• 한국인구학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.27-49
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• 2010

이 연구는 시간압박의 개념을 중심으로 남녀에 따라 지각하는 시간압박수준이 어떻게 차이가 나고, 시간압박에 영향을 미치는 관련요인들에서의 성차가 무엇인지 살펴보고자 하였다. 자료는 2004년 생활시간자료를 활용하였다. 일하는 연령에 해당하는 25-54세의 기혼의 대상자들만을 선별하여 살펴본 분석결과, 첫째, 평균적으로 남성이 여성보다 시간압박을 더 많이 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 취업여부와 성의 조합형태로 살펴본 교차분석 결과에서는 취업남녀가 유사한 시간압박 수준을 나타내는 가운데 비취업여성, 비취업남성 순으로 시간압박을 지각하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 둘째, 시간압박을 종속으로 하는 순서화 로짓분석결과, 시간압박과 관련 있게 나타난 특성의 구성에서 남녀에 따른 차이점과 공통점이 함께 발견되었다. 남성의 경우 사회인구학적 특성과 직업특성과 관련된 특성 및 시간활용이 그들의 시간압박과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 여성의 경우에는 시간압박과의 관련요인들이 남성의 경우와 비교해 볼 때 더 다양하였다. 교육수준, 소득, 직종, 근무형태, 요일, 자녀연령을 비롯하여, 임금노동시간, 이동시간, 여가시간을 비롯하여, 돌봄노동시간, 가사노동시간 그리고 전화통화시간까지도 시간부족과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.425-428
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• 2003

Real time monitoring of object position is very important in Customs Free Zone like Incheon Airport and Incheon Harbor because all logistics must be controled spatially for effective management. Real time positioning system using GPS(Global Positioning System) is apt for the monitoring of logistics. In this study, we aims to develope real time monitoring system for logistics using GPS.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.188-203
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• 2023

Lysozymes are well-known antibacterial enzymes that mainly target the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. Animal lysozymes are mainly categorized as g-type, c-type, and i-type based on protein sequence and structural differences. In this study, c-type (AcLysC) and g-like-type (AcLysG-like) lysozymes from Amphiprion clarkii were characterized in silico via expressional and functional approaches. According to in silico analysis, open reading frames of AcLysC and AcLysG-like were 429 bp and 570 bp, respectively, encoding the corresponding polypeptide chains with 142 and 189 amino acids. Elevated expression levels of AcLysC and AcLysG-like were observed in the liver and the heart tissues, respectively, as evidenced by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. AcLysC and AcLysG-like transcript levels were upregulated in gills, head kidney, and blood cells following experimental immune stimulation. Recombinant AcLysC exhibited potent lytic activity against Vibrio anguillarum, whereas recombinant AcLysG-like showed remarkable antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi and Streptococcus parauberis, which was further evidenced by scanning electron microscopic imaging of destructed bacterial cell walls. The findings of this study collectively suggest the potential roles of AcLysC and AcLysG-like in host immune defense.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.220-228
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• 2020

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (AMX) is a cost-efficient biological nitrogen removal process. The coexistence of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in an AMX reactor is an interesting research topic as a nitrogen-related bacterial consortium. In this study, a sequencing batch reactor for AMX (AMX-SBR) was operated with a conventional activated sludge. The AOB in an AMX bioreactor were identified and quantified using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and real-time qPCR. A T-RFLP assay based on the ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) gene sequences showed the presence of Nitrosomonas europaea-like AOB in the AMX-SBR. A phylogenetic tree based on the sequenced amoA gene showed that AOB were affiliated with the Nitrosomonas europaea/mobilis cluster. Throughout the enrichment period, the AOB population was stable with predominant Nitrosomonas europaea-like AOB. Two OTUs of amoA_SBR_JJY_20 (FJ577843) and amoA_SBR_JJY_9 (FJ577849) are similar to the clones from AMX-related environments. Real-time qPCR was used to quantify AOB populations over time. Interestingly, the exponential growth of AOB populations was observed during the substrate inhibition of the AMX bacteria. The specific growth rate of AOB under anaerobic conditions was only 0.111 d^-1. The growth property of Nitrosomonas europaea-like AOB may provide fundamental information about the metabolic relationship between the AMX bacteria and AOB.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.859-862
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• 2015

