• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.595-599
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• 2005

The efforts of Korean and Japanese radishes on the viability and interleukin (JL)-8 production by Helicobacter pylori were investigated in human gastric epithelial cell. Cell viability was significantly decreased when they were incubated with H. pylori toxin (p <0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.005). Co-incubation with Korean or Japanese radish increased H. pylori toxin-inhibited cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner. The production of IL-8 was greatly increased in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cell in concentration- and time-dependent manners. The increased production of IL-8 was significantly inhibited by Korean (p<0.05 and p<0.01) or Japanese (p<0.05) radishes $(5\~10mg/ml)$. These results indicate that Korean and Japanese radishes have protective effects on H. pylori-inhibited cell growth and H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal cell inflammation by suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokine (IL-8) from gastric epithelial cell.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2005

To address the ability of Kung-Kyung-Ilho-Jeon(KK) to induce cell death, we investigated the effect of KK on cell viability. Forty-eight hours later, loss of viability occurred following KK exposure in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment of KK, a commonly used herb formulation in Korea and China, caused a decrease in cell viability. KK also resulted in apoptotic morphology a brightly blue-fluorescent condensed nuclei by Hoechst 33258-staining, and reduction of cell volume. Our results show that KK induces caspase-3 and -9 activation in a time-dependent manner. In addtion, the translocation of cytochrome c release into cytoplasm has been observed under the presence of $5mg/m{\ell}$ KK. The subsequent loss of mitochondria membrane potential is collapsed by the addition of KK. Our immunoblotting data show that PARP, a well known caspase-3 and -6 substrate, is cleaved by KK. We show that a pro-apoptotic protein, Bax is increased in the presence of KK but that the amount of Bcl-2 is not changed. We suggest that Bax, a critical protein which can regulate channel of mitochondria to release cytochrome c, is a key protein in KK-induced apoptosis of Hela human cervical carcinoma cells

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2724-2731
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• 2014

As the future national defense plan of government focus on advanced weapon system, military maintenance facility becomes more important. However, military maintenance facility has been managed by director's experience and simple mathematical calculation until now. Thus, the optimization for the management of military maintenance facility is suggested by more scientistic and logical methods in this study. The study follows the procedure below. First, simulation is designed according to the analysis of military maintenance facility. Second, independent variable and dependent variable are defined for optimization. Independent Variable includes the number of maintenance machine, transportation machine, worker in the details of military maintenance facility operation, and dependent variable involves total maintenance time affected by independent variable. Third, warmup analysis is performed to get warmup period, based on the simulation model. Fourth, the optimal combination is computed with evolution strategy, meta-heuristic, to enhance military maintenance management. By the optimal combination, the management of military maintenance facility can gain the biggest effect against the limited cost. In the future, the multipurpose study, to analyze the military maintenance facility covering various weapon system equipments, will be performed.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2019

Spring sowing of ginseng seeds often results in failure of seedling establishment. Storage condition during winter, sowing time, and seed treatment might effect on germination. Here we tested effects of temperature regimes of seed storage on spring sowing. Dehisced wet or dry ginseng seeds were stored at $2^{\circ}C$, $-2^{\circ}C$, $-3.5^{\circ}C$, or alternating temperature: at $2^{\circ}C$ until December, $-3.5^{\circ}C$ in January, and $2^{\circ}C$ in February, and sowed in March. In overall, emergence rate was dependent on storage temperature, and $-3.5^{\circ}C$ resulted poorest emergence than other conditions. Storage of wet seeds in alternating temperature resulted highest emergence rate. Seed dry also affected on emergence rate, while it was dependent on the storage temperature. In terms of growth, storage at $2^{\circ}C$ as wet seed resulted highest growth, and dried seeds resulted poorer growth than wet seeds. As a modification of alternating temperature, seeds were stored at $2^{\circ}C$ at first, then transferred to $-3.5^{\circ}C$ at Nov 30, Dec 20, and Jan 10, each. When transfer date was delayed, emergence rate was increased. We suggest that seed storage temperature for ginseng should not be decreased below $-2^{\circ}C$, and alternative temperature regime for successful spring sowing could be useful.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.337-337
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• 1994

