• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.904-913
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of exercise programs on the treatment of chronic diseases. For this purpose, nine middle-aged women suffering from such chronic diseases as obesity, hypertension and coronary heart disease(CHD) were sampled to perform a 4-month-long exercise program which required the lactate threshold(LT) level corresponding to 70% of maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max). Thereupon, their physiques, physical fitness, blood components and physiological varibles were compared pre and post of exercise program. The results were summarized as follows ; 1) After the 4-month-long exercise program, %fat was significantly decreased, while such variables as grip strength, side step, trunk flexion and leg balance were significantly increased. 2) Blood components such as TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, hemoglobin and hematocrit did not show and change in after exercise program. 3) Physiological varables such as HR, SBP, DBP, HR/LT, SBP/LT, DBP/LT, RPE/LT, VE/LT, VO2/LT and VO2 max showed significant increase after 4-month exercise program. These results suggest that regular aerobic exercise in a long period might help to decrease % fat and to increase aerobic capacity in middle-aged women suffering from chronic diseases.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.35-39
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• 2015

The developmental responses of insects to temperature are important considerations in gaining a better understanding of their ecology and life histories. Temperature-dependent phenology models permit examination of the effects of temperature on the geographical distributions, population dynamics, and management of insects. Measurements of insect developmental and survival responses to temperature pose practical challenges that depend on the chosen modality, variability among individuals, and high mortality rates near the lower and upper threshold temperatures. Different temperature levels can significantly affect larval development of Eurema hecabe. The development of E. hecabe reared on leaves of Lespedeza cuneata was investigated at three temperature regimes (20, 25, and 30℃), a relative humidity of 60%, and a light:dark photoperiod of 14:10 h. The developmental time from larva to adult was 34.3, 20.6, and 17.9 d at temperatures of 20, 25, and 30℃, respectively. Pupal rate was 47.6%, 47.6%, and 61.9% at temperatures of 20, 25, and 30℃, respectively. The developmental threshold temperature estimated from larva to pupae was 8.1℃ with 381.7 degree-days. There is an increasing need for a standardized manual for rearing this butterfly species based on adequate knowledge of its ecology.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.409-412
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• 2008

This study were evaluated the corrosion threshold reached at steel reinforcement in latex modified concrete(LMC). Accelerated testing was accomplished to the evalate the diffusion coefficient of LMC mix, and the time dependent constants of diffusion. Also, average chloride diffusion coefficient was estimated. From the average chloride ion diffusion coefficient, the time which critical chloride contents at depth of reinforcement steel was estimated. Test results indicated that the corrosion threshold reached at reinforcement in LMC are effected on the mix proportion factor including latex content, and water-cement ratio.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

Effective gate resistance, extracted by direct extraction method, is analyzed among various gate length, in nanoscale MOSFET for RFIC. Extracted effective gate resistance is compared to measured data and verified with simplified model. Extracted parameters are accurate to 10GHz. In the same process technology effect has a different kind of gate voltage dependency and frequency dependency compared with general effective gate resistance. Particularly, the characteristic of effective gate resistance before and after threshold voltage is noticeable. When gate voltage is about threshold voltage, effective gate resistance is abnormally high. This characteristic will be an important reference for RF MOSFET modeling using direct extraction method.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.426-429
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the effect of BN (boron nitride) on the thermal and the electrical conductivity of composites. In case of epoxy/BN composites, the thermal conductivity was increased as the BN contents were increased. Epoxy/AgNP (Ag nanoparticle) nanocomposites exhibited a slight change of thermal conductivity and showed a electrical percolation threshold at 20 vol% of Ag nanoparticles. At the fixed Ag nanoparticle content below the electrical percolation threshold, increasing the amount of BN enhanced the electrical conductivity as well as thermal conductivity for the epoxy/AgNP/BN composites.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.349-352
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• 2010

Thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated using amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) channels by rf-magnetron sputtering at room temperature. We have studied the effect of oxygen partial pressure on the threshold voltage($V_{th}$) of a-IGZO TFTs. Interestingly, the $V_{th}$ value of the oxide TFTs are slightly shifted in the positive direction due to increasing $O_2$ partial pressure from 0.007 to 0.009 mTorr. The device performance is significantly affected by varying $O_2$ ratio, which is closely related with oxygen vacancies provide the needed free carriers for electrical conduction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.887-890
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• 1997

Recently micromachining using DPSSL(Diode Pumped Solid State Laser) with 3rd harmonic wavelength is actively studied in laser machining area. Micromachining using DPSSL have outstanding advantages as UV source comparing with excimer laser in various aspect such a maintenance cost, maskless machining, high repetition rate and so on. In this study micro-drilling of PCB type substrate which consists of Cu-PI-Cu layer was performed using DPSS Nd:YAG laser(355nm, wavelength) in vector scanning method. Experimental and numerical method(Matlab simulation, FEM) are used to optimize process parameter and control machining depth. The man mechanism of this process is laser ablation. It is known that there is large gap between energy threshold of copper and that of PI. Matlab simulation considering energy threshold of material is performed to effect of duplication of pulse and FEM thermal analysis is used to predict the ablation depth of copper. This study could be widely used in various laser micromachining including via hole microdrilling of PCB, and micromachining of semiconductor components, medical parts and printer nozzle and so on.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.3
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• pp.33-38
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• 1983

The effect of various environmental conditions on the growth kinetics of Zymomonas mobilis were studied and the kinetic parameters were evaluated. The value of ${\mu}m$ was $0.45hr^{-1}$ and Ks was 0.23 g/L. Inhibition of growth at high glucose concentration was found to follow the threshold substrate inhibition. Threshold substrate concentration was 102 g/L and substrate inhibition constant was 196 g/L. The effects of yeast extract concentrations were found to follow the Monod equation. ${\mu}m$ value was $0.45hr^{-1}$ and Ks was 0.3 g/L at 20 g/L of glucose and $0.24hr^{-1}$ and 0.24 g/L respectively at 200 g/L of glucose. The optimum temperature was found to be $35^{\circ}C$ and the activation energy of growth was 7.7 Kcal/mole below $35^{\circ}C$ and -29 Kcal/mole above $35^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 2004

This paper reports the measurement and analysis of the short channel effects and the punchthrough voltage of SOI-MOSFET with a self-aligned ground plane electrode in the silicon mechanical substrate underneath the buried oxide. When the channel length is reduced below 0.2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ it is observed that the threshold voltage roll-off and the subthreshold swing with channel length are reduced and DIBL is improved more significantly in GP-SOI devices than FD-SOI devices. It is also observed from the dependence of threshold voltage with substrate biases that the body factor is a higher in GP-SOI devices than FD-SOI devices. From the measurement results of punchthrough voltage, GP-SOI devices show the higher punchthrough voltages than FD-SOI devices

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.596-602
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• 2012

Infestations of Aphis gossypii per leaf in greenhouse cultivation of cucumbers were investigated to develop binomial sampling plans. An empirical $P_T-m$ model, $ln(m)={\alpha}+{\beta}ln[-ln(1-P_T)]$, was used to evaluate relationship between the proportion of infested leaves with ${\leq}$ T aphids per leaf ($P_T$) and mean aphid density (m). Tally thresholds (T) were set to 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 aphids per leaf to find appropriate T in greenhouse cultivation of cucumbers. Increasing sample size had little effect on the precision of the binomial sampling plan. However, the precision increased with tally threshold. The binomial model with T = 5 provided appropriate predictions of the mean densities of A. gossypii in the greenhouse cultivation of cucumbers. Using a binomial model with T = 5 (sample size = 200), a wide range of densities (1.2 - 222.8 aphids per leaf) could be estimated with precision levels of 0.346 - 0.380 for $P_T$ values between 0.15 and 0.96. Binomial models were validated at T = 5 and 7 using 12 independent data sets. Both binomial models were robust and adequately described aphid densities; most of the independent sampling data fell within 95% confidence intervals around the prediction model.