• Korean Business Review
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• v.14
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• pp.63-76
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• 2001

The purchase of business services is a growing activity among finns but with little appreciation that the purchase of a service requires a modification of the decision process developed for the purchase of material goods. A taxonomy for purchasing business services is developed to create a matrix with company involvement and focus of service as dimensions. Business services are classified according to their focus on three aspects of the finn: property, people, and core business. Business services are also classified according to the degree of company involvement: high company involvement and low company involvement. A number of propositions are formulated based on insights derived from this taxonomy. The taxonomy results in six business service cells: facility support, equipment support, employee support, employee development, core business facilitator, and professional. Implications for managers considering a purchase in each category are explored. This study tests the research hypotheses delineated from the classification model and the purchasing process of business services. The strategic implications are suggested based on the findings for each cell of the classification model. This study concludes with a research agenda for further studies.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

A rigorous modeling of ultra-low energy implantation is becoming increasingly more important as devices shrink to deep submicron dimensions. In this paper, we have developed an efficient three-dimensional Monte Carlo ion implantation model based on a modified Binary Collision Approximation(BCA). To this purpose, the modified electronic stopping model and the multi-body collision model have been taken into account in this simulator. The dopant and damage profiles show very good agreement with SIMS(Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy) data and RBS(Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy) data, respectively. Moreover, the ion distribution replica method has been implemented into the model to get a computational efficiency in a 3D simulation, and we have calculated the 3D Monte Carlo simulation into the topographically complex structure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Interest rate spreads indicate the conditions of the economy and serve as an indicator of the recession. The purpose of this study is to predict Korea's interest rate spreads using US data with long-term continuity. To this end, 27 US economic data were used, and the entire data was reduced to 5 dimensions through principal component analysis to build a dataset necessary for prediction. In the prediction model of this study, three RNN models (BasicRNN, LSTM, and GRU) predict the US interest rate spread and use the predicted results in the SVR ensemble model to predict the Korean interest rate spread. The SVR ensemble model predicted Korea's interest rate spread as RMSE 0.0658, which showed more accurate predictive power than the general ensemble model predicted as RMSE 0.0905, and showed excellent performance in terms of tendency to respond to fluctuations. In addition, improved prediction performance was confirmed through period division according to policy changes. This study presented a new way to predict interest rates and yielded better results. We predict that if you use refined data that represents the global economic situation through follow-up studies, you will be able to show higher interest rate predictions and predict economic conditions in Korea as well as other countries.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2015

In this paper, a planar antenna with monopole-like radiation pattern for on-body communications is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of three split-rings(SR) to generate a monopole-like radiation characteristic. To account for the on-body application, the proposed antenna is designed to have a low-profile. The antenna has an overall dimensions of $0.29{\lambda}_0{\times}0.29{\lambda}_0{\times}0.008{\lambda}_0$ at 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical(ISM) band(5.725~5.875 GHz). To verify the body effect, a two-thirds muscle equivalent semi solid phantom is fabricated and used to measure the antenna performance. The 10-dB return loss bandwidth is 280 MHz(5.68~5.96 GHz) and the measured peak gain is 1.91 dBi.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2013

We developed a transformed, symmetrical, mushroom-like surface without via holes in cells focused on a 2.4-GHz WLAN band. Each slot in the novel type structure plays a key role in modeling at the desired frequencies. The designed artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) has several advantages, including a small size, a wider bandwidth, a short reflecting distance to the antenna, and easy fabrication because there are no via holes. Overall dimensions of the AMC cell are 21 mm $(Width){\times}21mm$ $(Height){\times}2.6mm$ (Thickness), and the bandwidth is about three times wider (11.7%) compared to that of a conventional AMC (4.0%). For evaluating the performance of the proposed structure, a reflector, which periodically consists of the designed AMC cells, was developed. The antenna with the investigated AMC reflector not only works within a quarter of the wavelength because of the extremely high wave impedance generated by the AMC cells on the surface of the structure but also reduces the specific absorption rate (SAR). Electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure to a human phantom was analyzed by applying the designed reflector to the 2.4-GHz dipole antenna in a tablet PC. The calculated peak SAR averaged over 1 g was 0.125 W/kg when the input power was 1 W and the antenna was located at 20 cm from the human phantom. However, the SAR value was only 0.002 W/kg (i.e., 98.4% blocked) when the designed reflector was inserted in front of the antenna.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.998-1008
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop the criteria for measuring the observation abilities of elementary school students. Object, viewpoint and mental demand constitute the evaluation criteria of observation abilities. Object domain was classified into two- and three-dimensional figures, while viewpoint was classified into constancy and variety of views. Mental demand covered 2 through 5. The assesment tool based on the threedimensional criteria was developed for the lower, middle and upper grades of 166 elementary school students. Results from this study were as follows. These students' scores were significantly different in the classification by each dimension and distinguishable between the grades. They scored high on two-dimensional figures, constancy of view and lower mental demand, and the upper grade students' scores were higher than the lower ones in all dimensions. Therefore, the evaluation criteria developed in this study can be used effectively for measuring the observation abilities of elementary school students. Implication for this study was determined to be the development of a valid and reliable test for observation abilities of elementary school students.

