• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.6
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• pp.461-472
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• 2007

The emphasis in genome projects has Been moving towards the sequence analysis in order to extract biological "meaning"(e.g., evolutionary history of particular molecules or their functions) from the sequence. Especially. palindromic or direct repeats that appear in a sequence have a biophysical meaning and the problem is to recognize interesting patterns and configurations of words(strings of characters) over complementary alphabets. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to identify variable length palindromic pairs(longer than a threshold), where we can allow gaps(distance between words). The algorithm is called palindrome algorithm(PA) and has O(N) time complexity. A palindromic pair consists of a hairpin structure. By composing collected palindromic pairs we build n-pair palindromic patterns. In addition, we dot some of the longest pairs in a circle to represent the structure of a DNA sequence. We run the algorithm over several selected genomes and the results of E.coli K12 are presented. There existed very long palindromic pair patterns in the genomes, which hardly occur in a random sequence.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.516-524
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• 2008

This paper presents a new modeling technique for the simulation of cloth specific characteristics with a set of hard constraints using an implicit constraint enforcement scheme. A conventional explicit Baumgarte constraint stabilization method has several defects. It requires users to pick problem-dependent coefficients to achieve fast convergence and has inherent stabilization limits. The proposed implicit constraint enforcement method is stable with large time steps, does not require problem dependent feed-back parameters, and guarantees the natural physics-based motion of an object. In addition, its computational complexity is the same as the explicit Baumgarte method. This paper describes a formulation of implicit constraint enforcement and provides a constraint error analysis. The modeling technique for complex components of cloth such as seams, buttons, sharp creases, wrinkles, and prevention of excessive elongation are explained. Combined with an adaptive constraint activation scheme, the results using the proposed method show the substantial enhancement of the realism of cloth simulations with a corresponding savings in computational cost.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.116-138
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• 2012

As in the other fields of mechanics, analytical methods represent an important analysis tool in marine hydrodynamics. The analytical approach is interesting for different reasons : it gives reference results for numerical codes verification, it gives physical insight into some complicated problems, it can be used as a simplified predesign tool, etc. This approach is of course limited to some simplified geometries (cylinders, spheres, ...), and only the case of one or more cylinders, truncated or not, will be considered here. Presented methods are basically eigenfunction expansions whose complexity depends on the boundary conditions. The hydrodynamic boundary value problem (BVP) is formulated within the usual assumptions of potential flow and is additionally simplified by the perturbation method. By using this approach, the highly nonlinear problem decomposes into its linear part and the higher order (second, third, ...) corrections. Also, periodicity is assumed so that the time dependence can be factorized i.e. the frequency domain formulation is adopted. As far as free surface flows are concerned, only cases without or with small forward speed are sufficiently simple to be solved semi-analytically. The problem of the floating body advancing in waves with arbitrary forward speed is far more complicated. These remarks are also valid for the general numerical methods where the case of arbitrary forward speed, even linearized, is still too difficult from numerical point of view, and "it is fair to say that there exists at present no general practical numerical method for the wave resistance problem" [9], and even less for the general seakeeping problem. We note also that, in the case of bluff bodies like cylinders, the assumptions of the potential flow are justified only if the forward speed is less than the product of wave amplitude with wave frequency.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.337-366
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• 2017

This study examines the acquisition of the multiple semantic functions of the Korean adverbial particle -ey by L1 American English learners of Korean as a second language at U.S. institutions. Participants at beginning, intermediate, and advanced proficiency levels (N = 45) were tested on the ability to interpret and produce five of the meanings of -ey, which they had been taught in formal classroom settings in the first semester of their Korean language learning. The results show different developmental trajectories for the particle's different semantic functions. The findings of a statistical analysis indicate that the beginning and intermediate proficiency learners had largely acquired the time, goal, and stative location meanings, but not the contact and unit meanings; the advanced learners demonstrated acquisition of all except for the unit meaning. The study suggests that in addition to factors such as semantic complexity and cross-linguistic influence, several other factors including L2 frequency, the availability of linguistic input, and instructional method also contribute to the acquisition of -ey.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.655-666
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• 2021

This study aims to classify wearable devices for infants and children according to their function, and to analyze the types and attachment methods of the devices by function, operating system, characteristics of materials, and types of batteries, and to identify the points for improvement. Forty-eight types of devices investigated through previous studies and keyword research online were analyzed. Wearable devices for infants and children were classified according to their functions into wearable monitors, wearable thermometers, GPS trackers, and smart watches. Devices had different shapes and attachment methods according to their functions, and were mainly clothes or accessory types. The accessory type devices were attached to the body using velcro, clips, bands, or adhesives. Wearable monitors and thermometers mainly used Bluetooth to transmit data wirelessly, and location trackers used various combinations of 4G(LTE), 5G networks, GPS, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. Smartwatches had different functions depending on whether smart phones were linked to them or not. Wearable monitors and thermometers mainly used by infants provided material information, but other devices did not. These devices used rechargeable, replaceable, non-rechargeable or non-replaceable batteries. Wearable devices need to be improved to reduce the discomfort experienced by infants and children due to the attachment position, malfunction, skin trouble caused by materials, short time of use of batteries, version conflict and complexity with the device when linking with a smart phone, and non-operation when using Bluetooth.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.265-274
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• 2018

