• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 1995

To provide the basic information of buckwheat insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and efficient material for the buckwheat processed foodstuffs, buckwheat (Fagopyrum egculentum Moench) was germinated at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 7 days and the contents and composition of the insoluble dietary fiber were examined at 24 hour intervals. The NDF and ADF contents in ungerminated seeds were 20.27%, 18.95% on dry weight basis, respectively. During the germination period, the NDF and ADF contents increased gradually. The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents in ungerminated seeds were 11.10%, 1.32% and 7.85%, respectively. During the germination period, the cellulose and lignin contents increased. However, there was no significant change in the hemicellulose contents. The composition of cellulose and hemicellulose in the NDF decreased with germination time, whereas that of lignin increased. The IDF contents obtained by Prosky method were higher than the NDF contents obtained by Van Soest method. However, the IDF and NDF contents were closely correlated(r=0.9785, p<0.01). The cellulose(Xl), hemicellulose(X2), lignin(X3) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) (BL) showed the significant regression equation(p<0.001) with the root length(Y). The multiple regression equation was Y = -12.1306 + 0.9213xl - 0.1615$\times$2 + 0.1071$\times$3 + 0.7397$\times$4 and R2(coefficient of determination) was 0.942.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.283-283
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• 2022

Abiotic stresses such as high/low temperature, drought, salinity, and submergence directly or indirectly influence the physiological status and molecular mechanisms of rice which badly affect yield. Especially, the low temperature causes harmful influences in the overall process of rice growth such as uneven germination and the establishment of seedlings, which has become one of the main limiting factors affecting rice production in the world. It is of great significance to find the candidate genes controlling low-temperature tolerance during seed germination and study their functions for breeding new rice cultivars with immense low-temperature tolerance during seed germination. In this study, 120 lines of Cheongcheong/Nagdong double haploid population were used for quantitative trait locus analysis of low-temperature germinability. The results showed significant difference in germination under low different temperature conditions. In total, 4 QTLs were detected on chromosome 3, 6, and 8. A total of 41 genes were identified from all the 4 QTLs, among them, 25 genes were selected by gene function annotation and further screened through quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Based on gene function annotation and level of expression under low-temperature, our study suggested OsGPq3 gene as a candidate gene controlling viviparous germination, ABA and GA signaling under low-temperature. This study will provide a theoretical basis for marker-assisted breeding.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2013

Seed coat of hairy vetch is very thick and hard, and difficult to absorb water during germination. It requires much time that cotyledon comes out from seed coat. Therefore this experiment was carried out to increase the germination rate by enhancing water absorption through water-soaking of seed, chemical scarification by sulfuric acid, and mechanical scarification on seed coat. Water-soaking for 5 hours seemed to be highly effective in enhancing germination rate. Although not significant, water-soaking resulted in increase of germination rate by 9%. Effect of soaking temperature was not significant, but early germination rate was increased to be 5.0%, 31.7% and 48.3% at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Mechanical scarification of seed coat led to a germination rate of 97% whereas intact seed showed that of 65%. Chemical scarification by sulfuric acid for 10min, 20min and 30min resulted in a germination rate of 76.7%, 74.7% and 96.0% respectively. It is clear that scarification increased germination rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.79-95
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• 2015

