• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2013

This study analyzes important factors of foodservice in school through comparison of students' satisfaction of using foodservice in Korea and US in order to meet students' expectations. The survey was composed of 4 categories including menu, service, hygiene, and facility and it was carried out in both countries to evaluate satisfaction. First, comparison of satisfaction between two countries was made using t-test. Secondly, multiple regression was performed to identify factors affecting satisfaction. As a result Korean students were more satisfied than American students in all aspects. However, regardless of nationality, the top three factors affecting the students' satisfaction were the same. The predictors were food taste (Korean 0.375 and American 0.350), menu variety (Korean 0.305 and American 0.278), and service line (Korean 0.226 and American 0.192). Despite the similarity of the predicators, it can be concluded that the difference in satisfaction level between the two nationscan be explained by the approaches to create comfortable and acceptable changes in schools' foodservice. Korea has been increasing the foodservice quality based on their objectives to provide students comfortable and positive environment when eating nutritious meals. However, US have made their main objectives on making changes to decrease youth obesity. Foodservice improvements according to continuous evaluations and surveys are necessary in order to increase students' satisfaction.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.134-138
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• 1980

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of the level of calcium intake on it's apparent absorption rate in college women. Six college girls aged 19 to 20 were fed general dormitary meals containing approximately500mg of calcium for one week and thereafter, the experimental diets containing about 800mg of calcium were given for one week. Average values for calcium intake, fecal excretion of calcium, and apparent absorption rateof calcium in both periods were determined and these values for two periods were compared by using t-test. 1) Average intakes of calcium, protein, and fat of the subjects during the period of experimental diet were significantly higher than those of general diet period. 2) Higher consumption of three food groups; meat, poultry, and fishes, fruits and vegetables, and fats and oils were noted during experimental period. However, there was no significant difference in the consumption of cereals and milk groups during these two periods. 3) The apparent absorption rate of calcium during the experimental period was higher (64%) than the one for general diet period (56%). It was noteworthy that average calcium intakes was higher during the experimental diet period (785mg) than 536mg for general diet period while the fecal excretions of calcium in both periods were not significantly different.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.767-776
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of body fat by three different methods and to investigate the relationship between food preference and intake and percentage of body fat in female high school dancers. Height, weight , girth circumference, and near infrared body fat(%) on were measured 112 subjects BMI body fat (%) , girth circumference body fat (%) , and anthropometric indices were also calculated . Dietary data was collected by questionnaire. All data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, correlation, and crosstabulation; analysis, The results are summarized as follows ; 1) Average age of the subjects was 16.5 height was 161.0cm, weight was 50.7kg , near infra-red body fat was 27.0% BMI body fat was 21.9% , and girth circumference body fat 20.9%. 2) Near infra-red body fat (%), BMI body fat(%) , BMI , Rohrer index , and % ideal weight showed the most significant correlations with upper arm girth. The differences in the height among subject physiques classified by body fat(%) were non-significant, but the differences in height by BMI, Rohrer index, and % ideal weight were significant. 3) The preference values of fatty foods such as meat, milk, and fish were shown to increase with the percentage of body fat, The subjects who had higher percentage of body fat preferred foods cooked in oil. In contrast, the students with higher percentage of body fat were thought to have lower food intake and between meals frequencies. It was shown in this study that higher preference values for animal fatty foods and foods containing more cooking oil induced significant increases in body fat and weight.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of household type on the health- and food-related behavior of the elderly. The survey was conducted on 304 free-living elderly persons in Chun-Chon city in 1999. The subjects were divided into three groups by their household types : living alone (n=35), living with their spouses (n=59), and living with their extended family (n=191). The results were obtained by personal interviews using questionnaires. Compared to the group living with their spouses and/or extended families, the elderly living alone were : less satisfied with the amount of monthly pocket money available; less involved in social activities; taking less vitamin supplements; doing less physical exercise; more frequently skipping meals and dining out; less frequently consuming meats, vegetables, fruits and seaweed; and having the highest rate of depression. The elderly living with their spouses tended to have the best physical functions and the greatest ability to carry out basic daily activities. The elderly living with their extended families had a higher incidence of diseases compared to the other groups. The preferred snacks were cookies for the elderly living alone, and fruits for the other two groups. In summary, it has been shown that household type should be taken into consideration for formulating adequate future strategies for effective health and nutrition programs.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.310-321
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of the elderly's health statuses, health behavior, and social relations on their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) according to their family types. Methods: The subjects of this study were 1000 elderly persons (298 living alone, 420 living with their spouses, and 282 living with their family)living in C city in Gangwon Province. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from July 20 to September 30, 2015. The SPSS/WIN program was used for data analysis. Results: The HRQoL of the elderly living alone was much lower than the other groups. The most influential factors on the HRQoL include self-rated health and depressive symptoms in all three groups. Social activities and skipping meals were associated with the HRQoL of the elderly living alone and living with their spouses, while marital status, number of chronic disease, and instrumental activities of daily living were associated with the HRQoL of the elderly living with their family. Conclusion: Nurses should take into account family types when designing interventions for improving the HRQoL of the elderly.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.71-86
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• 1997

