• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 1993

Four lines of the long grain and four lines of the short grain Korean red rices were grown at different nitrogen levels of 0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5kg /10a. Nitrogen levels and red rice lines were arranged by the respective strip plot design for the long and short grain types. Yield components and yield were tested. Number of panicles per hill and number of spikelet per panicle increased along with the nitrogen levels. One thousand grain weight of the long grain red rices decreased by increasing the nitrogen levels, while that of the short grain red rices was not changed along with nitrogen levels. Grain yield of the long grain red rices increased to the nitrogen level of 22.5kg /l0a, however, that of the short grain red rices increased to the level of 7.5kg /l0a and was not changed over there.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.370-370
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the current use and the demand for Jeonju-bibimbab rice and to suggest the suitable range of bibimbab rice. We conducted a survey on varieties and rice quality of Jeonju bibimbab restaurants from April to August 2016. In a survey of 12 bibimbab restaurants in Jeonju, the restaurants showed that 83% of the 10 restaurants were using shindongjin rice variety. Characteristics of rice suitable for bibimbab were showed low stickiness, high hardness, so it should keep the shape of rice when cooked and mixed with the ingredients. and people tend to prefer a large grain of rice. Also, the rice used in bibimbab restaurants were examined the average percentages of head rice ratio 89%, protein content 6% and moisture content 14.5%. These results suggest that the quality of rice, which is suitable for bibimbab, is similar to the range of common rice. Thousand grain weight over 24g is especially preferred. In conclusion, the quality and grain size of rice preferred for bibimbab rice was the level of Shindongjin.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 1985

The objective of the study was to investigate growth pattern of capsule and grain to improve grain filling during the grain filling period in sesame. Growth patterns of capsule and grain from anthesis to maturity were measured and compared by different plant types. Growth of capsule length started to grow just after anthesis and recorded maximum point at 35 days after flowering. and then decreased gradually. Growth of higher part capsule was worse than lower and middle capsules. Capsule growth of 2 carpels 4 loculi type showed better than 4 carpels 8 loculi type and BTB (branch, 3 capsules, 2 carpels, 4 loculi) type showed good growth due to its small reduction of higher part capsule length compared to those of lower and middle parts. The order of growth of capsule length were considered to be center capsule in main stem> center capsule in branch> side capsule in main stem> side capsule in branch. Growth of capsule width also showed maximum at 35 days after anthesis and then reduced. The order of growth of capsule width were lower part> middle part> higher part. Higher part capsule width of 3 capsules 4 carpels 8 loculi type showed serious decrease at late reproductive growth stage same as those of capsule length. Fresh one thousand grain weight showed peak at 35 days after anthesis and then reduced. The order of grain growth were appeared as lower part> middle part> higher part. Growth of fresh one thousand grain weight of branch and side capsule were lower than those of main stem center capsule, and 4 carpels 8 loculi type was deeply decreased at late flowering time in higher part such as the growth of capsule length and width. BTB (branch, 3,2/4) type didn't show much decrease in higher part fresh grain weight compared to those of other plant types in spite of its profitable character of lots of sink capacity. BTB type appeared to be ideal for improving grain filling and yield productivity in growing sesame in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.239-252
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• 2013

Agronomic characteristics and grain properties of Korean wheat of 175 farmers in nationwide for two years, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, were evaluated to support basic data for improving grain quality of Korean wheat and enhancing Korean wheat consumption. Agronomic characteristics, including culm length, spike length, number of $spike/m^2$ and rate of off-type plant, and grain properties, including 1000 kernel weight, test weight, moisture, ash and protein content, were influenced by year and location. Number of $spike/m^2$, test weight, moisture, ash and protein content of wheat cultivated in 2011 were higher than those of 2012 and culm length, spike length, rate of off-type plant and 1000 kernel weight of 2012 were higher than those of 2011. Wheat cultivated in southern part of Korea showed higher culm length and 1000 kernel weight and lower test weight than those of northern part of Korea. Spike length, number of $spike/m^2$ and test weight were reduced by additional fertilization after mid of March, although there was no significant difference between date of additional fertilization and grain properties. Cultivated wheats in Jeollabuk-do showed lower ash content and higher protein content than those of other provinces and cultivated wheats in Jeollanam-do exhibited higher ash content than that of other provinces. As amount of fertilization increased, culm length, 1000 kernel weight and protein content increased and spike length and ash content were decreased, although date of additional fertilization did not effect on agronomic characteristics and grain properties. Amount of fertilization was positively correlated with 1000 kernel weight and protein content (r = 0.159, P < 0.05 and r = 0.212, P < 0.01, respectively) and was negatively correlated with ash content (r = -0.185, P < 0.05). Thousand kernel weight was negatively correlated with ash content (r = -0.226, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with protein content (r = 0.207, P < 0.01). Ash content increased as test weight and culm length decreased and 1000 kernel weight was influenced by culm and spike length (r = 0.397, P < 0.001 and r = -0.205, P < 0.01, respectively).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.297-297
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• 2022

