• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.307-314
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• 1996

The rate of evolution of ethylent by tomato plants was rapidly increased by ozone fumigation. In the present study, the mechanism of ethylent evolution by ozone was investigated in experiments with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and tiron, which inhibit the formation of ethylene and peroxidation of lipids, respectively. Pretreatment with AVG significantly inhibited the ozone-induced ethylent evolution, but the treatment of plants with tiron did not inhibit. These results indicate that the induction of the evolution of ethylene by ozone involves the pathway via aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), while not released as a result of the peroxidation of lipids. Ozone-induced ethylent evolution was greater in dar- than light-incubated, intact tomato plants. The difference between dark- and light-ethylene evolution was examined with diuron, an inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport. The inhibitor treatment promoted ethylent evolution. These results suggest that ethylent retention and metabolism in plants were regulated by internal $CO_2$ levels which, in turn, were controlled in large part by photosynthesis. Thus, ethylene was retained in illuminated leaf tissue under low intenal $CO_2$ concentration which may develop in a sealed container without exogenously supplied $CO_2$.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.560-567
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• 2008

The importance of lipids in cell signaling and tissue physiology is demonstrated by the many CNS pathologies involving deregulated lipid metabolism. One such critical metabolic event is the activation of phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$), which results in the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids and the release of free fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, a precursor for essential cell-signaling eicosanoids. Reactive oxygen species (ROS, a product of arachidonic acid metabolism) react with cellular lipids to generate lipid peroxides, which are degraded to reactive aldehydes (oxidized phospholipid, 4-hydroxynonenal, and acrolein) that bind covalently to proteins, thereby altering their function and inducing cellular damage. Dissecting the contribution of $PLA_2$ to lipid peroxidation in CNS injury and disorders is a challenging proposition due to the multiple forms of $PLA_2$, the diverse sources of ROS, and the lack of specific $PLA_2$ inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the role of $PLA_2$ in CNS pathologies, including stroke, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple sclerosis-Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and Wallerian degeneration.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2022

Oleanolic acid (OA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been reported to exert protective effects against several neurological diseases through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of OA against acute and chronic brain injuries after ischemic stroke using a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO, MCAO/reperfusion). OA administration immediately after reperfusion significantly attenuated acute brain injuries including brain infarction, functional neurological deficits, and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, delayed administration of OA (at 3 h after reperfusion) attenuated brain infarction and improved functional neurological deficits during the acute phase. Such neuroprotective effects were associated with attenuation of microglial activation and lipid peroxidation in the injured brain after the tMCAO challenge. OA also attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in activated microglia during the acute phase. In addition, daily administration of OA for 7 days starting from either immediately after reperfusion or 1 day after reperfusion significantly improved functional neurological deficits and attenuated brain tissue loss up to 21 days after the tMCAO challenge; these findings supported therapeutic effects of OA against ischemic stroke-induced chronic brain injury. Together, these findings showed that OA exerted neuroprotective effects against both acute and chronic brain injuries after tMCAO challenge, suggesting that OA is a potential therapeutic agent to treat ischemic stroke.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the lipid and the antioxidant regulatory potential of a multigrain diet in laboratory animals with reference to lipid profiles, tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status. Methods: Two types of diets, with or without addition of cholesterol, were used in the study - a commercial diet and a formulated multigrain diet (with Sorghum vulgare, Avena sativa, Pennisetum typhoideum, Oryza sativa, Eleusine coracana and Zea mays grains). After a 10-week period of feeding the diets to albino rats the plasma, liver and fecal lipid profiles and the hepatic and renal antioxidant status of the animals that were fed the commercial and the formulated diets (with and without cholesterol addition) were assessed. Results: The commercial diet supplemented with cholesterol elevated the levels of plasma total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), as well as the atherogenic index (AI). The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content and the antioxidant profiles (total ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase reduced glutathione) declined along with increases in lipid peroxidation. The formulated diet (with and without addition of cholesterol) was found to be more efficient than the commercial diet in controlling plasma, hepatic and fecal lipid profiles, as well as hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status, than of the hypercholesteremic animals. Conclusion: The multigrain diet used in the present study is effective in countering the hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress caused by high cholesterol intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.990-996
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Forsythia viridissima Lindl. (FVL) on antioxidative defense system and lipid peroxidation of liver in rats fed high-cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10 g were randomly assigned into five experimental groups fed 0.5％ cholesterol ; HC group which was not supplemented FVL extract, 0.05％ methanol extract diet group (MSI group), 0.1％ methanol extract diet group (MS2 group), 0.025％ ethylacetate-souble fraction diet group (ES1 group) and 0.05％ ethylacetate-souble fraction diet group (ES2 group). Experimental diets were fed ad libitum to the rats for 3 weeks. The hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in the MS2 group was decreased to 20％ as compared to HC group. The activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were not significantly different among all the high cholesterol diet groups. The hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity in MS2, ES2 groups were significantly increased as compared to HC group. The hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the MS2 group was increased to 20％ as compared to HC group. The levels of hepatic TBARS in the MS1, MS2, ES1 and ES2 groups were reduced by 13％, 21％, 13％ and 21％, respectively, as compared with HC group. The contents of lipofuscin in liver tissue was not significantly different among all the experimental groups. The results indicate that FVL extract may reduce oxidative damage by activating antioxidative defense system of liver in rats fed high-cholesterol diets.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2002