The 297 middle school girls in Inchon were devided into three groups according to body mass index(BMI), the under weight group, the normal weight group and obese group to find out relationship between their food habits, food preference, and obesity. The average height and weight are 159.40cm, 67.02kg for obese group, 158.17cm, 39.11kg for under weight group, 156.93cm, 53.78kg for normal weight group. Obese group feels that they are healthy and fat, and their parents are fat also than the other groups. Obese group took more exercise. Total Food habits scores of obese group were lower than the other two groups. In terms of supper, bedtime-smack, unbalanced diet, balanced intake of five basic food groups obese group had lower scores. Especially, intake of carbohydrate, protein, milk group were irregular. There is no significant different in size of meal, overeating eating speed. The preferences of fast food, instant food, high caloric density food were lower in obese group than in the other two groups. The mother of obese group prepared meals according to food composition and prepared little snakes.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between the various types of activities occurring in domestic space and the resident's characteristics in Belgium. Data for this study was collected by questionnaires mailed to 133 staff member. both academic and administrative. working at The Free University of Brussels. a university serving the Dutch speaking community in Belgium. General leneal model and Duncan test were used in analyzing the data. The major findings of the study can be summarized as follows: First. families in the life-cycle stage of having no children are more likely to relax and watch T.V. and do housework in the master bedroom than those in the launching stage. Families in the life-cycle stage of elementary school are more likely to eat meals in the kitchen than those in the launching period. Second. families made up two members and under tend to do more housework in the master bedroom than those of three and over. Third. those with aged 30 and under are more likely to relax and watch T.V., and to do housework in the master bedroom than those with aged 51 and over. Forth. the renter status of homeownership tend to more relax and watch T.V., and to do housework in the master bedroom than the owner Fifth. those living with less floor space tend to relax and watch T.V. in the master bedroom more than those with larger residences.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1355-1359
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• 2003

This study examined the replacement of the fish meal (FM) with commercial poultry by-product meal (PBM) in practical diets for rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets containing levels 0 (control), 10, 20, 30 and 40% of PBM as a replacement for FM were fed to three replicate groups of rainbow trout with a initial weight $34.50{\pm}0.43g$ (mean${\pm}$SE). Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of diets containing PBM up to 20% were similar to the control while significantly lower values were obtained from the groups receiving higher levels of PBM (p<0.05). Apparent protein digestibility coefficients (ADCs) were significantly lower than that of the control group when PBM was included at level of 20% or more. Similarly, significantly lower values were observed with diets containing 30 and 40% PBM in terms of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, ash and energy digestibility (p<0.05). Dietary treatments did not significantly affect the body composition of the fish in terms of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and ash. In conclusion, PBM in a proportion of 20% may replace about 40 % of FM in rainbow trout diet without significant impairment grow.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.457-465
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• 1989

Guar gum, a storage polysaccharide galactomannan was administered to 11 patients with type-II diabetes mellitus for 7 days and 3 weeks. They took 5 grams of guar gum 30 mins before each of three meals daily. The dinner 2-h postprandial values of their blood glucose were significantly lowered (P<0.05) after their guar treatment for 7 days compared with before taking guar gum. The 2-h postprandial values of blood glucose were significantly lowered(P<0.05) after 3 weeks of gual treatment compared with before taking guar gum. In an oral glucose tolerance test, their blood glucose values were significantly lowered at 120 mins(P<0.02) and 180 mins(P<0.05) after guar treatment. Total-lipid(P<0.01) and triglycerides(P<0.02) of their blood were significantly decreased and HDL-cholesterol(P<0.02) was significantly increased after guar treatment. HbA1C was significantly reduced (P<0.05) from 11.3% to 10.1% The body weight, total-cholesterol and insulin activity of the patients after guar treatment were not significantly changed and the satiety ratings of the patients with guar treatment was not significantly changed and the satiety ratings of the patients with guar treatment was not significantly changed, however, the subjects that answered from 'Want to eat but can wait' to 'No desire to eat' were 81.1%. It is concluded that guar gum improves their carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Korean type-II diabetic subjects with high fiber diets.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.471-483
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate food habits, nutrients intakes and nutritional quality of the preschool children living in Seoul. The study was performed by analyzing a questionnaire answered by the mothers of 233 subjects aged 2 to 6 years old. A three-day dietary intakes survey, using a 24 hour recall method was used by both the mothers and teachers of the children in day care centers. Twenty eight, 65.9 and $21.8\%$ of preschool children were underweight, normal and overweight or obese, respectively. It was found that $19.8\%$ of preschool children replied that they skipped breakfast sometimes. The major reasons for skipping breakfast were 'snacks' ($38.3\%$) and 'no appetite' ($32.6\%$). The proportion of subjects having unbalanced meals was $61.6\%$. From the 24-recall survey, it was found that all nutrients intakes were higher than those of the Korean RDA except zinc. The proportions of carbohydrate, protein and fat from total calories were 56,1, 17.2 and $30.7\%$. The P/M/S ratio was 0.62 : 0.86 : 1. Nutrient adquacy (NAR), mean of nu-trient adequacy ratio (MAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were considered adequate. In conclusion, the dietary intakes of children aged 2 to 6 were assumed adequate judging from nutrient intakes, although some attention should be paid to fat intake in this age group.