• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.274-283
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• 2004

한국산 지렁이 (Lumbricus rubellus) 분쇄액으로부터 연속적인 column chromatography로 6종의 lumbrokinase (LK) fractions를 얻었다. 여섯 종의 LK fractions의 분자량은 24.6∼33.1 kDa 사이였다. rat venous thrombosis를 이용한 실험모델에서, LK분획을 oral administration한 쥐에서 thrombus 중량은 유의하게 감소하였고, APTT, PT와 plasmin 활성도 유의하게 증가하였고, PAI activity도 유의하게 감소하였다. rat platelets를 LK 분획으로 전 처리하였을 때에 thrombin에 의한 응고는 억제되었고, MDA 생산도 감소되었다. 쥐의 흉 대동맥과 장간막동맥을 phenylephrine으로 수축을 시킨 후에 LK 분획을 각각 처리하였을 때에 혈관이 이완되었다. 상기의 결과는 LK분획이 fibrinolytic activity 뿐만 아니라 platelet 응집의 억제와 혈관의 이완작용에도 영향을 준다는 것을 의미한다. 결론적으로 LK는 fibrin clot치료를 위한 hemolytic agent로서 유용하다고 판단한다. 2-아릴프로피온산 계열의 키랄 의약품의 효소적 dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) 공정에서 라세미화 염기촉매로 트리옥틸아민이 지금까지 주로 사용되어 왔으나 반응매질에 녹은 상태로 작용해 회수 및 재사용이 어려웠다. 본 연구에서는 이를 개선하고자 라세미화 반응을 위한 고효율 고체 염기를 탐색해 보았다. 45$^{\circ}C$, 아이소옥탄 내에서 (S)-나프록센 2,2,2-트리플로로에틸 씨오에스터를 기질로 무기 염기류, 염기성 음이온교환수지류, resin-bound 염기류 등을 시험한 결과, 약 염기성 음이온교환수지인 DIAION WA30을 사용하였을 때 가장 효과적이었다. DIAION WA30의 2차 interconversion constant (k＊$_{int}$)는 8.6${\times}$$10^{-4}$ m $M^{-l}$ $h^{-1}$이며 동일한 실험조건 하에서 수행한 트리옥틸아민 (k＊$_{int}$ =2.5${\times}$$10^{-4}$ m $M^{-1}$ $h^{-1}$)에 비해 약 3배가 높았다. 효소 활성에 필수적인 물의 양에 따른 DIAION WA30의 라세미화 효율에 관하여 실험한 결과, 물의 양이 증가할수록 그 효율은 감소하였다. DIAION WA30을 라세미화 촉매로 사용하여 아이소옥탄 내에서 라세믹 나프록센 2,2,2-트리플로로에틸 씨오에스터의 효소적 DKR 반응을 수행해 보았다. 그 결과 DIAION WA30을 사용하지 않은 경우에 비해 반응 전환율과 생성물의 광학 순도는 급격히 향상되었다. 전통적 광학분할 반응의 최대 50%라는 전환율의 제한이 본 연구에서 찾은 DIAION WA30을 첨가함으로써 성공적으로 극복되었다. 또한 고체 염기촉매인 DIAION WA30의 사용은 라세미화 촉매의 회수 및 재사용이 가능하게 해준다.해준다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.435-441
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• 1998

Alginase$Alginase^{ⓡ}$ (Arginine esterase) is one of the snake venoms which is mainly consisted of arginine esterase and acts as a thrombus -forming inhibitor/thrombus-lysin. These present studies were performed to investigate of the acute and subacute toxicity of the Alginase$Alginase^{ⓡ}$ in rats. In acute toxicity study, rats were single administered intravenously with dosages of 0.001, 0.01. 0.1, 1 and 10U/kg B.W. and examined the number of death, clinical sign, body weight and pathological change for 7days after administration of Alginase$Alginase^{ⓡ}$. At maximum dose level (10U/kg B.W.), Alginase$Alginase^{ⓡ}$ induced symptoms of shock with cyanosis and dyspnea. But these symptoms dissappeared after 30~50 minutes and we could not find any other toxic effect in rats. Therefore, $LD_{50}$ Value of Alginase was over 10U/kg B.W. in rats. In four-week intravenous toxicity study of Alginase$Alginase^{ⓡ}$, rats were administered intravenously seven days per week for 28 days, with dosages of 0, 0.0125, 0.125 and 1.25U/kg B.W./day, respectively. Alginase$Alginase^{ⓡ}$ did not caused any death and showed any clinical signs in rats. No significant Alginase$Alginase^{ⓡ}$ -related changes were found in feed uptake, water consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, ocular examination, organ weight and histopathological examination. From the results, Alginase$Alginase^{ⓡ}$ seems not to have any toxic effect in rats when it were given daily intravenous injections below the dosage 1.25U/kg B.W./day for four weeks.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.336-343
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• 1999

