• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2000

It is commonly believed that the branchial anomalies are remnants of the branchial apparatus. Third and fourth branchial pouch anomaly is an extremely rare disease involving the branchial apparatus. Virtually mostly reported cases have been on the left side and has been identified in recurrent suppurative thyroiditis, retropharyngeal abscess and repeated episodes of cellulitis, neck swelling, lateral neck fistula. Recently the authors have experienced a case of left piriform sinus fistula accompanied with left suppurative thyroiditis, presumably of fourth branchial origin in a 50-years old male patients, which was successfully treated with coagulation, and so report this case with summary of branchial anomaly by the some review of the literatures.

• International journal of thyroidology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2017

Sweet's syndrome, or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, occurs in association with autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis but is rare in Graves' disease, in which all cases are induced by propylthiouracil (PTU). We report a case of Sweet's syndrome in a patient with Graves' disease treated with methimazole (MMI) during three weeks. A 34-year-old man presented with the acute onset of high fever, skin rashes on the whole body, arthralgia, and acroparesthesia. Laboratory results showed leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein. MMI first stopped and antibiotics and antihistamine therapy started, but his symptoms dramatically improved after oral prednisolone. Graves' disease has again been treated by MMI because of his aggravated ophthalmopathy. After one year of retreatment with MMI, there has been no recurrence of Sweet's syndrome, supporting that Sweet's syndrome in this case was not related to MMI exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Sweet's syndrome associated with Graves' disease per se but not PTU or MMI use.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1973.11a
• /
• pp.50.2-50.2
• /
• 1973

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2010

Primary thyroid lymphoma is a relatively rare thyroid tumor and usually a non-Hodgkin type. Its most common histologic type is the diffuse large B cell lymphoma followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT). It is known to be frequently associated with autoimmune thyroiditis such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We report three cases of thyroid lymphoma at a single institution with are view of the literature.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.36 no.2 s.141
• /
• pp.88-92
• /
• 2005

Apoptosis plays an important role in autoimmune chronic (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis, a disorder that often results in hypothyroidism. The goal of this study was to induce apoptosis by the combination of inflammatory cytokines, interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, and to investigate a potential role of medicinal plants in the thyroid follicular cells (FRTL) in vitro. The apoptosis was evaluated by cellular viability, DNA fragmentation, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Extract of Gamgung-tang (GGT, Glycyrrhizae Radix, black beans, Angelicae Radix, and Cnidii Rhizoma) $(0.3{\sim}9.0mg/ml)$ was shown to maintain the viability of cells treated with $IFN-{\gamma}(100U/ml)$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ (0.5 ng/ml). FRTL cells were found to undergo DNA fragmentation with the inflammatory cytokines. The extract of GGT inhibited DNA fragmentation in dose-dependent manner. The cells with TUNEL-positive nuclei were detected with $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ treatment. The number of TUNEL-positive cells decreased with the treatment of extract of GGT. These results indicate that medicinal plants inhibit the occurrence of apoptosis in thyroid follicular cells, therefore, may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of autoimmune chronic thyroiditis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.934-937
• /
• 2005

Inflammatory cytokine, abundantly produced in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, induced Fas expression in normal thyrocytes. We determined that susceptibility to Fas-activated apoptosis could be influenced by inflammatory cytokine and investigated a potential role of Gamgung-tang (GGT, Glycyrrhizae Radix, black beans, Angelicae Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma) in the thyroid follicular cells. $IL-1\beta$ was able to induce Fas expression in normal thyrocytes. GGT inhibited $IL-1\beta-induced$ Fas expression. Thyroid follicular cells were found to undergo DNA fragmentation with the inflammatory cytokines. GGT inhibited DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that GGT inhibit Fas-mediated apoptosis in thyroid follicular cells, therefore, may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of autoimmune chronic thyroiditis.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2008