To suggest ecological management plans for invasion of Salix gracilistyla, stepwise environmental sieve of seed dispersal, germination, seedling and juvenile stages were investigated. About 84% of total seeds were released between May 6 and 10. Germination rates significantly declined with decrease of light intensity from 100% to 30% and 0% (p<.001), but above 60% of seeds germinated in all treatments. Difference of germination rates with 0 and 2cm water level was not significant (p = .571). With increase of elapsed time after seed dispersal, germination rates significantly decreased (p<.001), and seed viability was lost within 16 days. Considering both germination rate of seed and survival rate of seedling, survival rate of all dispersed seeds was only 5% when 8 days passed after seed dispersal. All 22-day-old seedlings (height: 1cm) died under flooding of twice level as its height. With decrease of light intensity from 100% to 30%, survival rates of seedling decreased from 90% to 33% (p<.001). In the case of 45-day-old juvenile (height: 20cm), survival rate was 70% under the water level same as its height. There was significant interactive effect of water level and light intensity on the growth of juvenile (height: p<.001, dry weight: p<.01), and survival rate of juvenile was 10% under +20cm-water level and 30%-light intensity condition. The following management plans for invasion of S. gracilistyla are recommended from these results. (1) Dry condition should be maintained at fringe of wetlands for about two weeks at seed dispersal and germination stage (early May~mid May). (2) Water level should be raised to about 5cm at fringe of wetlands for about two weeks at seedling stage (mid May~early June). (3) Water level should be raised to over 20cm at fringe of wetlands for a long time at juvenile stage. Planting trees for shading can raise management effectiveness (mid June~). (4) As water level manipulating is performed as fast as possible for controlling seedling and juvenile, management become easier and more effective.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.445-450
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• 1983

To investigate the effect of harvest time after heading, storage temperature and duration on the dormancy and germination in barley cultivars, the kernels were collected at 5 day intervals from 20 days after heading until 35 days. The kernels were dried at 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 7 days and storaged in freezing chamber (-15$^{\circ}C$). The kernels germinated better at 15$^{\circ}C$ than at $25^{\circ}C$, and 1% $H_2O$$_2$ and 3 ppm GA$_3$ treatments gave much higher germination percentage than non-treatment; $H_2O$$_2$ and GA$_3$ treatments were good for promoting germination of immature harvested kernels. Germination rate index were significantly correlated with germination percentage under $25^{\circ}C$ and 15$^{\circ}C$ temperature conditions. Hangmi, Jogangbori and Muanbori had deep or slight dormancy at the different harvesting time, especially Dusan #8 had the deepest dormancy. The dormancy broke more rapidly under 3$0^{\circ}C$ than 2$0^{\circ}C$ storage conditions, so high temperature accelerated dormancy breaking. Those results showed that dormancy was various with the cultivars, harvesting time, storage temperature and storage duration.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

The influence of sodium hypochlorite and ethephon on the germination of narrow-leaved purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia) was investigated. Treatment of seeds with ethephon (1 mM) for 2 h followed by soaking in 0.525% sodium hypochlorite greatly increased germination (>90%). The treatment of seed with a combination of sodium hypochlorite and ethephon shortened number of days required to reach 50% of the final germination ($T_{50}$) from 4.2 days in control to 1.1 days. Seedlings grown from ethephon-treated seeds had shorter and thicker hypocotyls and roots with higher dry weights compared to the control. The same trend was observed during seedling emergence from soil. Ethephon treatment longer than 2 h resulted in weaker seedlings, probably due to leaf senescence. Anthocyanin content in seedling leaves increased linearly from 0.04 mg/g fresh weight in control to 3.72 mg/g fresh weight in 24 h treatment as the time of seed exposure to ethephon increased. Seed treatment with bleach and ethephon may well be practiced to facilitate the establishment of E. angustifolia in the field.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 2017

