• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2000년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.146-152
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• 2000

Two and Three dimensional dynamic adaptation code is developed for transient computations. This code involves mesh refinement and coarsening to either add points in high gradient regions of flow or remove points where they are not needed, for high spatial accuracy. Temporary cell algorithm is used to maintain the original grid quality. To show the assessment of the accuracy and efficiency, two dimensional study and unsteady flows are computed. Also, three dimensional steady computations are made to assess the refinement using temporary cell algorithm. The result shows the high spatial accuracy primarily in discontinuity regions in steady and unsteady computation.

• 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국에너지공학회 1993년도 추계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.99-102
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• 1993

A consistent general order nodal method for solving the three-dimensional neutron diffusion equation in (x-y-z) geometry has been derived by using a weighted integral technique and expanding the spatial variable by the Legendre orthogonal series function. The equation set derived can be converted into any order nodal schemes. It forms a compact system for general order of nodal moments. The method utilizes fewer unknown variables in the schemes for iterative-convergence solution than other nodal methods listed in the literatures, and because the method utilizes the analytic solutions of the transverse-integrated one dimensional equations and a consistent approximation for a given spatial variable through all the solution procedures, which renders the use of an approximation for the transverse leakages no longer necessary, we can expect extremely accurate solutions and the solution would converge exactly when the mesh width is decreased or the approximation order is increased.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.419-429
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• 2016

최근 관상동맥 영역화 결과로부터 삼차원 표면 모델을 생성함으로써 혈관 구조적 정보의 렌더링 효율성의 증대뿐만 아니라 전산유체역학를 이용한 혈류 역학 시뮬레이션을 통해 혈류분획예비력과 같은 생리적 정보들을 획득하는 연구들이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 혈관 영역화 과정에서 획득한 혈관 구조 정보를 입력 데이터로 사용하여 관상동맥의 삼차원 삼각 표면 메쉬 모델을 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 관상동맥 영역화 결과로부터 삼각형 표면 메쉬 모델을 만드는 방법으로는 Marching cube 알고리즘에 기반한 방법들이 있지만 이산적인 영상 공간에서 수행되는 알고리즘으로 가늘고 다양한 굴곡을 갖는 혈관 경계를 표현하기 힘들다. 제안된 방법은 관상동맥 영역화 과정에서 추정한 혈관 중심좌표와 법선 벡터 그리고 직경 정보를 이용하여 기존 방법들보다 정교하게 단일 혈관 가닥들에 대한 삼각 표면 메쉬들을 생성하고 분기가 일어나 중첩되는 메쉬들은 메쉬 병합 기법을 사용하여 처리함으로써 통합된 관상동맥 메쉬를 생성한다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.31-47
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• 2019

The accurate prediction of snow distributions under the wind action on roofs plays an important role in designing structures in civil engineering in regions with heavy snowfall. Affected by some factors such as building shapes, sizes and layouts, the snow drifting on roofs shows more three-dimensional characteristics. Thus, the research on three-dimensional snow distribution is needed. Firstly, four groups of stepped flat roofs are designed, of which the width-height ratio is 3, 4, 5 and 6. Silica sand with average radius of 0.1 mm is used to model the snow particles and then the wind tunnel test of snow drifting on stepped flat roofs is carried out. 3D scanning is used to obtain the snow distribution after the test is finished and the mean mass transport rate is calculated. Next, the wind velocity and duration is determined for numerical simulations based on similarity criteria. The adaptive-mesh method based on radial basis function (RBF) interpolation is used to simulate the dynamic change of snow phase boundary on lower roofs and then a time-marching analysis of steady snow drifting is conducted. The overall trend of numerical results are generally consistent with the wind tunnel tests and field measurements, which validate the accuracy of the numerical simulation. The combination between the wind tunnel test and CFD simulation for three-dimensional typical roofs can provide certain reference to the prediction of the distribution of snow loads on typical roofs.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.1347-1360
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• 2009

A multi-dimensional component for the thermal-hydraulic system analysis code, MARS, was developed for a more realistic three-dimensional analysis of nuclear systems. A three-dimensional and two-fluid model for a two-phase flow in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates was employed. The governing equations and physical constitutive relationships were extended from those of a one-dimensional version. The numerical solution method adopted a semi-implicit and finite-difference method based on a staggered-grid mesh and a donor-cell scheme. The relevant length scale was very coarse compared to commercial computational fluid dynamics tools. Thus a simple Prandtl's mixing length turbulence model was applied to interpret the turbulent induced momentum and energy diffusivity. Non drag interfacial forces were not considered as in the general nuclear system codes. Several conceptual cases with analytic solutions were chosen and analyzed to assess the fundamental terms. RPI air-water and UPTF 7 tests were simulated and compared to the experimental data. The simulation results for the RPI air-water two-phase flow experiment showed good agreement with the measured void fraction. The simulation results for the UPTF downcomer test 7 were compared to the experiment data and the results from other multi-dimensional system codes for the ECC delivery flow.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2011년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.31-40
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• 2011

