• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2000

An approximated analytical solution of mathematical model for the three phase fluidized bed bioreactor (TFBBR) was proposed using the linearization technique to describe oxygen utilization rate in wastewater treatment. The validation of the model was done in comparison with the experimental results. Satisfactory agreement was obtained in the comparison of approximated analytical solution and numerical solution in the oxygen concentration profile of a TFBBR. The approximated solutions for three modes of the liquid phase flow were compared. The proposed model was able to predict the biomass concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration the height of efficient column, and the removal efficiency.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1999

A mathematical model for a three phase fluidized bed bioreactor (TFBBR) was proposed to describe oxygen utilization rate, biomass concentration and the removal efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in wastewater treatment. The model consisted of the biofilm model to describe the oxygen uptake rate and the hydraulic model to describe flow characteristics to cause the oxygen distribution in the reactor. The biofilm model represented the oxygen uptake rate by individual bioparticle and the hydrodynamics of fluids presented an axial dispersion flow with back mixing in the liquid phase and a plug flow in the gas phase. The difference of setting velocity along the column height due to the distributions of size and number of bioparticle was considered. The proposed model was able to predict the biomass concentration and the dissolved oxygen concentration along the column height. The removal efficiency of COD was calculated based on the oxygen consumption amounts that were obtained from the dissolved oxygen concentration. The predicted oxygen concentration by the proposed model agreed reasonably well with experimental measurement in a TFBBR. The effects of various operating parameters on the oxygen concentration were simulated based on the proposed model. The media size and media density affected the performance of a TFBBR. The dissolved oxygen concentration was significantly affected by the superficial liquid velocity but the removal efficiency of COD was significantly affected by the superficial gas velocity.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.242-249
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• 1998

The engineering aspect of water treatment processes in the recirculating aquaculture system was studied. To recycle the water in the aquaculture system, a wastewater treatment process was required to maintain high water quality for the growth and health of the cultured fish. In this study, three different biofilm processes were used to reduce the concentration of organic matters and ammonia from the recirculating water - two phase fluidized bed, three phase fluidized bed, and trickling filter. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the optimum treatment conditions of the biofilm processes for the recirculating aquaculture system, and thereby reduce the volume of biofilm processes, which are commonly used for the recycle water treatment processes for aquaculture. The result of this study showed that the removal efficiency of organic matters by trickling filter was found to be lower than that of the fluidized bed. In the trickling filter system, anthracite showed better organic removal efficiency than crushed stone as a media. In the two phase fluidized bed, the maximum removal efficiency of either organics or ammonia was obtained when both the packing rate of media was maintained to $40\%$ of total reactor depth excepting sediment zone and the bed expansion rate was maintained to $100\%$. When 100 tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of each average 200g was reared, the pollutant production rate was 0.07g $NH_4\;^+-N/kg$ fish/day and 0.06g P04-3-P/kg fish/day, and sludge production rate was 0.39 g SS/kg fish/day. In the two phase and three phase fluidized bed, the volume of water treatment tank could be calculated from an empirical equation by using the relationship between the influent COD to $NH_4\;^+-N$ ratio (C/N, -), media concentration (Cm, g/L), influent ammonia nitrogen concentration (Ni, mg/L), effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration (Ne, mg/L), bed expansion rate $(E,\;\%)$, and influent flowrate $(Q,\;m^3/hr)$. The empirical equation from this study is $$V_2\;=\;10^{3.1279}\;C/N^{3.5461}\;C_m\;^{-3.7473}\;N_i\;^{4.6477}\;E^{0.0326}\;N_e\;^{-0..8849}\;Q\;(Two\;Phase\;FB) V_3\;=\;10^{11.7507}\;C/N^{-1.2330}\;C_m\;^{-6.5715}\;N_i\;^{1.5091}\;N_e\;^{-1.8489}\;Q (Three\;Phase\;FB)$$

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.210-213
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• 1993

본 실험의 목적은 공극률과 상향유속의 관계에서 세입자의 유동특성을 고찰하는 데 있다 Column 내경은 유동층의 유속과 공극률과의 관계에 큰 영향을 미치지 못했으며 유속과 공극률과의 관계는 다음과 같다. $\frac{u}{u_t}={\varepsilon}^{3.703}$----모래$\frac{u}{u_t}={\varepsilon}^{3.5665}$----이온 교환수지$\frac{u}{u_t}={\varepsilon}^{4.066}$---GAC 또 유동층 매질입자는 구형을 사용하는 것이 일정유속에서 공극률을 낮게 유지할 수 있어 좋았고 실제로 미생물막 유동층 반응기에서는 미생물막이 매질에 부착되면 비중이 감소하므로 매질의 비중이 높을수록 유동층을 유지하기가 쉽다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2000

기존의 2상 생물학적 유동상은 산소 공급의 한계 및 유동 분산판 폐쇄 등의 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 3상의 선회류 유동상을 고안하여 그 운전특성을 연구하였다. 합성 폐수의 평균 TOC농도는 약 $70mg/{\ell}$($62{\sim}84mg-TOC/{\ell}$)이었고, HRT는 1.6시간, 평균입경이 0.397 mm인 모래의 충전량을 200에서 $600m{\ell}/{\ell}$까지 단계적으로 변화시키며, 미생물의 농도 및 처리 수질을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 기존 유동상 반응기의 분산장치의 폐색과 산소공급의 제한 등 연속운전에 지장을 주는 단점을 보완할 수 있었다. 실험 기간 중에 반응조의 DO의 농도는 $3mg/{\ell}$이상을 유지할 수 있었으며, TOC 제거율은 91~94 %, MLVSS농도는 $2,360{\sim}3,860mg/{\ell}$, F/M 비는 $0.59{\sim}1.04kg-TOC/kg-MLVSS{\cdot}day$, 생물막의 두께는 $35{\sim}71{\mu}m$, Media-g당 MLVSS는 8.4~17.3 mg/g, 그리고 슬러지 발생량은 $1.08{\sim}2.35kg-SS/m^3{\cdot}day$의 변화를 보였다. 충전량에 따른 MLVSS농도 변화를 분석한 결과 충전량이 $400{\sim}450m{\ell}/{\ell}$일 때 MLVSS농도를 가장 높게 유지할 수 있었고, Media-g당 MLVSS농도 측면에서는 충전량이 $250m{\ell}/{\ell}$일 때 가장 높은 농도를 유지할 수 있었다. 유출수의 SS는 $350{\sim}450m{\ell}/{\ell}$에서 낮게 나타났다. 적정 처리효율에서 F/M 비가 낮고, 슬러지 발생량이 적은 최적조건에서의 생물막의 두께는 약 $54{\mu}m$, g-Media당 MLVSS의 농도는 13 mg이였으며, 충진량은 $350{\sim}400m{\ell}/{\ell}$(35~40%)임을 알 수 있었다. 최적 충전 상태에서 광학 현미경으로 Media를 관찰할 때 Epistylis sp.의 고착성미생물을 일부 관찰할 수 있었으며, Media 표면을 전자현미경으로 촬영한 결과 구균류가 부착 성장하는 것을 알 수 있었다.