담자균류로부터 치매 예방 및 치료 효과를 갖는 생물활성물질을 탐색하기 위한 기초 자료를 확립하기 위하여 56종의 배양 균사체 메탄을 추출물 및 배양 여액의 ethylacetate(EtOAc) 가용성 분획에 대하여 prolylendopeptidase(PEP), acetylcholine esterase(AChE) 및 혈전 응고에 대한 저해활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 PEP에 대하여 Amanita aspera, Phellinus chrysoloma의 균사체 추출물 및 배양여액의 EtOAc 가용성 분획이 40ppm에서 모두 90% 이상의 저해활성을 나타내었으며 분홍껍질고약버섯(Peniophora quercina), 잎새버섯(Grifola frondosa), Wolfiporia extensa, 좀나무싸리버섯(Clavicorona pyxidata) 및 Phanerochaete soy교교의 배양액이 90% 이상의 저해활성을 나타내었다. AChE에 대하여는 40ppm 농도에서 어느 것도 강한 활성을 나타내지 못하였으나 조개껍질버섯(Lenzites betulina), Phellinus chrysoloma, Wolfiporia extensa, Phanerochaete sordida의 균사체 추출물과 Hypocrea nigricans, Coriolus azureus, 팽나무버섯(Flammuzina velutipes), Phlebiopsis gigantea 및 Bondarzewia montana의 배양여액 EtOAc 가용성 분획이 40% 정도의 저해활성을 나타내었다. 한편 혈전응고 저해활성의 지표로 삼은 thrombin times(TT) assay에서는 Amanita aspera, Oxyporus latemarginata, 분홍껍질고약버섯(Peniophora quercina), 말굽버섯(Fomes fomefarius)의 배양여액 EtOAc 추출물과 Clitocybe clavipes, Trametes versicolor, Phlebiopsis gigantea의 균사체 추출물이 550 ppn의 농도에서 혈전 생성에 걸리는 시간을 2배 내지 3배 연장하는 효과를 나타내었으나 activated partial thromplastin times(APTT) assay에서는 어느 것도 효과를 인정할 수 없었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.532-536
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• 2009

우회로 조성술은 폐색으로 인한 혈관 질환에서 혈류의 연속성을 유지하기 위하여 기존의 주행 경로와는 다른 해부학적 경로를 생성하는 방법으로, 해부학적 우회로 조성술 및 외 해부학적 우회로 조성술이 시행되고 있다. 특히 외해부학적 우회로 조성술은 고유 혈관의 해부학적 회로 조성술의 위험성이 높은 환자군에서 주로 시행되며, 이러한 위험 인자로는 고령, 감염, 이전의 수술 및 외상 등을 고려할 수 있다. 96세인 고령의 환자가 좌측 장골 동맥의 폐색으로 우측 대퇴 동맥에서 좌측 대퇴 동맥으로의 성공적인 우회로 조성술을 7년 전에 시행 받았고 특별한 문제없이 지내던 중, 술 후 7년 뒤에 특별한 원인 없이 갑자기 야기된 자발성 가성 동맥류가 발생하여 수술적 치료를 받았고 이는 이전 수술 부위의 봉합 부위에서 야기된 것으로 추정되었으며 기질성 혈전으로 진단되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2013

Objectives: This study examined the effects of 8 types of herbal prescriptions prescribed to alleviate dementia symptoms in a rat model of arterial thrombosis induced by ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$). Methods: Thirty minutes before 35% $FeCl_3$ treatment, SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with the 8 types of herbal prescriptions, respectively. We tested the effects of the herbal prescriptions on time to occlusion (TTO) in an arterial thrombosis model using a laser Doppler flow meter. In addition, thrombus weight (TW) and collagen fiber damages were evaluated in the same condition. Results: Herbal prescriptions showed the following rank-order based on their TTO: Chong-myung-tang (CMT) > modified Jangwonhan 02 (LMK02) > Toki-shakuyaku-san (TSS) ${\geq}$ Oren-gedoku-to (OGT) ${\geq}$ Yokukansan (YKS). In particular, CMT (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and LMK02 (100 mg/kg, i.p.) delayed the TTO the most ($14.83{\pm}0.98$ and $13.67{\pm}1.03$ min, respectively) compared with the vehicle group ($7.95{\pm}0.78$ min, P<0.001). In addition, CMT, LMK02, and OGT treatment ($0.63{\pm}0.01$, $0.66{\pm}0.02$ and $0.67{\pm}0.01$ mg/mm, respectively) significantly reduced thrombus weight compared with the vehicle treatment ($0.78{\pm}0.03$, P<0.001) and also alleviated collagen fiber damage (CMT; $28.40{\pm}2.22$%, LMK02; $30.79 {\pm} 4.07$%, OGT; $26.20{\pm}1.48$%) in the vessels injured by $FeCl_3$. Therefore, CMT and LMK02 showed the greatest preventive activity in rat model of arterial thrombosis induced by $FeCl_3$. Conclusions: These results provide experimental evidence for traditional use of herbal prescriptions, suggesting that CMT and LMK02 extracts could be used to prevent vascular injury and thrombosis in the early stages of dementia.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2017

