VHSV를 복강 주사하여 시간순서(0시간, 6시간, 12시간, 1일, 2일, 3일, 5일, 7일)에 따라 조직(아가미, 간, 신장, 비장, 근육)을 채취하였다. Real-time PCR 법을 통해 상대 정량한 결과 5일차 아가미, 간, 신장, 비장에서 바이러스의 발현량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 이번 연구를 통해 감염 초기단계에서 비장이 VHSV 확정진단을 위한 적정조직임을 입증하였으며, 국내 법정전염병 진단에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1376-1385
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• 2021

Foot-and-mouth disease, one of the most contagious diseases in cloven-hoofed animals, causes significant economic losses. The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection is known to differ with age of the animals. In this study, we aimed to reveal the difference in immunological response in the initial stage of FMDV infection between piglets and adult pigs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 3 piglets (8 weeks old) and 3 pigs (35 weeks old) that were not vaccinated against FMDV. O-type FMDV (2 × 10² median tissue culture infectious dose) was inoculated into porcine PBMCs and the cells were incubated at 37.0℃ under 5% CO₂ for various time periods (0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). The total RNA was obtained from the FMDV-inoculated PBMCs after each time point, and the virus titer was investigated in these RNA samples. Furthermore, dynamics of mRNA expression of the six tested cytokines (interferon [IFN]-α, IFN-γ, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in FMDV-inoculated porcine PBMCs were evaluated by time-series analysis to determine the differences, if any, based on the age of the pigs. The PBMCs of piglets contained the highest quantity of FMDV mRNA at 6 hours post-inoculation (hpi), and the PBMCs of pigs had the highest quantity of FMDV mRNA at 3 hpi. The mean cycle threshold-value in the PBMCs steadily decreased after the peak time point in the piglets and pigs (6 and 3 hpi, respectively). The dynamics of mRNA expression of all cytokines except TNF-α showed age-dependent differences in FMDV-inoculated PBMCs. The mRNA expression of most cytokines was more pronounced in the piglets than in the pigs, implying that the immune response against FMDV showed an age-dependent difference in pigs. In conclusion, within 48 hpi, the 8-week-old piglets responded more rapidly and were more sensitive to FMDV infection than the 35-week-old pigs, which could be associated with the difference in the pathogenesis of FMDV infection among the pigs. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the age-dependent differences in immune response in pigs against FMDV infection.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.64.1-64.14
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• 2020

Background: Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection results in high morbidity and mortality in dogs. There has been no report about Isolation of Korean CDV since 1980 in Korea. Objectives: To investigate the biological properties and the genetic characterization of Korean CDV. Methods: Vero cells expressing dog signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (dSLAM) gene named as Vero/dSLAM were used to isolate CDV using 17 samples. Diagnostic methods such as cytopathic effects, immunofluorescence assay, peroxidase linked assay, electron microscopy, rapid immunodiagnostic assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to confirm the Korean CDV isolate as a CDV. The genetic analysis was performed through cloning and sequencing of hemagglutinin gene of CDV isolate. Results: A virus propagated in Vero/dSLAM cell was confirmed as CDV (CD1901 strain) based on the above methods. The CD1901 strain showed the highest viral titer (10^5.5 50% tissue culture infectious dose [TCID₅₀]/mL) in the Vero/dSLAM cells at 4 days post inoculation, but did not form a fork on chorioallantoic membrane of 7-day-old egg. Ribavirin, a nucleotide analogue anti-viral agent, inhibits moderately the Korean CDV propagation in the Vero/dSLAM cells. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the H gene of CD1901 strain were compared with those of other CDV strains. The CD1901 strain belonged to Asia 1 group and had the highest similarity (99.9%) with the BA134 strain, which was isolated in China in 2008. Conclusions: We constructed successfully Vero/dSLAM and isolated one Korean CDV isolate (CD1901 strain) from a naturally infected dog. The CD1901 strain belonged to Asia 1 genotype.