Phenol, acetaminophen(AA) and salicylamide are all known to be sulfated in rats and mioe. We have previously demonstrated that capacity-limited sulfation of xenobiotics in rats is due to the reduced availability of hepatic PAPS, the co-substrate for sulfation, which in turn is limited by the availability of its precursor, inorganic sulfate. Because species differences have been reported in the extent of sulfation, this study was conducted to determine whether these xenobiotics lower hepatic PAPS and sulfate in ICR mice. All three substrates decreased serum sulfate concentrations in a dose-and time-dependent manner. However. contrary to the observations in rats, phenol markedly increased hepatic PAPS concentraions in a dose-dependent manner, 1 hr after ip injection of 0-4 mmol/kg. Following ip injection of 2 or4 mmol/kg phenol, hepatic PAPS concentraions were enhanced 2-3 fold, 0.52 hr arter dosing and returned to control values 3 hr after dosing, whereas AA and salicylamide had little effect on hepatic PAPS concentrations. In summary. these studies demonstrate that phenol markedly enhances hepatic PAPS concentrations in mice, whereas hepatic PAPS levels are not affected by AA and salicylamide. Our data suggest that 1) hepatic sulfation for high dosages of xenobiotics in ICR mice is not limiod by the availability of co-substrate, and 2) there are significant species differences in the regulation of PAPS between rats and mice.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1070-1083
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Sanghuangporus sanghuang (SS) has various medicinal effects, including anti-inflammation and anticancer activities. Despite the extensive research on SS, its molecular mechanisms of action on lung cancer are unclear. This study examined the impact of an SS alcohol extract (SAE) on lung cancer using in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS/METHODS: Different concentrations of SAE were used to culture lung cancer cells (A549 and H1650). A cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect the survival ability of A549 and H1650 cells. A scratch assay and transwell cell invasion assay were used to detect the migration rate and invasive ability of SAE. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl2-associated X (Bax), cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases 4 (CDK4), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3). Lung cancer xenograft mice were used to detect the inhibiting ability of SAE in vivo. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the effect of SAE on the structural changes to the tumor and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cyclin D1, CDK4, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in lung cancer xenograft mice. RESULTS: SAE could inhibit lung cancer proliferation significantly in vitro and in vivo without cytotoxicity. SAE suppressed the viability, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. The SAE treatment significantly decreased the proapoptotic Bcl-2/Bax ratio and the expression of pro-proliferative proteins Cyclin D1 and CDK4 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, SAE also inhibited STAT3 expression. CONCLUSIONS: SAE reduced the cell viability and suppressed cell migration and invasion in human lung cancer cells. Moreover, SAE also exhibited anti-proliferation effects in vivo. Therefore, SAE may have benefits in cancer therapy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.381-395
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• 1989

The main purpose of this research is to provide scientific informations about standard wage and performance tariffs in forest management with special reference to working time for thinning. To identify relationships between net working time and tree characteristics, three geographically different sample plots were established at Yangsan, Bongpyung and Jinan and 460 oaks, 372 Japanese larches, 232 red pine and 240 pitch pine mere selected at each sample plots. The results of statistical analysis using multiple regression are as follows ; 1. Five independent variables of breast height diameter(DBH), mid-diameter(MD) large end diameter(LD), log-length(L), No. of branches(NOB) were stable independent of worker and tree species. 2. Comparing correlation coefficient of five independent variables, the best predictive variables, breast height diameter and No. of branches, were selected. Breast height diameter and No. of branches were identified as the most important independent variables in terms of effect on the dependent variable of the working time. 3. Comparing coefficient of determination (Rp) and residual mean square (MSEp), the best Linear regression equation for each tree species was selected as follower : $WT=a+b1{\times}NOB+b2{\times}DBF$ 4. Proportion of hang-up time to total working time in thinning were 66% in oak stand, 74%, in Japanese larch stand, 55%, in red pine stand and 52% in pitch pine stand, respectively. 5. Based on the best regression equation, a table of working time was made by strata of number of branches and breast height diameter. 6. Total working time using the best regression equation in Table 5 can be predicted in terms of felling time, limbing time, hang-up time, i.e., total working time increases by 11 to 13 seconds with every 1 centimeter increase in breast height diameter from 7 to 16 centimeter.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

