• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 1998

For the purpose of enhanceing soybean-sprouts quality, the optimum conditions for ozone treatment of soybean during soaking before cultivation at 18~2$0^{\circ}C$ were evaluated with ozone concentration, treatment time and treatment frequency by response surface methodology. Germination rates of cleaned soybean by ozone water in the conditions of solubilized-ozone concentrations of 0.15 to 0.35ppm, ozone-treatment frequency of 1.5 to 2.3 times and ozone-treatment time of 30 to 36min. increased 18.8 to 24.0% for the control products. And, length of hypocotyl in conditions of 0.12 to 0.33ppm, 1.7 to 2.7 times and 45 to 90min. were also increased by 69.36 to 79.40%. On the other hand, weight of roots with ozone treatment were decreased in the conditions of solubilized ozone concentrations of 0.1 to 0.2ppm and ozone-treatment time of 30 to 57min. But, ozone-treatment frequency did not affected root growth. Putrefaction rates of the control were 5 to 15%, but those of ozone-treated samples during cultivation did not show. The overall optimum conditions for above 16% germination rates, above 9% hypocotyl yields compared to the control samples and below 98% of the control root weight were solubilized-ozone concentrations of 0.25 to 0.30ppm, ozone-treatment time of 43 to 49min. and ozone-treatment frequency of one time.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.253-258
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• 2015

In South Korea, Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel (dwarf stone pine) has been designated as a critically endangered species by the Korea Forest Service. We have difficulties in obtaining the seeds of P. pumila because P. pumila grows only in the Daecheongbong area (1550–1700 m above sea level) of Mt. Seorak and almost all of its cones are damaged by birds and rodents. For establishing an ex situ conservation stand of P. pumila, this study was conducted to figure out the effects of wet cold (cold stratification, prechilling) and GA₃ treatment on the germination of P. pumila seeds. After cold stratification (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 months), prechilling (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 months) and GA₃ treatment (0, 100, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 ㎎/L), seeds were placed on petri-dishes at 25℃ under light condition. The percentage of germination, mean germination time and the germination rate were investigated. The results showed that both of the cold stratification and prechilling were effective in improving germination performances. However, there were no significant differences in performances between the two cold treatments. Within each treatment, the germination performances improved with the period of treatment. However, after three months of treatment, the performances showed no significant improvement. The gibberellin treatment was also effective in improving seed germination of P. pumila. The percentage of germination reached 79.0% in the seeds treated with 100 ㎎/L of GA₃. However, the germination performances decreased at high concentration of GA₃ treatments (over 2000 ㎎/L). In conclusion, cold stratification (over 3 months) or 100 ㎎/L of GA₃ treatment was considered to be the appropriate method for seedling production of P. pumila.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.462-469
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• 2005

Effects of proton beam irradiation on seed germination and growth pattern of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. BY-4; N. plumbaginifolia) and rice (Oryasativa L.) plants were estimated to develop the efficient conditions of irradiation. Seed germination rate was decreased by increasing the proton beam the current and the beam irradiation time in both tobacco and rice seeds. The beam irradiation conditions showing $50\%$ germination were over 60 sec at 10 nA, approximately 5 sec at 100 nA and at 500 nA beam current in tobacco seeds. And the conditions of $50\%$ germination were 60 sec at 10 nA, and 100 nA and 30 sec at 500nA in rice (cv. Dongjin 1) seeds. The growth of irradiated plants was decreased, but significant difference in morphological changes was not observed by the proton beam treatment. The proton beam is able to use as a mutagen, but some of the factors including beam size and beam detector-system must be established for efficient usage of the beam.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.538-543
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• 2004

To improve the levels of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinated brown rice, chitosan and glutamic acid were treated during the brown rice germination. The GABA contents in germinated brown rices were 425.7 nmole/g and 637.0 nmole/g at germination temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ and germination time of 72 hrs. Response surface methodology(RSM) was used to monitor characteristics of germination from brown rices. As glutamic acid and chitosan concentration were increased, the GABA content was also increased. The ranges of optimum conditions were $105{\sim}160\;ppm$ in chitosan concentration and $200{\sim}290\;ppm$ in glutamic acid concentration. Predicted values at the optimized conditions were acceptable in comparison with experimental values.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1096-1105
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• 2008

This study was carried out to identify the optimum condition for priming, as a series of experiments for the enhancement of germination percentage and germination synchronization in cool-season turfgrass seeds. The optimum priming conditions to maximize the germinability in both Kentucky bluegrass and Tall fescue was a 1 day treatment of 100 mM $K_3PO_4$ at $25^{\circ}C$. The seeds treated with the optimum priming condition enhanced the germinability compared to control, and shortened the time for germination with reduced $T_{50}$ and mean daily germination (MDG). However, as the concentration and treatment period of NaOH or KOH increased, significantly decrease in germination percentage was observed. Germination percentage in Creeping bentgrass and Bentgrass was below 10%, regardless of priming treatment. However, the priming treatment with 200 mM $KNO_3$ for three days improved the germination up to 6%, which was not a statistically significant level. The most effective priming period for Kentucky bluegrass and Tall fescue was one day treatment, but the germinability was suppressed as the treatment period was extended until six days. For priming chemical treatment, germinability was improved with the concentration of 100 mM, while it was reduced at higher concentrations of 200 mM and 300 mM.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 2016

