• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-95
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was to analyze the definitions of herbs, herbal drugs, crude drugs and natural products in the relevant laws and regulations, understand the related problems, and propose directions for improvement. Methods : I analyzed the legal definitions in respect of herbs, herbal drugs, crude drugs and natural products in relevant laws and regulations since 1945, explained the problems, and suggested the solution-considering the academic stance of Traditional Korean Medicine and the dualistic medical and pharmaceutical system. Results : Herbs are defined as "refined things that are cut and dried in their most original state". The definition of crude drugs includes herbs and the "cell contents, secretion, extracts, minerals and other parts of animals and plants that are used medicinally". The concept of natural products is expanded to adding tissue cultures to the definition of crude drugs. Conclusions : The definition of herbs should at least include all products that are "processed, extracted and prepared" as well as contents that consist of various forms of hospital-prepared herbs. The term "herbal drug" corresponds to a traditional term of "drug", and this should be established as a concept to explain "drugs in raw materials that are used to prepare herbs and/or manufacture herbal medicine". The legal definition of herbs should include the concept of crude drugs. Herbal drug preparations and crude drugs should be included in the definition of herbal drugs.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.329-333
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• 2001

Callus and shoot formation from medicinal crop, Lycium chinense Mill. cv. 'Cheongyang', as influenced by various media, explant sources and plant growth regulators were investigated. The rate of shoots formation, number of shoots, and fresh weight of shoots were the best on MS medium followed by B$_{5}$, WPH, and SH. Callus induction was more effective in leaf than internode segments, and was the best on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L NAA with 0.2 mg/L BA. Effects of plant growth regulators in shoot formation were more effective in BA than TDA combined with NAA. Shoot formation from callus induced in leaf and internode segments was the best on MS medium containing 0.01 mg/L NAA with 0.2 mg/L BA.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2007

A reliable and effective tissue culture system was established for Perilla frutescens (perilla) using different cultivar, explant source, and growth regulator composition in medium. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA was maximum at shoot induction. Cotyledon explants formed more shoots than hypocotyl explants. The frequency of plant regeneration through organogenesis was higher (22.8%) than that (6.1%) of somatic embryogenesis. Five genotypes of perilla were screened for the feasibility of shoot regeneration, cotyledon explant of 'Manbaek' showed the highest shoot induction at a frequency of 27.3% among the tested cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 1995

A method for cryopreservation of suspension cultured embryogenic cells derived from immature zygotic embryos of rice (Korean cultivars, Donggin-byeo and Taebaeg-byeo) was developed. The highest cell regrowth after storage in liquid nitrogen was obtained when Donggin-byeo cells were cryoprotected with a mixture of 2 M DMSO and 0.4 M sucrose and Taebaeg-byeo cells with a mixture of 0.64 M DMSO and 0.4 M sucrose at frequencies of 88% and 90%, respectively, Pretreatment in a high osmotic medium was not necessary. Upon transfer to $N_{6}$ medium suplemented with lmg/L NAA and 5 mg/L kinetin, the regenerated calli gave rise to numerous somatic embryos which subsequently underwent development into plantlets. Among approximately 100 plantlets, 25% of them were albinos.s.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.165-168
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• 1995

The embryos formed from anther culture of peony exhibited divergent morphologies. The frequency of normal embryos with two cotyledons was about two times higher in the embryos formed through direct embryogenesis than those formed from callus. About 69% of the embryos with two cotyledons converted into normal plants, but convention rate of the abnormal embryos with one and three or four cotyledons was only 4 to 9%. The embryos of hem and bowling pin shape did not undergo development into normal plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.183-186
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• 1994

Somatic embryos derived from cell suspension cultures of rice were singly alginate-encapsulated to be used as artificial seeds. When placed on half strength MS solid medium,73% of the encapsulated somatic embryos were capable of germination Encapsulation per se did not affect the germination frequency of embryos. When incubated by wrapping with moistured non-sterile filter paper, 60% of the encapsulated somatic embryos germinated. However encapsulated zygotic embryos without endosperm showed a high germination frequency regardless of the sterility of the incubation conditions. The results suggest that a greater susceptibility of somatic embryos to contaminants is attributed to lower germination frequency of encapsulated somatic embryos in non-sterile conditions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.541-548
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• 1989