Although subacute granulomatous thyroiditis(SGT) is usually diagnosed clinically, papillary carcinoma or other thyroid conditions must be considered in the differential diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and fine-needle aspiration(FNA) cytologic findings seen in 10 SGT cases to decide what are the most reliable cytologic findings and the most helpful molecular tools for reaching a confident cytologic diagnosis. The most representative smear slides were retrieved to perform immunocytochemistry for cytokeratin 19(CK19) and Ret protein. Five papillary carcinomas(PTCs) were included as controls. The constant and typical cytologic findings of SGT were multinucleated giant cells(MGCs) (100%), epithelioid granulomas(90%), an inflammatory dirty background(90%) and plump transformed follicular cells(80%) without fire-flare cells, oncocytic cells or transformed lymphocytes. The immunoreactivities for CK19(37.5%) and Ret(10%) of the follicular cells of SGT were less than those(CK19 and Ret:100%) of PTC. CK19 immunoreactivity of the MGCs was seen in only one case of PTC. There was no significant difference between CK19 and Ret immunocytochemical staining for the MGCs of both SGT and PTC. The results of this study demonstrate that the cytological diagnosis of SGT can be improved by employing a combination of the typical and constant diagnostic cytological features and immunocytochemical results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.84 no.5
• /
• pp.1146-1151
• /
• 2023

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare malignancy that originates from the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disease and is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Previous studies have frequently discussed the association among HT, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and thyroid lymphoma. However, there have been few reports on the ultrasonographic findings of concomitant HT and MTC. In the present case, a heterogeneous hypoechoic background parenchymal echogenicity, with intraglandular echogenic strands, and increased vascularity were observed. A concurrent, ill-defined, parallel-oriented, heterogeneous hypoechoic mass with central microcalcifications was located at the left thyroid gland, consistent with reported US findings of medullary thyroid carcinoma except for an ill-defined margin in our case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study were to analyze the clinical correlation between the thyroid autoimmune antibodies (anti-TPO Ab, anti-TG Ab, and TSH) and the maximum standardized uptake value ($SUV_{max}$) base on the Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the Graves' disease in diffusely $^{18}F-FDG$ uptake of the thyroid gland to the PET/CT image. To achieve this, we was performed the PET/CT examination for the 1,097 subjects from May 2010 to April 2013 in the health screening, and was detected the diffused FDG thyroid uptake, and was additionally performed the thyroid function test (TFT) and the ultrasound (US). As a results, the autoimmune thyroid disease with the diffused FDG thyroid uptake were discovered 39 patients (3.9%), of this, the Hashimoto's thyroiditis was 43.6% and the Graves' disease was 23.1%. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was shown the positive reaction of high titer between the anti-TPO Ab and the anti-TG Ab level, and the correlation coefficient between the $SUV_{max}$ and the anti-TPO Ab was a statistically significant (r>04, p<0.05). Also, Graves' disease was shown the positive reaction of high titer most of the thyroid autoimmune antibodies, and the correlation coefficient between the $SUV_{max}$ and the anti-TPO Ab was a statistically significant (r>05, p<0.01). Therefor, when have a high standard of the $SUV_{max}$ due to the diffusely $^{18}F-FDG$ uptake of the thyroid gland, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease were proportionally increased the anti-TPO Ab and TSH level, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the $SUV_{max}$ and the thyroid autoimmune antibodies will be the most influential criterion that was a standard of judgment for the epihpenomenon of the autoimmune thyroid disease, and it will be available for the clinical application.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.13-26
• /
• 1973

In order to study the role of LATS in the pathogenesis of the Graves' disease, the serum activity of the LATS was determined by the bioassay of the modified McKenzie method. The subjects examined in the study consisted of 76 individuals including 12 cases of normal control, 54 cases with typical Graves' disease and 10 cases of chronic thyroiditis. The data observed in the patients with the Graves' disease were analyzed in comparison with the clinical features, laboratory findings, and responsiveness to the treatment. The results obtained are as follows: 1. None of the subjects which did not have the Graves' disease showed a positive LATS activity, except one case with the chronic thyroiditis. 2. Twenty-two out of the 54 cases with the Graves' disease showed positive results for LATS(40.7%). The positivity was significantly higher in the patients who had been treated with anti. thyroid regimen but still showed hyperthyroidism than in the patients who had not been treated. 3. The activity of LATS was gradually decreased or even became absent as the hyperthyroidism was corrected after the treatment. 4. No significant difference was noticed in age & sex between the positive and negative groups of LATS. 5. There was no evidence of significant correlation between the LATS activity and clinical features.