Unsteady sheet cavitation on a three-dimensional twisted hydrofoil was studied using an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations solver based on a cell-centered finite volume method. As a verification test of the computational method. non-cavitating and cavitating flow over a modified NACA66 foil section was simulated and validated against existing experimental data. The numerical uncertainties of forces and pressure were evaluated for three levels of mesh resolution. The computed pressure on the foil and the cavity shedding behavior were validated by comparing with existing experimental data. The cavity shedding dynamics by re-entrant jets from the end and sides of the cavity were investigated.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2011

Unsteady sheet cavitation on a three-dimensional twisted hydrofoil was studied using an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations solver based on a cell-centered finite volume method. As a verification test of the computational method, non-cavitating and cavitating flows over a modified NACA66 foil section were simulated and validated against existing experimental data. The numerical uncertainties of forces and pressure were evaluated for three levels of mesh resolution. The computed pressure on the foil and the cavity shedding behavior were validated by comparing with existing experimental data. The cavity shedding dynamics by re-entrant jets from the end and sides of the cavity were investigated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.207-220
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• 2008

The shear lag has been studied for many years. Nevertheless, existing research gives a variety of stress concentration factors. Unlike the elementary beam theory, the application of load is not unique in reality. For example, concentrated load can be applied as point load or distributed load along the height of the web. This non-uniqueness may be a reason for the discrepancy of the stress concentration factors in the existing studies. The finite element method has been often employed for studying the effect of the shear lag. However, not many researches have taken into account the influence of the finite element mesh on the shear lag phenomenon, although stress concentration can be quite sensitive to the mesh employed in the finite element analysis. This may be another source for the discrepancy of the stress concentration factors. It also needs to be noted that much less studies seem to have been conducted for the shear lag effect on deflection while some design codes have formulas. The present study investigates the shear lag effect in a simply supported box girder by the three-dimensional finite element method using shell elements. The whole girder is modeled by shell elements, and extensive parametric study with respect to the geometry of a box girder is carried out. Not only stress concentration but also deflection is computed. The effect of the way load is applied and the dependency of finite element mesh on the shear lag are carefully treated. Based on the numerical results thus obtained, empirical formulas are proposed to compute stress concentration and deflection that includes the shear lag effect.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2003

디지털 워터마킹 기술은 디지털 콘텐츠의 불법 복제를 방지하기 위해 디지털 데이터에 사람이 감지할 수 없는 정보를 은닉한다. 본 논문에서는 3차원 메쉬 모델(mesh model)에 대한 적응형 워터마킹 방법을 제안한다 본 논문에서 제안한 방법에서는 서로 이웃하는 꼭지점 좌표들 사이의 공간적 상관성에 따라 워터마크를 삽입하며, 이는 사람의 눈에 잘 감지되지 않는 지역에 워터마크를 강하게 삽입하고 그렇지 않은 지역에는 약하게 삽입하는 적응형 워터마킹 기술이다., 우선, 3차원 메쉬 모델을 운행(traversing)하여 삼각형 스트립(triangle strip)을 생성하고, 모든 꼭지점 좌표를 구 좌표계(spherical coordinate system)로 변환시킨다. 그리고, 3차원 모델의 지역적 외관을 결정하는 꼭지점 좌표 값들의 변화량을 계산한 후, 워터마크 신호를 계산한 변화량의 크기에 따라 유연하게 꼭지점 좌표 값에 삽입시킨다. 본 논문에서 제안한 워터마크 방법이 워터마크 신호의 비지각성(imperceptibility)을 크게 개선시킬 수 있음을 실험을 통해 검증했으며, 제안한 방법의 강인성 (robustness)에 대한 BER (bit error rate) 결과를 제시하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2023

폭발 수치해석 기법 중 Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)는 구조물의 파괴뿐만 아니라 폭발 이후 충격파의 전파 과정까지 관찰할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 그러나 동적 해석 시 유한요소 모델의 격자망 크기가 일정 수준 이하로 감소하게 되면 해석 결과의 신뢰도가 부정확해진다. 본 연구에서는 ALE 수치해석 기법을 활용하여 대기의 격자망 크기가 해석의 정확도에 미치는 영향을 조사한다. 다양한 조건의 격자망 크기와 폭발 중량을 갖는 대기 중 폭발모델을 구축하고, 폭발 중심으로부터 거리에 따른 폭발압력을 관찰한다. 수치해석과 실험에서 얻은 최대 폭발압력 결과에 대해 평균 제곱 오차를 계산하여 최적의 격자망 크기를 제안하고, 제안된 크기를 바탕으로 폭발물 중량과 대기의 최적 격자망 크기에 대한 상관관계를 분석한다. 본 연구는 다양한 중량을 가진 폭발물 해석에서 최적의 격자망 크기를 제공함으로써 신뢰성이 향상된 폭발 수치해석 모델 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.