• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.233-253
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• 2024

This study analyzed differences between three-dimensional (3D) body scanning and manual measurements, aiming to assess whether 3D scanning can replace traditional anthropometric tools, such as tape measures and calipers. Data from 4,478 participants in the 8th Size Korea Project were analyzed, covering 43 measurement items. Since Given that the 3D and manual measurements were performed on the same subjects in the 8th Size Korea Project, it was possible to determine the correlation more accurately between the two measurement methods more accurately. Using Applying ISO 20685-1(2018) standards, 15 out of the 43 items fell within allowable error limits. When classified into six types, "small circumferences" and "segment lengths" showed averages of 3.35 mm and 3.10 mm, respectively, within acceptable range. "Body heights" and "body depths" slightly exceeded the limit, with averages of 5.28 mm and 6.58 mm. "Body widths" and "large circumferences" surpassed the limit, with means of 16.77 mm and 16.18 mm. The study offers an objective basis to for validate validating 3D measurements' measurements' reliability and accuracy, addressing various industries' needs for information on the human body's dimensions information.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.3-21
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• 2016

This study analyzes the key factors of 3D spatial information in accordance with the establishment of aerial and ground equipment fusion, and the quality improvement solutions are delivered from the preference survey. Furthermore, it investigates the factors affecting the quality of the individual technical elements through the establishment of three-dimensional spatial information. It is for identifying the priority which needs to be improved, and this data will be used to identify the evaluation for factors, the technology development and its application. For this purpose, the presence or absence of equality is judged by the quantitative techniques through the preference survey of the gap between the experts of spatial information and survey and the general users who have experiences on 3D spatial information.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.192-202
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• 2008

Typical activity-based travel analysis has been focused on passenger travel using household survey data. The current research focuses on freight transport using one-day travel survey data. Passenger travel can be seen as the outcome of traveller's subjective decision-making, whereas freight transport is the outcome of shipper or transport company's optimized scheduling. The research conducts an activity-based analysis of freight-vehicle trip chains. In particular, the research focuses on the difference in travel pattern between shipper-oriented private vehicle and transport company-oriented business vehicle. The research analyzed the travel diary of freight vehicles collected as part of the third national logistic survey in 2005. The diary is freight driver's one-day travel record including the information of loading capacity, item transported, destination, arrival time, etc. The analysis results show the difference between private and business vehicles in the travel pattern regarding the sequences of destination, destination type and item transported and the multi-dimensional information of the three sequences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.343-349
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• 2021

In The process from design to construction in the existing construction work was less efficient due to the contradictory approach of identifying the 3D state in the plan view and the repeated generation of surveys, floor plans, drawings. Accurate 3D design data is essential for smart construction. However, most of the existing related studies have focused on explaining the development method and main functions of equipment or improving the productivity of smart construction. Therefore, in this study, the utility of 3D design model generation for smart construction and construction survey using 3D laser scanner was evaluated. Plane and vertical road alignment were created using the specifications of the road. The generated road alignment was created as a three-dimensional corridor design using cross-sections at intervals of 20m. In addition, it was possible to create a DTM (Digital Terrain Model) using a digital map and effectively create a 3D design model for the study area through overlapping. Construction survey using a 3D laser scanner showed accuracy within 10cm as a result of the accuracy evaluation. These results proved that construction surveying using a 3D laser scanner is possible because it satisfies the acceptable accuracy of the relevant regulations modeling of target areas using 3D design and construction survey using 3D laser scanner can be a way to address shortcomings of existing GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) methods. And accurate 3D data will be used as essential data as basic data for smart construction.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.1097-1107
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• 2020

A methodology has been proposed to understand the spatiotemporal changes of the river topography through the longitudinal change of the geometric characteristics of the cross-sections and the properties related thereto. Three-dimensional spatial information of the riverbed was obtained through the detailed bathymetry survey using an acoustic echo sounder for the reach from Gumi Weir to Chilgok Weir in the Nakdong river. Geometric informations for the reference sections were extracted using the acquired bathymetry survey data. By comparing the geometric properties for the reference sections, it was possible to catch the topographic characteristics and its changes over a reach of the channel. Through comparison with past survey data, it was also possible to quantitatively grasp the amount of change in cross-sectional area and volumetric change of riverbed. It is expected that a quantitative evaluation of river topography changes will be possible by applying the method proposed in this study.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2014