• International Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology Speciallssue:Selected Papers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2002

A New concept for the LNG-FPSO ship, with moonpool and bilge step in bottom, is proposed. This concept is investigated with regard to motion reduction and sloshing phenomena of the cargo and operation tanks. The principal dimensions of the ship are $L\timesb B\times D\times t(design)=270.0\times51.0\times32.32\times13.7(m)$, with a total cargo capacity of 161KT; a 98% loading condition is considered for this study. The moonpools and rectangular step at the bilge have been designed for the purpose of decreasing the motion within the tank. For the motion analysis, linearized three-dimensional diffraction theory, with the simplified boundary condition was used. The six-degree of freedom coupled motion responses were calculated for the LNG-FPSO ship. Viscous effects on the roll motion responses of a vessel were taken into account in this calculation program, using an empirical formula suggested by Himeno(1981). The case study for the moonpool size has been conducted using theoretical estimation and the experimental method. For the optimization of the moonpool size and effect of the bilge step, 9 cases of its size, both with and without bilge step, were involved in the study. no motion responses, especially roll motion, for the designed LNG-FPSO ships are much lower than those of other drill ships and shuttle tankers. The limit criterions are satisfied. To check the cargo tank and operation tank sizes, we performed a sloshing analysis in the irregular waves which focuses on the pressure distribution on the tank wall and the time history of pressure and free surface for No.2 and 5 tanks of LNG-FPSO with chamfers. Finally, optimum tank sire was estimated.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.35.1-35.1
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• 2016

Nearby galaxy clusters and their surrounding regions represent the current endpoint of evolution galaxy cluster evolution. We present a new catalog of 1589 galaxies, what we call Extended Virgo Cluster Catalog (EVCC), in wider area of the Virgo cluster based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7. The EVCC covers an area 5.2 times larger than the footprint of the classical Virgo Cluster Catalog, and reaches out to 3.5 times the virial radius of the Virgo cluster. The EVCC contains fundamental information such as membership, morphology, and photometric parameters of galaxies. The EVCC defines a comprehensive galaxy sample covering a wider range in galaxy density that is significantly different from the inner region of the Virgo cluster. It will be the foundation for forthcoming galaxy evolution studies in the extended Virgo cluster region, complementing ongoing and planned Virgo cluster surveys at various wavelengths. We also present the large scale structures in the field around the Virgo cluster. We identified seven galaxy filaments and one possible sheet in three dimensions of super-galactic coordinates based on the HyperLEDA database. By examining spatial distribution and Hubble diagram of galaxies, we found that six filaments are directly associated with the main body of the Virgo cluster. On the other hand, one filament and one sheet are structures located at background of the main body of Virgo cluster. The EVCC and the filament structures will be the foundation for forthcoming studies of galaxy evolution in various environments as well as buildup of the galaxy cluster at z ~ 0, complementing ongoing and planned Virgo cluster surveys at various wavelengths.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.282-300
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• 2009

This paper attempts to focus the ways in which Seoul as an urban space can be read and interpreted from gender perspective, assuming Seoul as a cultural text which represents modernity and post-modernity. Drawing on discussions of urban sociology and human geography which have analyzed the relationship between material spaces and social subjects, this paper explores the gendered segregation and representations of space in Seoul which has been constructed through the process of modernization. The framework of spatial interpretation of Seoul, concentrating on imageablity and legibility, consists of three dimensions; gendered division of labour and sphere, dichotomy of representations along with femininity and masculinity, and the ways of interlocking between modernity and post-modernity. In this paper, 'fl$\check{a}$nerie', Benjamin's method of interpretation of urban culture and the way of seeing with 'speculum' of Irigaray are adopted as metaphoric methodologies. It is an attempt to develop a new methodology to analyze and interpret urban space from gender-cultural perspective.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationships among social capital, job satisfaction, and organization commitment in the Korean Security Organizations. One hundred eight one questionnaires, with a 72.4% response rate from a convenient sample of 10 security organization guards, were utilized to study the relationships between research constructs. SPSS(12.0 version) were guard to analyze the unintentionality of research concepts and reliability test, and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. Factor analyses identified three internal dimensions of relational factor as superior relation. There are among results, first, the social capital is influencing to job satisfaction positively. second, the social capital is influencing to organizational commitment positively. third, the job satisfaction is influencing to organizational commitment positively.