Wheat is the staple food crop in the word, but wheat products have a low bioavailability of iron and zinc. So in the developing world, where wheat is a staple food, it suffers from micronutrients deficiency. This study was conducted to generate wheat varieties with enhanced grain Zn and Fe contents. Sixty wheat resource were cultivated over 2 years (2019-2021) in the field of NICS, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, to identify agronomic traits. Wheat grains were ground using grinder and analyzed whole wheat flour protein contents and Fe and Zn contents using ICP-OES. The average contents of Zn and Fe grain were 4.6 mg/100g (2.4~8.8 mg/100g) and 4.5 mg/100g (2.4~7.9 mg/100g), respectively. The contents of Fe and Zn in the wheat grain had a positive correlation with the protein content of whole wheat flour, but there was no correlation with heading date (4.22~5.27) and the thousand kernel weight (21.3~57.5 g). Although there was year variation, six resources with high contents of Fe (>5.2 mg/100 g) and Zn (>5.3 mg/100 g) grain in 2 years were selected. These results provide information for selecting breeding materials for biofortified wheat, and further studies on germplasms genetic variations and bioavailability are needed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.384-389
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• 1989

Thirteen varieties of Tongil type and ten of Japonica type which were produced in Korea, in 1985, were campa red in namely, width, thickness, length and weight of rice grains. Thousand-grain weight of paddy, brown rice and milled rice were not significantly different between Tongil type and Japonica type, but difference of paddy-brown rice and brown rice-milled rice had significant (p<2,859** and 4.316***, respectively), and the ratio of difference of paddy-brown rice was higher Tongil type than Japonica type. Width, thickness and length of paddy, brown rice and milled rice was significant (width : p<5.189***, 5.289** and 5.466***, thickness: p<3.371** 4.074*** and 5.988***, length: p<3.016**, 4.419*** and 5.492*** in paddy, brown rice and milled rice, respectively) between the Tongil type and Japonica type, and then the width and thickness of Japonica type were thicker than Tongil type, but length of Japonica type was shorter than Tongil type width/thickness ratio of paddy wes significant (p<2.396*) between the Tongil type and Japonica type, but its brown rice and milled rice was not. And length/width and length/ thickness ratio of paddy, brown rice and milled rice were significant (length/width : p<5.525***, 5.495*** and 5.863***, length/thickness: p<4.734***, 6,863*** and 8.425*** in paddy, brown rice and milled rice) between the Tongil type and Japonica type, and then its ratio were higher Tongil type than Japonica type.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.195-199
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to develop optimum sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition. We also compared major components in sesame seed cultivated in the greenhouse and open field condition. The adaptable varieties under the greenhouse condition were white sesame 'Pyoungan' and black sesame 'Jinki' which showed higher yield and disease resistance. We also conducted several experiments to determine optimum sowing date, planting density and pinching time. Grain yields were statistically different according to the several sowing dates. In general, sesame sowing on June 30th showed higher grain yields than July 10th, July 20th and July 30th in the greenhouse. We also found out sesame cultivation practice with the row spacing of 40 cm and interplant spacing of 30 cm (a few branch type) or 40 cm (many branch type) showed higher yield than other treatments. Optimum pinching time was 25 days after first flowering in main stem when thousand seed weight and grain yield were highest. In the comparison of major components of sesame at the different cultivation conditions, sesame seeds cultivated in the greenhouse contained 4% much more oil content than open field condition. The lignan compounds, sesamin and sesamolin were also higher by 6% in the greenhouse than open field condition. It was concluded that sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition guaranteed higher grain yield with less labor input which is now emerging alternative farming practice system in present aging rural society and will also give sesame cultivation farmers to increase net income in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.270-280
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• 1988