The present study was carried out to determine viral antigens and its morphogenesis in the ultrathin frozen and araldite sections of cell cultures infected with ADV by protein A-gold labeling. ADV antigens were labeled with 10nm gold probes, and electron-dense gold particles were mainly present on viral nucleocapsids and viral envelopes. Immunogold labeling in the ultracryosections showed a very low degree of interaction with tissue structures. Immunogold labeling in the ultrathin cryosections can be useful tool for the detection of ADV antigens, and the technique also may provide its great potential for immunocytochemical studies on various virus-host cell Interactions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 1991

Attempts to isolate chicken anemia agent (CAA) were made by inoculating tissue homogenates into MDCC-MSBl or LSCC-1104B1 cell lines and passaging the cells serially. CAA was isolated from the liver and thymus of 11 weeks old layer chickens and from the liver of 10 weeks old broiler breeder chickens. The layer flock experienced approximately 45% mortality during 9 to 14 week of age from gangrenous dermatitis and lymphoid organs of affected chickens were severely atrophied. The broiler breeder flock experienced approximately 7% mortality during 7 to 9 weeks of age and affected birds showed lesions of colibacillosis, staphylococcal arthritis, and coccidiosis together with atrophied lymphoid organs. The isolated viruses were identified as CAA by the indirect fluorescent antibody test and virus neutralization test using CAA immune sera including one to Gifu-1 strain of CAA. The CAA isolate 89-69, when inoculated into susceptible 1 day old SPF chicks, induced anemia 14 to 16 days after inoculation. It did not induce any cytopathic effects in chicken embryo liver and chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures. Infectivity of the isolate was not affected by the treatment of chloroform or heat ($70^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes).

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.84-86
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• 2008

The Tetrahymena group I intron has been shown to employ a trans-splicing reaction and has been modified to specifically target and replace human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) RNA with a suicide gene transcript, resulting in the induction of selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells that express the target RNA, in animal models as well as in cell cultures. In this study, we evaluated the target RNA specificity of trans-splicing phenomena by the group I intron in mice that were intraperitoneally inoculated with hTERT-expressing human cancer cells to validate the anti-cancer therapeutic applicability of the group I intron. To this end, an adenoviral vector that encoded for the hTERT-targeting group I intron was constructed and systemically injected into the animal. 5'-end RACE-PCR and sequencing analyses of the trans-spliced cDNA clones revealed that all of the analyzed products in the tumor tissue of the virus-infected mice resulted from reactions that were generated only with the targeted hTERT RNA. This study implies the in vivo target specificity of the trans-splicing group I intron and hence suggests that RNA replacement via a trans-splicing reaction by the group I intron is a potent anti-cancer genetic approach.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.228-234
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• 2020

Background A patient's overall condition sometimes does not allow for the complete removal of a dead eschar or injured slough in cases involving a pressure-injury skin lesion. This frequently occurs in clinical practice, particularly in bedridden and older patients receiving home care or intensive care. Even after debridement, it is also difficult to manage open exudative wounds in these patients. Nevertheless, when a mature or immature eschar is treated without proper debridement, liquefaction necrosis underneath the eschar or slough tends to reveal a large, open wound with infectious exudates. We hypothesized that if the presence of any bacteria under the eschar can be evaluated and the progression of the presumed infection of the subeschar can be halted or delayed without creating an open wound, the final wound can be small, shallow, and uninfected. Methods Using a punch instrument, we performed 34 viable subeschar tissue cultures with a secure junction between the eschar and the normal skin. Results The bacterial study had 29 positive results. Based on these results and the patient's status, appropriate antibiotics could be selected and administered. The use of suitable antibiotics led to relatively shallow and small exposed wounds. Conclusions This procedure could be used to detect potentially pathogenic bacteria hidden under black or yellow eschars. Since subeschar infections are often accompanied by multidrug-resistant bacteria, the early detection of hidden infections and the use of appropriate antibiotics are expected to be helpful to patients.