In view of funding crunches and inadequate manpower in cytology in developing countries like India, single lifetime screening for cervical cancer has been suggested. In this study, an attempt was made to cscreening to make it more effective for early detection. Cytological data were derived from the ongoing routine cervical cytology screening program for women attending Gynaecology Out Patient Department of Queen Mary's Hospital of K.G.Medical University, Lucknow, India during a span of 35 years (April 1971 - December 2005). Cervical smears in a total of 38,256 women were cytologically evaluated. The frequencies of squamous intraepithelial lesions of cervix (SIL) and carcinoma cervix were found to be 7.0% and 0.6%, respectively, in the series. Predisposing factors related to cervical carcinogenesis were analyzed in detail to establish the most vulnerable groups of women for single life time screening. The incidence of SIL and carcinoma cervix was found to be maximal in women above the age of 40 years irrespective of parity and in multiparous women (with three or more children) irrespective of age. The incidence of cervical cytopathologies was significantly higher in symptomatic women, the frequency of SIL being alarmingly higher in women complaining of contact bleeding and that of carcinoma cervix in older women with postmenopausal bleeding. It is consequently felt that single life time screening must include the three groups of women delineated above. Such selective screening appears to be the most economical, cost effective and feasible approach to affordably control the menace of cervical cancer in developing countries like India.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.251-265
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• 2007

This study is a research on the etiology in Wu Youke's wenyi theory. In regard to the etiology of epidemic disease that had been spread on a very large scale at that time, Wu Youke denied the traditional theory which urged the irregular change of climate as the cause of epidemic disease, and proposed the concept of 'zaqi' which was considered by him to be something that could be the real cause of epidemic disease. And He treated the wenyi disease as something that has the same meaning with wenbing, so his concept on wenbing was basically the thing that treats 'zaqi' as the fundamental cause of wenbing and treats the concept of 'wen(溫)' as an environmental cause that could help activate the virulence of 'zaqi'. Such concept like this was the thing somewhat different from the traditional etiological theory that considers the change of climate as the principal cause of waigan(外感)-disease, and it must for the most part have been originated from the experience of Wu Youke himself. But this study, in contrast, based on the thing he denied the traditional theory on the irregular change of climate, has been done in the point of view that fundamental concept of his wenyi theory such as 'zaqi' was not only originated from his clinical experience but also from the influence of paradigm shift in the natural philosophy of that time. There had been so much change in cosmology and natural philosophy from the fundamental basis at that time, and the the most principal concept of it was that there always exists irregular faces in the change of nature. Such concept like this got into its stride from about 17th century, and it was expressed in the form of the severe criticism against the traditional natural philosophy. In regard to this, this study has outlined the academic thought of the leading scholars who made a significant progress in such a paradigm shift, and it includes the scholars like Wang Tingxiang, Wang Fuzhi, Hu Wei, Huang Zongxi, who played their role in the time of the latter period of Ming dynasty and the former period of Qing dynasty.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2019

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT), as a simple and versatile method, achieves successful transformation in the yeast-like cells (YLCs) of Tremella fuciformis with lower efficiency. Establishment of a more efficient transformation system of YLCs is important for functional genomics research and biotechnological application. In this study, an enzymolysis-assisted ATMT method was developed. The degradation degree of YLCs depends on the concentration and digestion time of Lywallzyme. Lower concentration (${\leq}0.1%$) of Lywallzyme was capable of formation of limited wounds on the surface of YLCs and has less influence on their growth. In addition, there is no significant difference of YLCs growth among groups treated with 0.1% Lywallzyme for different time. The binary vector pGEH under the control of T. fuciformis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpd) promoter was utilized to transform the enzymolytic wounded YLCs with different concentrations and digestion time. The results of PCR, Southern blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the T-DNA was integrated into the YLCs genome, suggesting an efficient enzymolysis-assisted ATMT method of YLCs was established. The highest transformation frequency reached 1200 transformants per $10^6$ YLCs by 0.05% (w/v) Lywallzyme digestion for 15 min, and the transformants were genetically stable. Compared with the mechanical wounding methods, enzymolytic wounding is thought to be a tender, safer and more effective method.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2010