Management of driver hours of service (HOS) for commercial vehicle operators has been a continual safety challenge. One of the more critical issues to government and motor carriers is fatigue and fatigue-related accidents. To reduce truck drivers’fatigue-related accident risk in other countries, the government issued the HOS regulations. However, korea government does not have any HOS regulations. The objective of this research gives the clues that korea should have the HOS regulation to reduce truck drivers’fatigue-related accident risk. This study examines the HOS regulation over other countries and conducts relative accident risk analysis using the real data from 3 freight companies. The data set includes 231 accident involved drivers and 462 non-accident drivers. Therefore, the size of the total data set is 693 drivers. One of the most important aspects of early studies of safety and HOS was the need to characterize continuous driving by using the notion of "survival". Subsequent research used a data replication scheme and logistic regression to capture the survival effect. This study uses time-dependent logistic regression. The test of significance between parameters indicates that the first three hours are almost the same risk. In the 10th hour of driving, the risk was more than 2.2times that in the baseline first hour. In conclusion, as driving time goes on, the crash risk increases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2000

Background: Adhesion of leukocytes to myocardium or vascular endothelium has been known as an importation initial step in the ischemia-reperfusion injury which may affect the cardiac function. Therefore, leukocyte-depleted reperfusion may inhibit ischemia-reperfusion induced functional and ultrastructural deterioration. In this study, we quantified the time-dependent expression of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCMA-1) on piglet myocardium and demonstrated its relation to functional recovery using isolated piglet heart perfusion model. Material and Method: Neonatal(1 to 3 day old) piglet heart was harvested with 4$^{\circ}C$ University of Wisconsin solution (UWS) and presrved in the same solution for 12 hours. Ex vivo model of an isolated working neonatal piglet heart perfusion consisting of membrane oxygenator and roller-pump was used (Fig. 1). Hearts were grouped into leukocyte-non-depleted (group A, n=8) and leukocyte-depleted group(group B, n=8). In group B, hearts were reperfused with leukocyte-depleted blood using a leukocyte filter (Sepacell R, Asahi Medical, Japan). Segments of right atrium were taken before and after 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours of reperfusion for the evaluation of expression of VCAM-1. The intensity of immunohistochyemical satining of the VCAM-1 on the myocardium were graded semiquantitatively (0 to 4). For the evaluation of myocardial stroke work indices were calculated as well at the same time-points. Result: Mean expressins of VCAM-1 on the myocardium at 0, 1, 2, 3, adn 4 hours of reperfusion were 0.63, 1.44, 1.64, 2.65, and 3.34 in group A, while 0.56, 1.40, 1.50, 1.88 and 2.14 in group B (Fig. 3). Mean stroke work indices at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after reperfusion were 1.35$\times$104, 1.32$\times$104, 1.14$\times$104, 0.81$\times$104, 0.68$\times$104 erg/gm in group A, while 1.40$\times$104, 1.43$\times$104, 1.43$\times$104, 1.28$\times$104, and 1.12$\times$104 erg/em in group B(Fig. 4). Conclusion : In this study, we demonstrated that leukocyte-depletion attenuated the expression of VCAM-1 during reperfusion and the time-dependent functional deterioration of the myocardium was well correlated with the degree of VCAM-1 expression.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.279-288
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• 1999

The creep of concrete structures caused by variable stresses is generally calculated by step-by-step method based on the superposition of creep function. Although most practical application is carried out by this linear assumption. significant deviations between predictions and experiments have been observed when unloading takes place, that is. stress is reduced. This shows that the superposition of creep function does not describe accurately the effect of sustained compressive preload. The main purpose of this study is to propose a creep analysis model which is expressed with both creep function and creep recovery function where increase or decrease of stress is repeated. In these two function method, the creep behavior is modelled by using linear creep law for loading and creep recovery law for unloading. To apply two function method to time analysis of concrete structures, the calculation method of creep strain increment under varying stress is proposed. The calculation results based on the present method correlates very well with test data, but the conventional superposition method exhibits large deviation from test results. This paper provides a more accurate method for the time dependent analysis of concrete structures subjected to varying stress, i.e. increasing or decreasing stress. The present method may be efficiently employed in the revision of future concrete codes.