Populus. caspica L. is an Iranian indigenous poplar species which naturally distributed in the northern part of country. Unfortunately, overuse has removed many of the stems of better form, so that natural stands now usually appear small and crook. Therefore genetic variation for selection of new superior clone of this species is needed. Conventional hybridization system is currently used to induce genetic variation in poplar species but incompatibility barriers have been observed between them. In vitro ovule embryo culture was used to overcome incompatibility obstacle for interspecific hybridization between Populus caspica L. with Populus deltoids L.62/75. Female flowers of Populus caspica L. have artificially been pollinated with pollen grain of P. deltoides 62/75 in one direction using twig and pot crossing system. Ovaries at different ages (7, 14 and 21 days after pollination) were disinfected through 70% ethanol for 1 minute, 5% of sodium-hypochlorite solution for fifteen min followed by three time rising with sterile distil-water. Isolated ovaries were then transferred to MS hormone free medium containing 30 and 60 g/L sucrose for embryo development and germination. Collected data have been analyzed by two factorial experimental designs. The results indicated that there were significant differences between age of embryos for development and germination at ${\alpha}=0.01%$. Highest embryo germination (45%) was observed from 21 days old ovaries. No significant differences were observed between MS culture media containing 30 and 60 g/L for percentages of ovary-embryo germination and number of germinated embryo per ovary at ${\alpha}=0.05%$. Fourteen percentage of embryo germination obtained in MS medium supplemented with 60 g/L sucrose, while only 35% of isolated ovaries were able to germinate in MS containing 30 g/L sucrose. Induced plantlets in 4 cm height were transferred into pots containing soilless (1:1:1 peat, per lit and vermiculite) medium for acclimatization. After successful acclimatization, plants were delivered to nursery.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1987

To verify allelopathic effect of tomato plants a number of labovatory experiments, seed germination and seedling growth with aqueous extracts and leachates form the tomato plants, have performed. Germination percentage of the tested species was decreased by treatment with leaf, stem and root extracts as extracting time elapses. The leaf extract more inhibits the germination of the seeds than both stem and root extracts. Leachate collected from the tomato plants decreases as much as 50% of the growths in elongation as well as dry weight of seedlings of lettuce and egg plant. It is observed that with a paired-plants grown in U tube pot the tomato roots have excreted allelochemicals to inhibit the growth of the tested species and volatile substances from the tomato plants have suppressed to dry weights of lettuce, to elongation and dry weights of grapevine planted near the tomato plants.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.276-283
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to investigate the optimum temperature and the effects of sulfuric acid, flowing water and $GA_3$ on the germination of Bupleurum falcatum. At the same time, the effect of germination-related compounds in Bupleurum falcatum seed was tested. Among the tested temperatures $(15,\;20,\;25\;and\;30^{\circ}C)$ the highest germination rate was obtained at $15^{\circ}C$. The optimum soaking time of sulfuric acid was 5 minutes at the concentration of both 0.1 and 1.0%. At the same time, the germination rate was highest when Bupleurum falcatum seed was washed for 2 days in the flowing water before germination test. The effect of $GA_3$ on the germination was highest at 100 ppm out of 10, 50 and 100 ppm. Regardless of treatments, the germination rate of Jeongseon species was higher than that of Mishima species. SEM photographs revealed that most of germination-inhibiting substances in the seed coat were washed away by rinsing in the flowing water for 2 days thus the seed coat became more smooth. The 4, 000 ppm alcohol extract of Bupleurum falcatum seeds inhibited the germination of lettuce seeds as much as 41.7% in Jeongseon species and 58.3% in Mishima species. The higher extract concentration from seed of Bupleurum falcatum, the lower the germination of lettuce seeds was obtained. Out of phenolic acids, the contents of orchinol, pyrogallol, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were highest in both varieties. Compared with Mishima species, Jeongseon species showed much higher content of salicylic and vanillic acid.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.267-270
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate of germination, okra yield and plant growth according to sowing time in the field cultivation. The percentages of germination in okra seed according to sowing time were 4.4.% (15 April), 66.7% (30 April), 88.9% (15 May), and 100% (30 May). The highest germination rate (100%) was observed on 30 May sowing whereas the lowest germination rate (4.4%) was observed on 15 April sowing. Treatment on 30 April showed the best result compared with other treatments in the growth and development. The plant growth was 476cm in 30 April, 317cm in 15 May, and 271cm in 30 May treatment. The fruit yield significantly was affected by sowing time. In case of sowing time, 15 May sowing produced the highest yield (836 kg/10a) and 30 May sowing produced the lowest yield (507 kg/10a). Therefore, 15 May sowing is best for better growth and yield of okra.