• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 2013

This paper aims to define Mecius's people-care theory(保民論), and aims to recognize the characteristics of social security contained in Mecius's people-care theory. Mecius considered to the public relief as King's obligation. So to speak, the King protects to the property of the people. Especially his people-care theory implicate to continuity of safety life, a relief fund on the property, protection of disaster damage. Continuity of safety life means to enabling the people procurable food, clothing and bury dead persons without difficulties. It's may be said that implicated to the theory and system of modern social-welfare. It is reason for his opinion that a state should construct in the minimum social safety network by taking responsibility for basis needs of life. He was a humanist so much. He thought about the pursuit of the human happiness and the improvement in quality of life. Therefore his idea nearly means to the social security system in a modern sense. His thought is not only an ideal background on the public assistance and a social relief security in the contemporary but also a relief activity system such as Jindaebup called historical prototype of social welfare. It is an important fact that his people-care theory implicate to social security system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.403-414
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• 2001

The study was intended to identify the nurses' experiences, understanding, and attitudes on DNR. Also, the study was to provide the data base for a standard of DNR decision-making and practice. The sample consisted of 347 nurses in eight general hospitals. The data were collected between August 1 and August 31, 2000. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and $x^2-test$. The results of the study were as follows : 1. Regarding DNR-related experience, 74.6 percent of the participants experienced DNR situations. Eleven percent of the participants received DNR education. DNR was most frequently (81.5%) requested by family members and relatives of patients. The decision-making on DNR was most frequently (76.8%) made by agreement between family members and medical staff. The DNR order was recorded at 81.9 percent on charts. Problems after DNR order were negligence in treatment and nursing care (30.6%) and guilty feelings due to doing the best (22.1%). CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) was performed about 49.8 percent of DNR cases. 2. Regarding understanding and attitude on DNR, most of the participants (93.1%) thought DNR was necessary. The major reasons for the necessity of DNR were impossible recovery (44.4%) and death with dignity (41.1%). The decision-making on DNR was most frequently made by patient and family members (47.8%) and followed by agreement between family members and medical staff (25.6%), and patients themselves (16.4%). Most of the participants thought that medical staff must explain DNR to critical and end-of-life patients and their family members. Forty four percent of the participants thought that the most appropriate time for DNR explanation was when patients with critical disease were admitted to hospitals. Most of the participants (90.2%) thought a guide book for DNR is necessary to be made in hospitals. 3. There were significant differences in the participants' understanding and attitudes on DNR according to religion career education and experience of DNR. Of the participants those who have religions and education experience on DNR thought that there would be more DNR requests after DNR is explained to patients and family members (p<.05). In addition, there was higher understanding on the necessity of DNR in those who have more career and DNR experience(p<.01). The findings of the study suggest that a guide book for DNR need to be made with inclusion of legal, ethical, and cultural aspects. Also, there needs to be more education on DNR in medical ethics to health care professional and to provide more information on DNR to the general public.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.417-427
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• 2009

This article studies on the identity of Korean Culture and the direction of Korean culture contents. Our Korean society goes on to value-pluralism and cultural diversity. In this point, we need to confirm the identity of our Korean culture. And we meet with the crisis of Humanities. Humanities is the core of our culture. It is the key point to make identity of our Korean culture as cultural universality and to apply it to develop Korean culture contents for the revival of Humanities. The core contents of Korean culture lies in the ancient myth, the thought of Hwarang, Confucianism, Neo-Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, the practical thought, thought of Yangmyeong study and the thought of East study and so on. On the basis of these thoughts, the core of Korean culture are humanity, harmony, the spirit of Punglyu, thought of life- esteem, ethics of environment etc. I suggest that we can apply our cultural core ideas those I analyzed above to develop Korean culture contents in the fields of cinema, music, cartoon, animation, game, character, digitalization, cultivation of experience programs of Korean culture etc. In addition, I suggest their commercial application like e-learning and culture contents education.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.126-135
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the consumer awareness and information seeking behaviors towards food additives. The data were collected from 506 adults living in Seoul, Daegu and Rusan by self-administered questionnaires. Frequencies and chi-square tests were conducted with SPSS. The results of the survey were as follows: (1) The consumers' concerns towards food additives were high, (2) Especially, many consumers were highly concerned about preservatives among food additives, (3) Two-fifths of the respondents thought the use of food additives had nothing to do with the quality of food, (4) Many respondents tried to consume the food containing less food additives, (5) Most respondents were not satisfied with the labeling of food additives, and (6) Many consumers needed the information about food additives, especially safety of food additives.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.29-46
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• 1999