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are conditions with significant morbidity and mortality. Proximal DVT has a significant association with PE and possible fatal outcomes. Traditionally, PE is subdivided into symptomatic PE and asymptomatic PE, which have different treatments, preventions and prognoses. The growing utilization of computed tomography pulmonary angiography has led to increased detection of PE in DVT patients. This study examined the clinical characteristics and compared symptomatic PE and asymptomatic PE following proximal DVT. Methods: The medical records of 258 DVT inpatients from July, 2012 to June, 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. After excluding the patients who did not performed PE evaluation and were not diagnosed with PE, 95 patients diagnosed with PE following proximal DVT were enrolled in this study. They were divided into the symptomatic PE group and asymptomatic PE group. Results: The body weight, body mass index, thrombus size, thrombus length and location were similar in the two groups. The symptomatic PE following proximal DVT group showed an older age, higher incidence of emergency department access (85.0% vs. 38.7%, p<0.001) and preceding infection (25.0% vs. 1.3%, p<0.001) as well as a higher incidence of immobilization (45.0% vs 13.3%, p=0.016). In the multivariate logistic regression study, preceding infection and emergency department access showed significant association with symptomatic PE. Conclusion: In proximal DVT inpatients, symptomatic PE was associated with emergency department access and preceding infection. The possibility of a symptomatic PE event should be considered in proximal DVT patients, especially those who were admitted through the emergency department and had preceding infection.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2013

Objective : Neurologic complications during carotid artery stenting (CAS) are usually associated with distal embolic event. These embolic incident during CAS are highly associated with the carotid plaque instability. The current study was undertaken to identify the angiographic characteristics of carotid plaque vulnerability, which was represented as filling defect in the cerebral protection filters during CAS. Methods : A total of 107 patients underwent CAS with use of a distal protection filter. Angiographic carotid plaque surface morphology was classified as smooth, irregular, and ulcerated. To determine predictable factors of filling defect in the protection filters, 11 variables were retrospectively analyzed which might influence filling defect in the protection filters during CAS. Results : Filling defects during CAS were presented in the 33 cerebral protection filters. In multivariate analysis, angiographic ulceration [odds ratio (OR), 6.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) : 2.24, 19.4; p=0.001], higher stenosis degree (OR, 1.06; 95% CI : 1.00, 1.12; p=0.039), and coexistent thrombus (OR, 7.58; 95% CI : 1.69, 34.05; p=0.08) were highly associated with filling defect in the cerebral protection devices during CAS. Among several variables, angiographic surface ulceration was the only significant factor associated with flow stagnation during CAS (OR, 4.11; 95% CI : 1.33, 12.72; p=0.014). Conclusion : Plaque surface morphology on carotid angiography can be a highly sensitive marker of plaque instability during CAS. The independent risk factors for filling defect in the filter devices during CAS were plaque ulceration, stenosis degree, and coexistent thrombus.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.404-420
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• 1991