Factors affecting germination of seeds in the forms of various environment and chemical compounds. The present study was aim to produced effective seed propagation method of Astilbe koreana (Kom.) Nakai which had expected high value for the cut flower, ornamental and pharmaceutical material. Seed width and length ranged 0.62, 2.22 ㎜, respectively, and weight of thousand seeds was 40.5 ㎎. As result of imbibition test, showed moisture content of fresh seed (2.57%) increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment under 24 hours, recording to maximum value of 29.8%, and expansion of the seed coat was observed. Seed germination was the best at 15℃ and light conditions (40.8%) among temperature and light conditions treated. Percent germination of seeds was improved under the low (15, 20℃) than high temperature (25, 30℃). In addition, the seed was not germinated at dark condition regardless of temperature. Seeds of A. koreana thus seemed that it had low temperature germinability conditions. To improve germination rate, seeds were submerged in various concentrations of growth regulators such as GA₃ and kinetin, and minerals as KNO₃ and KCl. As a results, KNO₃ treatment, regardless of concentrations, promoted germination compared to control. Especially, percent of germination (77.8%), germination energy (96.1%), mean germination time (11.3 days) and T₅₀ (6.5 days) were effectively improved by treatment of KNO₃ 20 mM.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.196-200
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• 2002

Lower field germination was observed in lipoxygenase- lacking soybean genotypes. This study was performed to understand seed-related traits after accelerated aging in response to planting date of soybeans. Two soybean cultivars, Jinpumkong (null lipoxygenase-2,3) and Jinpumkong 2 (lacking lipoxygenase-1, 2, 3) were evaluated for germination, and were compared with the cultivar, Taekwangkong containing lipoxygenase-1,2,3 isozymes. Greater seed coat cracking was shown in Jinpumkong and Jinpumkong 2 than Taekwangkong. Regardless of soybean genotypes, earlier planting resulted in greater seed coat cracking. After accelerated aging, seed fracturability and hardness of Jinpumkong and Jinpumkong 2 were lower than those of Taekwangkong. There was significant difference in germination percentage among soybean genotypes in response to planting date. Seeds obtained from late planting showed better germination ability. Accelerated aging resulted in lower germination percentages of Jinpumkong and Jinpumkong 2 than that of Taekwangkong, and showed higher electric conductivity in Jinpumkong and Jinpumkong 2 than Taekwangkong. After accelerated aging at 4$0^{\circ}C$ for thirty five days, germination percentages of Jinpumkong and Jinpumkong 2 were lower than that of Taekwangkong. Electric conductivity was increased continually as accelerated aging time became longer, and Jinpumkong and Jinpumkong 2 showed higher electric conductivity than Taekwangkong. Even though there were significant genotype differences in seed traits, further studies are needed to determine whether seed lipoxygenase ability is associated with germination ability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.4
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• pp.505-511
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• 1994

Seeds of Rigitaeda pine tree(Pinus rigida${\times}$P. taeda) was primed with polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000) under different PEG concentrations, treatment period, and temperatures to test uniformity of germination. Coated seeds and PEG treated seeds were sown to compare germination, emergence, establishment, and seedling growth. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. As the concentration of PEG increased, as total germination percentage of pine tree was increased. Total germination percentage of pine tree seeds primed with PEG at 15 or $20^{\circ}C$ was better than the seeds treated at $10^{\circ}C$ compared to untreated seeds. 2. Germination rate was improved as primed period long and level of PEG concentration high. 3. Maximum germination rate was high with long PEG treatment period, and markedly improved when the seeds were primed at $20^{\circ}C$ 4. Priming with PEG at $20^{\circ}C$ for 12 days reduced time taken for germination. 5. Osmoconditioned seeds accelerated germination under drought condition with injurious effect of coated seeds by some chemicals. 6. There were much differences in establishment and dry matter production between drill and oversowing method, and primed seeds showed better performances than the coated seeds. Coating effects to seeds were better under drought soil condition rather than moderate moisture condition.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1997

This study was conducted to improve germination ratio of Zanthoxylum piperitum A.P. DC. seeds. Stratification for 60 days after scarification of seed with sand was germination percentage to 5.4% and $GA_3$, 50ppm for 24 hrs after scarification of seed with sand showed 8.9%. Soaking the seeds in $GA_3$, 50ppm for 24 hrs after 40 to $70^{\circ}C$ hot water treatment for 10 minutes showed low germination of 4.4%. Based on $H_2SO_4$, NaOH and $HNO_3$, treatments, germination percentage did not improve at all regardless of soaking time. The highest germination of 91.1% was observed when seed was soaked in $GA_3$ 100ppm for 48 hrs after stratification for 60 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Kinetin treatment at 50ppm for 24 hrs had the greatest germination percentage of 31.7% but it did not improve germination ratio compared to $GA_3$ treatment.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 1996

The experiment was conducted to determine pollen morphology of Chinese peony and its germination. The results were obtained as following ; Pollen shpae was usually large ellipse and the pol­len germination rate of Eui-seong Peony line was 71% which was lower than that of other Peony lines. In a bud, the pollen began to be observed on $7{\sim}9days$ before flowering and as getting on for flowering time, normal pollen and germination rates were higher. The pollen germination and elongation beganat 30 minutes after incubation on artificial medium and were completed after $2{\sim}3\;hours$. As the storage time went on, the pollen life span was shortened. The germination rate was 51% at 8 days-storage of room temperature. The germination rate was 48% ad 43% at 95 day-storage in $0^{\circ}C$ and $-15^{\circ}C$, respectively.