Purpose: To minimize an interruption in chest compression, reduce the hands-off time, the American Heart Association has recommended the ratio of chest compression to ventilation ratio to 30:2 from 2005 CPR guideline to 2010 CPR guideline. However, current studies have shown that the hands-off time was > 10 seconds with that method. For this reason, we devised new CPR method that a ventilation to chest compression ratio of 2:30 to reduce pt assessment time and skipped the assessment step of carotid artery pulse would be a more effective way to reduce the hands-off time & the time to set the CPR. According to the more detailed purpose are listed below. 1) We would like to confirm efficiency of a ventilation to chest compression ratio of 2:30 than a chest compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2 to reduce the hands-off time & the time to set the CPR. 2) We would like to evaluate possibility of increasing for chest compression accuracy of a ventilation to chest compression ratio of 2:30 than a chest compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2 3) We would like to evaluate possibility of increasing for ventilation accuracy of a ventilation to chest compression ratio of 2:30 than a chest compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2 Methods: According to 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines, 60 paramedic students(20 students X freshmen, sophomore, junior) performed 5 cycles of 3~ chest compressions : 2 ventilations after A, B, C evaluation with Laerdal Resusci R Anne SkillReporters. After 5 minutes rest, the 60 students performed 5 cycles of 2 ventilations : 30 chest compressions after A, B evaluation with the manikins between 13 and 17 September 2010. The short reports including speed & accuracy of chest compression, respiratory, CPR cycle were gained from the manikins. Hands-off times were measured by assistants. Results: Recently, the importance of high quality CPR was emphasized in order to perform the CPR faster and more accurate. To find out improving the conventional CPR method, we switch the procedure of the compression and the ventilation. By switching the procedure back and forth, we are able to compare the effectiveness of CPR between two type of CPR method which are 2:30 and 30:2 methods. 2:30 is that the breaths is delivered twice, first and perform 30 compressions while 30:2 perform 30 compressions first and give 2 breaths followed by the ABC method. Also, we verify the effectiveness of the hands off time, compression accuracy of the compression through the comparison of the two procedure as mentioned earlier. Consequently research verified that 2:30 is the efficient by providing faster set up delivering more accurate chest compression. Conclusion: 2:30 can minimize a time delay from cardiac standstill until starting the chest compression. In addition, hands-off time which is an interruption in chest compression can be shortened by 2:30 method, which result to effective oxygenation of coronary artery & maintenance of the bloodstream. Once again, performing the 2:30 method provide lessen hands off time and increase the accuracy of the chest compression.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.428-435
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• 2016

Hundreds of millions of new posts and information are being uploaded and propagated everyday on Online Social Networks(OSN) like Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram. This paper proposes and implements a GPS-location based SNS data mapping, analysis, and visualization system, called Smart SNS Map, which collects SNS data from Twitter and Instagram using hundreds of PlanetLab nodes distributed across the globe. Like no other previous systems, our system uniquely supports a variety of functions, including GPS-location based mapping of collected tweets and Instagram photos, keyword-based tweet or photo searching, real-time heat-map visualization of tweets and instagram photos, sentiment analysis, word cloud visualization, etc. Overall, a system like this, admittedly still in a prototype phase though, is expected to serve a role as a sort of social weather station sooner or later, which will help people understand what are happening around the SNS users, systems, society, and how they feel about them, as well as how they change over time and/or space.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.618-623
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• 2006

Hydrogenated Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were prepared by the radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF PECVD) method on silicon substrates using methane $(CH_4)$ and hydrogen $(H_2)$ gas. The wear track on the DLC films was examined after the ball-on disk (BOD) measurement with a Raman mapping method. The BOD measurement of the DLC films was performed for 1 to 3 hours with a 1-hour step time. The sliding traces on the hydrogenated DLC film after the BOD measurement were also observed using an optical microscope. The surface roughness and cross-sectional images of the wear track were obtained using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The novel Raman mapping method effectively shows the graphitization of DLC films of $300{\mu}m\times300{\mu}m$ area according to the sliding time by G-peak positions (intensities) and $I_D/I_G$ ratios.