Objectives: A positive association between air pollution and both the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported in some epidemiologic and animal studies, but little research has evaluated the relationship between air pollution and diabetic coma. Diabetic coma is an acute complication of DM caused by diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, which is characterized by extreme hyperglycemia accompanied by coma. We conducted a time-series study with a generalized additive model using a distributed-lag non-linear model to assess the association between ambient air pollution (particulate matter less than $10{\mu}m$ in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide [$NO_2$], sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone) and emergency department (ED) visits for DM with coma in Seoul, Korea from 2005 to 2009. Methods: The ED data and medical records from the 3 years previous to each diabetic coma event were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service to examine the relationship with air pollutants. Results: Overall, the adjusted relative risks (RRs) for an interquartile range (IQR) increment of $NO_2$ was statistically significant at lag 1 (RR, 1.125; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.039 to 1.219) in a single-lag model and both lag 0-1 (RR, 1.120; 95% CI, 1.028 to 1.219) and lag 0-3 (RR, 1.092; 95% CI, 1.005 to 1.186) in a cumulative-lag model. In a subgroup analysis, significant positive RRs were found for females for per-IQR increments of $NO_2$ at cumulative lag 0-3 (RR, 1.149; 95% CI, 1.022 to 1.291). Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that ambient air pollution, specifically $NO_2$, is associated with ED visits for diabetic coma.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.143-153
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose "flexible routing with flex" to provide fast delivery by using the flexible routing for the delivery vehicle and crowd-shipper named flex. To this end, we have introduced an algorithm that can build the delivery plan for delivery vehicles and flexes. The introduced algorithm uses the 2-opt algorithm to construct routes with low complexity and acceptable quality, and the revised saving algorithm to assign customer orders to the flex. The algorithm allows the vehicle and the flex to function complement each other without separating the delivery vehicle from the flex. The experiments consider the 3 different instances named Random, Mixed, Cluster, and show that "the flexible routing with flex" has a better result than "vehicle only". The sensitivity analysis of the flex cost and time penalty shows "the flexible routing with flex" can provide better service not only to the customers who are serviced by flex but also to the customers who are serviced by the delivery vehicle.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2021

The corporate environment is undergoing many changes as the transition to a knowledge-based economy accelerates. Many changes are taking place in China, including the strategy of Chinese manufacturer 2025. It has no role in the manufacturing plant and is striving to lead the industry based on advanced technology. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to understand one's own mechanism as a result of technological innovation of Chinese companies. Therefore, in this study, based on the previous study, in the Delphi survey, eight factors were finally derived, and the eight factors were surveyed by practitioners of Chinese companies about their own mechanism. As a result of analysis, the importance of one's mechanism based on the industry as a whole is patent, design registration, lead time, confidentiality, complementary manufacturing, complementary sales and services, design complexity, learning curve effect / economies of scale. In turn, its importance appeared. The results of this study may help corporate practitioners develop their intellectual property strategic plans through their own mechanisms that are tailored to their company.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.105-116
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• 1997

Routing security is related to the confidentiality of the route taken by the data transmitted over the network. If the route is detected by the adversary, the probability is higher that the data are lost or the data can be intercepted by the adversary. Therefore, the route must be protected. To accomplish this, we select an intermediate node secretly and transmit the data using this intermediate node, instead of sending the data to the destination node using the shortest path. Furthermore, if we use a number of secret routes from the starting node to the destination node, data security is much stronger since we can transmit partial data rather than the entire data along a secret route. In this paper, the routing algorithm for multiple secret paths on MRNS(Mixed Radix Number System) Network, which requires O(1) for the time complexity where is the number of links on a node, is presented employing the HCLS(Hamiltonian Circuit Latin Square) and is analyzed in terms of entropy.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.533-544
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• 2021

Using Shor algorithm, factoring and discrete logarithm problem can be solved effectively. The public key cryptography, such as RSA and ECC, based on factoring and discrete logarithm problem can be broken in polynomial time using Shor algorithm. NIST has been conducting a PQC(Post Quantum Cryptography) standardization process to select quantum-resistant public key cryptography. The multivariate quadratic based signature scheme, which is one of the PQC candidates, is suitable for IoT devices with limited resources due to its short signature and fast sign and verify process. We analyzes classic attacks and quantum attacks for Rainbow which is the only multivatiate quadratic based signature scheme to be finalized up to the round 3. Also we compute the attack complexity for the round 3 Rainbow parameters, and analyzes the security level of Rainbow, one of the PQC standardization candidates.