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the anti-oxidative effects of Oldenlandiae Diffusae Herba Water extract (ODHW) on lipid peroxidation by free radicals oxidative hepatic injury. Methods : In order to evaluate anti-oxidative activities of ODHW in the liver cell, cultured normal rat liver cells(Ac2F) were incubated with or without ODHW. After 16 hours to 18 hours of experiment, cells were placed in DMEM medium without serum, and then incubated with 1mM tert-butyl hydro-peroxide(t-BHP) for two hours. Viable cells were detected by MTT assay. The levels of LPO induced by hydroxyl radical derived from H2O2-Fe2+ system in rat liver homogenate were determined by means of TBA. Inhibitory effect of ODHW on superoxide generation was measured by xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. Results : In the linoleic acid autoxidation system, ODHW exhibited antioxidant activity, which inhibited 85% of linoleic acid peroxidation. These effects were similar to those of dl-a-tocopherol. ODHW showed scavenging effects on DPPH radical, inhibited superoxide generation in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, and also inhibited lipid peroxidation of rat liver tissue with hydroxyl radical derived from $H_2O_2-Fe^{2+}$ system. In addition, ODHW protected the cell death induced by t-BHP and it significantly increased cell viability in a normal rat liver cell(Ac2F)

• 환경생물
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2004

사료를 통한 benzo(a)pyrene이 조피볼락, Sebastes schlegeli의 lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase(SOD)활성과 간 조직의 병변 현상에 미치는 영향을 연구하기위해 0 (대조구), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg $kg^{-1}$ 농도의 사료를 조제하여 30일간 급이하였다. LPO는 2.0mg kg$^{-1}$농도구에서 전 실험기간 동안 유의적으로 증가하였고, SOD 활성도 2.0 mg $kg^{-1}$ 농도구에서 30일째에 유의적으로 증가하였다. 간 조직 검경시 10일째에 1.0mg $kg^{-1}$ 이상의 농도구에서 세포비대가 나타났고, 같은 농도에서 periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) 염색시 양성으로 나타나는 granule이 30일째에 나타났고, 2.0mg $kg^{-1}$ 농도구에서는 20일째부터 관찰되었다. 그리고, 30일째 2.0mg $kg^{-1}$ 농도구의 일부 어체에서는 간 세포의 괴사가 관찰되었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2010

본 실험은 타우린이 고지방 사료를 급여한 산란계의 생산성, 계란 품질, 혈액 성상, 간 조직의 지질 및 지질과산화물 수준에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 45주령 Hy-Line 갈색계 280수를 4개의 처리구로 구분하여 처리구당 7반복, 반복당 10수씩 배치하여 4주간 실시하였다. 실험 처리구는 기초 사료를 대조구로 하고, 기초 사료+0.5% 타우린(CT), 기초 사료+5% 대두유(HF) 그리고 기초 사료+5% 대두유+0.5% 타우린(HFT)로 구분하였다. 난중은 CT가 대조구보다 유의적으로 낮았으나(P<0.05), HFT는 대조구 그리고 HF와 비교하여 비슷한 수준이었다. 혈청 중 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방 그리고 GOT 농도에서 HFT는 HF보다 유의적으로 각각 약 30%, 36% 그리고 20% 감소하였다(P<0.05). 간 조직에서 중성지방 농도는 HFT보다 HF보다 약 28% 낮은 경향이었으며, 지질과 산화물 농도는 HFT가 HF보다 유의적으로 약 25% 감소하였다(P<0.05). 따라서 본 연구 결과, 고지방 사료에 타우린의 급여는 산란계의 생산성에 영향을 미치지 않으면서 혈청 중 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방 농도를 개선하였으며, 간 조직의 지질과산화물 농도를 감소시키는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1987