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the main effects and pleiotropic effects of two comparable isogenic lines for culm and spike length in hulled barley and observed various agronomic characteristics, yield and yield components under the conditions of heavy fertilizer application and high planting densities. Three isogenic lines, culm, spike and culm and spike, were planted and to obtain basic data for improving high-yielding and quality of hulled barley at Experiment Farm, Dankook Univ., Cheonan city in 1985. Differences of culm length between two comparable isogenic lines, short culmed line (SCL) and medium culmed line (MCL), in isogenic lines for culm length showed highly significant differences. And differences of spike length between two comparable isogenic lines, short spike line (SSL) and medium spike line (MSL), in isogenic lines for spike length showed highly significant differences. Differences of culm and spike length between two comparable isogenic lines, short culmed and spike line (SCSSL) and medium culmed and spike line (MCMSL), short culmed and spike line (SCSSL) and long culmed and spike line (LCLSL), in isogenic lines for culm and spike length showed highly significant differences. Characteristics affected highly by the genes of culm length in isogenic lines for culm length were heading days, the 1st and 2nd internode length, No. of grains per spike, No. of spikes/m$^2$, and one litre weight. Characteristics affected highly by the genes of spike length in isogenic lines for spike length were No. of spike nodes, heading days, maturity days, thousand grain weight and one litre weight. Characteristics affected highly by the genes of culm and spike length in isogenic lines for culm and spike length were No. of spike nodes, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th internode length, thousand grain weight and grain yield. Grain yield of SCL, MSL, MCMSL and SCSSL was more than grain yield of MCL, SSL, SCSSL and LCLSL, respectively. Maturity days of SCL, MSL, SCSSL and LSLSL were faster than maturity days of MCL, SSL, MCMSL and SCSSL, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.428-434
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• 2021

To study whether the area under the cultivation of Italian ryegrass (IRG) has increased with rise in global temperatures, we investigated the effects of climatic variables on seed productivity in different parts of Gangwon-do, South Korea. Specifically, IRG was cultivated in the western (Gangneung), central (Wonju), and northern (Chuncheon) parts of Gangwon-do. The heading date of IRG in Gangneung was earlier than that in the other regions. Moreover, the values of agronomic traits, including spikelets per spike, grains per spike, and thousand-grain weight, were lower in Chuncheon. However, there were no differences spikelets per spike and grains per spike between Wonju and Gangneung. Additionally, the thousand-grain weight and seed production were higher in Gangneung. Statistical correlation analysis between climatic variables and agronomic traits revealed that the mean daily minimum temperature was positively correlated with seed formation-related traits in April and seed maturity-related traits in May. In the light of rising minimum temperatures in Gangwon-do, Gangneung, Chuncheon and Wonju are suitable areas for IRG cultivation with optimal seed productivity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2022

Among annual precipitation in Korea (1306.3 mm), 54% of it falls intensively in summer, and only about 12.4% falls in April and May, when the water requirement of wheat is the highest. Korean wheat also could be damaged by soil water excess stress as frozen soil thaws after winter (late Feb-Mar). This study was conducted to evaluate effect of soil water stress on yield and quality of Korean wheat cultivar 'Saegeumgang'. Soil water treatments consisted of 4 treatments; water excess treatment in tilling stage (3.23-3.30), drought treatment in ripening stage (Apr-Jun), irrigation treatment in ripening stage (5.10) and standard condition. There was no significant difference between the treatment conditions for culm length, and the number of spike number was the highest in the order of irrigation in the ripening period (951)> standard cultivation (876)> excess water treatment in the tilling stage (752)> drought treatment in the ripening stage (767/m²). Test weight and Thousand grain weight were 548g/L and 22. lg respectively, which were lower than other treatments, and there was no significant difference between the other treatments. Abortive grain was 5.4kg/10a which was lower than other treatment, and there was no significant difference between the other treatment than other treatments. In drought treatment, protein content was 11.9% which is the highest among all treatments, and SDS-sedimentation value was 27.2ml under drought treatment which was very low compared to other treatments. Therefore, wheat yield and spike number were decreased in excess water condition at tilling stage and drought condition at ripening stage. Furthermore, wheat quality became deteriorate in drought condition at ripening stage.