Surgical treatment of congenital and acquired heart disease preceded the development of accurate techniques for diagnosis, heart lung machine and cardiopulmonary bypass, intraoperative myocardial protection, operative techniques and cardiac anesthesia. For 5 years from Sep. 1985 to Sep. 1990, six hundred cases of open heart surgeries [OHS] were performed in the department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The annual number of OHS[cases per year] was above 100 since 1987, and the increasing rate of cases was 23.5% per year since 1986. 2. Among the total 600 cases, there were 470 cases of congenital heart diseases and 130 cases of acquired. Age range of the congenital patients was 8 months to 44 years with the mean age of 10 years, and acquired patients was 16 to 56 years with the mean age of 36 years. 3. Among the 470 congenital anomalies, there were 429 cases of acyanotic and 41 cyanotic patients. Totally, VSD was 286 cases[60.6%], ASD 103 cases[21.9%], TOF 35 cases [7.4%], PS 20 cases [4.1%], ECD 12 cases [2.0%], Ebstein`s anomaly 3 cases [0.6%], Valsalva sinus rupture 3 cases [0.6%] and others. The appropriate one stage radical operations were applied to the all congenital cases with the result of 2.6% immediate postoperative hospital mortality rate. 4. Among the 130 acquired cases, there were 122 cases of valvular heart diseases, 6 of heart tumors [5 myxoma, one malignant histiocytoma], one of LA thrombus and one of annuloaortic ectasia. Cardiac tumors and LA thrombus were removed through the atrial septal approach. Bentall procedure was adopted to the annuloaortic ectasia case. AVR, MVR and TVA [DeVega procedure] were applied to 120 valve diseases, and there were also one of OMC and one of MVA[Jerome-Kay procedure]. 5. Among the 120 valve replacement cases, there were 87 of single valve replacement cases [AVR: 8, MVR: 79], 11 of double valve replacement [AVR+MVR: 11], 12 of MVR+TVR and 10 of MVR+AVR+TVA. The total number of implanted prosthetic valves were 141. In MVR, 45 of St. Jude Medical valves, 63 of Carpentier-Edward valves and 4 of Ionescu-Shiley valves were used. In AVR, 18 of St. Jude Medical valves and 11 of Carpentier-Edward valves were used. in MVR, 29mm and 31mm sized valves were used mostly and In AVR, 23mm sized valves were used mostly. 6. Postoperatively many kinds of complications were occurred. Among them, wound problems [30 cases], low output syndrome [29 cases], arrhythmia [20 cases], pleural effusion and pneumothorax [13 cases] were occurred frequently. The postoperative immediate hospital mortality was 3.0% in total [congenital 2.6%, acquired 4.6%].

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate antithrombotic activities of Saegeumsan (瑞金散, SGS) which has effects of activating blood, removing thrombus. This study is designed to measure the effect which was given to blood flow rate through the regular volume of glass tube after the blood was diluted five times with ACD solution. Antithrombotic effect was calculated as a percentage of the experimental animal figure protected from the paralysis of hind legs or death of the mouse that is caused from the administration of platelet aggregation regent. We standardized the time when the experimental animals were incapable of functioning the hind legs more than 20 minutes or maintained trembling. Being classified one group of eight mice, each of them was divided into Normal, Control, and SGS. The normal group supplied a saline solution and the control group brought the dextran extravasated blood after an hour of administering the saline solution. Also, SGS was dissolved in $2m{\ell}$ saline solution and then we dosed it to the experimental mice with Oral Zonde one day before the experiment. After that, the mice were abstained from food. And then we gave a measured amount of it before an hour. Finally, it gave rise to dextran extravasated blood in the same way as the Control group. The results were obtained as follows, SGS significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine when analyzed by the Sigmoid $E_{max}$ model in WinNonlin. $EC_{50}$ values of SGS were 4.61 mg/ml and 12.41 mg/ml for ADP and epinephrine respectively. SGS showed fibrinolytic activity insignificantly as compared with the control group. SGS increased blood flow rate significantly as compared with the control group in vitro. SGS inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine(inhibitive rate is 37.5 %). SGS increased number of platelet and fibrinogen amount significantly, and shortened PT and APTT as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. According to, SGS is effective antithrombotic activity from experimental result.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.405-413
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• 2019

Objective : We evaluated efficacy of combining proximal balloon guiding catheter (antegrade flow arrest) and distal access catheter (aspiration at the site of occlusion) in thrombectomy for anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 116 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy with stent retriever. The patients were divided by the techniques adopted, the combined technique (proximal balloon guiding catheter and large bore distal access catheter) group (n=57, 49.1%) and the conventional (guiding catheter with stent retriever) technique group (n=59, 50.9%). We evaluated baseline characteristics (epidemiologic data, clinical and imaging characteristics) and procedure details (the number of retrieval attempts, procedure time), as well as angiographic (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score, distal thrombus migration) and clinical outcome (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at discharge, modified Rankin Scale [mRS] at 3 months) of them. Results : The number of retrieval attempts was lower (p=0.002) and the first-pass successful reperfusion rate was higher (56.1% vs. 28.8%; p=0.003) in the combined technique group. And the rate of final result of TICI score 3 was higher (68.4% vs. 28.8%; p<0.01) and distal thrombus migration rate was also lower (15.8% vs. 40.7%; p=0.021) in the combined technique group. Early strong neurologic improvement (improvement of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ${\geq}11$ or National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ${\leq}1$ at discharge) rate (57.9% vs. 36.2%; p=0.02) and favorable clinical outcome (mRS at 3 months ${\leq}2$) rate (59.6% vs. 33.9%; p=0.005) were also better in the combined technique group. Conclusion : The combined technique needs lesser attempts, decreases distal migration, increases TICI 3 reperfusion and achieves better clinical outcomes.