Development of a modeling technique for accurately interpreting electromagnetic (EM) data is increasingly required. We introduce finite difference (FD) and finite-element (FE) methods for three-dimensional (3D) frequency-domain EM modeling. In the controlled-source EM methods, formulating the governing equations into a secondary electric field enables us to avoid a singularity problem at the source point. The secondary electric field is discretized using the FD or FE methods for the model region. We represent iterative and direct methods to solve the system of equations resulting from the FD or FE schemes. By applying the static divergence correction in the iterative method, the rate of convergence is dramatically improved, and it is particularly useful to compute a model including surface topography in the FD method. Finally, as an example of an airborne EM survey, we present 3D modeling using the FD method.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2016

Recently many sinkholes have appeared in urban areas of Korea, threatening public safety. To predict the occurrence of sinkholes, it is necessary to investigate the existence of cavity under urban roads. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been recognized as an effective means for detecting underground cavity in urban areas. In order to improve the understanding of the governing physical processes associated with GPR wave propagation, and interpret underground cavity effectively, a theoretical approach using numerical modeling is required. We have developed an algorithm employing a three-dimensional (3D) staggered-grid finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. This approach allows us to model the full electromagnetic wavefield associated with GPR surveys. We examined the GPR response for a simple cavity model, and the modeling results showed that our 3D FDTD modeling algorithm is useful to assess the underground cavity under urban roads.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.13 no.1 s.31
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• pp.3-10
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• 2005

This study attempts to measure effectively three dimensional deformation in road slopes using digital close-range photographs. After the still video images were acquired respectively on the same multi-station geometric configuration in two epoches, photo-triangulation was rallied out respectively by conventional standard bundle adjustment and free-net bundle adjustment and the computed results were compared with those of geodetic method by total station. Three dimensional coordinates and deformation amounts were able to be derived with the RMSE of sub-millimeter and the relative accuracy of $1/30,000{\sim}1/35,000$. It was shown that free-net bundle adjustment is about 13% higher than standard bundle adjustment in the accuracy of photo-triangulation. It was ascertained that the free-net technique is able to promote fast and accurate deformation surveying without the necessity of geodetic control survey in complicated industrial sites.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2005

The Sambo mine is located in Hae-je Myeon, Moo-an Gun, Chollanamdo, which consists of host gneiss and rhyolite possessing quartzite veins with other compositions such as gold, silver, and sublimated sulfur. The ore grade estimated from the core was 0.05～10.9g/t or less in gold and 0.05～389g/t or less in silver, indicating a partial mineralization. The purpose of this paper is to understand the subsurface structures and the distribution of mineralized bodies in the Sambo mine using a combined method of Schlumberger, Wenner, and Dipole-di-pole resistivity surveys on the surface and the resistivity tomography survey in boreholes. The result of three-dimensional resistivity inversion showed that the mineralized body is extended to 240m long in the N10°～20°E direction, with 30m wide and 80 m thick from the surface. The low resistivity zones (<1,000ohm-m) determined from the resistivity image were in good agreement with the mineralized bodies and weak zones identified from the logged cores.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2001

A three-dimensional finite difference time-domain modeling algorithm based on staggered grid and considering transmitting and receiving antennas has been developed to simulate Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey. This algorithm adopted the subcellular method to simulate the dipole antennas being used in GPR system and added resistors to reduce ringing caused by the reflections at the ends of an antenna. Comparison of the output voltages in the presence of the resistors for half-space said that the ringing and the amplitude of output voltage decreased as the number of resistors increased, and the antenna was designed based upon this result. Radiation patterns were derived to understand the distribution of electric field energy in the planes including or normal to the antenna. The electric field energy concentrated on vertical direction in the plane including antenna more than in normal plane.