$Cu^{++}$ 촉매작용에 의한 과산화현상이 관절조직손상의 한 형태인 Collagen 손상에 관여할 수 있음을 알아보고, sodium salicylate의 항 염증기전의 일부를 설명해 보고자 sodium salicylate가 이 과산화반응에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 쥐피부로 부터 얻은 Collagen을 이용하여 Collagen gelation에 대한 $Cu^{++}$와$H_2O_2$의 효과를 관찰한 결과 $Cu^{++}$ 또는 $H_2O_2$ 단독으로는 gelation에 영향을 미치지 못하였으나, $Cu^{++}$와 $H_2O_2$가 동시에 첨가된 경우 gelation이 억제되어 maximal turbidity가 감소되고, lag phase가 연장됨을 보였다. 그리고 같은 반응 조건에서 sodium salicylate 첨가에 의해 $Cu^{++}$와 $H_2O_2$에 의해 억제된 gelation이 회복됨을 볼 수 있었으며 회복정도는 salicylate 농도 증가에 의존적이었다. 한편 $Cu^{++}$에 의한 $H_2O_2$의 decomposition rate가 sodium salicylate에 의해 증가됨을 보였고, salicylate 농도 증가에 의해 점차 saturation되는 양상을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 부터 $Cu^{++}$ 촉매작용에 의한 과산화 현상은 collagen에 작용하여 구조적 또는 기능적인 변화를 초래함을 알 수 있었고, salicylate에 의해 이러한 과산화 현상이 억제되는 것은 $Cu^{++}$에 의한 $H_2O_2$의 decomposition rate를 증가시킨 결과임을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 $Cu^{++}$ 촉매작용에 의한 과산화현상은 만성염증 반응 특히 rheumatoid arthritis에서 나타나는 관절조직 손상에 관여할 수 있으며, sodium salicylate는 이 과산화반응에 작용하여 항 염증효과를 나타낼 수 있으리라 믿어졌다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was designed to determine if methylene blue inhibited the lipid peroxidation, the production of NO, and the gene expression of iNOS in acute lung injury induced by paraquat and if the inhibitory effect was dose dependent. Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: the control group, the group treated with paraquat only, the group treated with paraquat and a low dose of methylene blue (2 mg/kg), and the group treated with paraquat and a high dose of methylene blue (20 mg/kg). Methylene blue was administered via the jugular vein 1 h after paraquat administration, and animals were sacrificed 6 and 24 h after paraquat administration. Malondialdehyde (MDA) as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) as an antioxidant defense, the plasma NO concentration, and the expression of iNOS mRNA in the lung tissue were measured Results: Lung MDA contents decreased, with no significant difference between the methylene-blue groups and the paraquat-only group. Lung GSH contents were significantly elevated at 24 h in the methylene-blue groups compared with the paraquat-only group. Plasma NO concentrations were significantly reduced at 6 and 24 h in the methylene-blue groups compared with the paraquat-only group. There was also a significant decrease in the plasma NO concentration at 6 h in the high-dose methylene-blue group compared with the low-dose methylene-blue group. The expression of iNOS mRNA in the lung tissue was slightly decreased in the methylene-blue groups. It was also markedly increased at 24 h in the paraquat-only group compared with the methylene-blue groups. The gene expression was relatively decreased in the high-dose methylene-blue group compared with the low-dose methylene-blue group. Conclusion: This study suggests that methylene blue has an inhibitory effect on the plasma NO concentration and the expression of iNOS mRNA in lung injury induced by paraquat. No inhibitory effect of methylene blue on lipid peroxidation or dose-dependent inhibitory effects were clearly shown.