The performance based design obligates quantitative assessment of required performances by means of transparent and objective science. In this design scheme, simulation of both macro and micro-scale structural behaviors is thought to be a powerful tool. This paper proposes a way how to unify the structural safety and serviceability check method and durability assessment of RC structures. Though component chemical-physical processes are crudely assumed, system dynamics of micro-scale pore structure formation and macro-scale defects and deformation of structures was shown as possible and promising approach in future. The authors understand that the unification of structural and durability design has just started. For further progress and development, predictive tool of structural behaviors from birth to death of concrete under any specified environment and load serves as an essential technicality.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.9
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• pp.459-473
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• 2016

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) often involve the formation of abnormal and toxic protein aggregates, which are thought to be the primary factor in ND occurrence and progression. Aged neurons exhibit marked increases in aggregated protein levels, which can lead to increased cell death in specific brain regions. As no specific drugs/therapies for treating the symptoms or/and progression of NDs are available, obtaining a complete understanding of the mechanism underlying the formation of protein aggregates is needed for designing a novel and efficient removal strategy. Intracellular proteolysis generally involves either the lysosomal or ubiquitin-proteasome system. In this review, we focus on the structure and assembly of the proteasome, proteasome-mediated protein degradation, and the multiple dynamic regulatory mechanisms governing proteasome activity. We also discuss the plausibility of the correlation between changes in proteasome activity and the occurrence of NDs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

This study investigates life and damage due to structural and fatigue load at speaker placer with wall hanger type. As the small stress and deformation are shown at the models of A, B and C shapes on structural analysis, there is no problem at installing speaker placer. As the largest stress is happened at the middle part of joint on the models of A, B and C shapes, this part must be considered at the design. A shape is thought to have most fatigue damage among 3 shape models. C shape model has most excellent, but A model has least at fatigue durability. This study result is applied with the design of speaker placer and it can be useful at predicting prevention and durability against its damage.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.249-253
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• 2001

Fumonisin B1, a mycotoxin, is thought to induce esophageal cancer in humans and apoptosis in animal cells by inhibiting ceramide synthase. Dumonisin Bl may also generate reactive oxygen species directly or indirectly, leading to DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. In this study, a DNA fragmentation assay, dichlorofluorescein (DCF) analysis, and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) were used to investigate the involvement of cellular free radicals, specifically hydrogen peroxide, in the DNA damaging activity of fumonisin B1. From an in vitro DNA fragmentation assay, E. coli DNA, damage by fumonisin Bl was increased by the addition of superxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased by catalase. SCGE and DCF analysis in vivo showed that the nuclear DNA damage and intracellular free radicals in cultured rat hepatocytes treated with fumonisin B1 were increased with the concentration of fumonisin Bl . DNA damage and free radical generation were inhibited by the addition of catalase. Fumonisin Bl , in the presence of SOD, produces hydrogen peroxide causing oxidative DNA damage and protein malfunction, leading to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the toxin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.380-387
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• 2000

Recently Vibrio sp. are the most frequently isolated microorganism, which causing food poisoning. We investigated the detection of toxin genes and effect of chitosan to toxin genes with PCR. Thirty strains of Vibrio sp. were isolated from sea water and sea products through biological and biochemical tests. Out of 30 strains, 8 were identified as V. parahemolyticus, 7 as V. mimcus, 6 as V. damsela, 5 as V. vulnificus, 4 as V. alginoyticus. In detection of ctx, tdh, and t고 as food poisoning-causing toxin genes, ctx from 7 strains, trh from 4 strains and tdh from 6 strains were detected. Among toxin genes detected strains, we selected V. vulnificus-2 V. damsela-1 and V. parahemolyticus-7. As adding chitosan solution to PCR product of 3 strains, the amplified DNA bands were not detected over 450$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ concentrantion of chitosan. Over the result, chitosan is thought to influence the detection of toxin gene.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

This experiment was accomplished to investigate antioxidative activity of Korean mistletoe by organic solvents partitioning of methanol extact of 3 Korean mistletoes, fractionationing on column chromatography, and evaluation the reduction of a free radical ${\alpha}$,${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl. Butanol partition of Loranthus yadoriki MeOH extract showed higher electron donating ability than ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. It was thought phenolic compounds including gallic acid account for antioxidative activity, on execution sub-fractionation, electron donating ability evaluation, and GC/MS analysis, but further studies on what are major actives must be investigated exactly.