• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제15권10호
• /
• pp.951-960
• /
• 2006

The eco-hydrodynamic model was used to estimate the environmental capacity in Gamak Bay. It is composed of the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the simulation of water flow and ecosystem model for the simulation of phytoplankton. As the results of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation, the computed tidal currents are toward the inner part of bay through Yeosu Harbor and the southern mouth of the bay during the flood tide, and being in the opposite direction during the ebb tide. The computed residual currents were dominated southward flow at Yeosu Harbor and sea flow at mouth of bay, The comparison between the simulated and observed tidal ellipses at three station showed fairly good agreement. The distributions of COD in the Gamak bay were simulated and reproduced by an ecosystem model. The simulated results of COD were fairly good coincided with the observed values within relative error of 1.93%, correlation coefficient(r) of 0.88. In order to estimate the environmental capacity in Gamak bay, the simulations were performed by controlling quantitatively the pollution loads with an ecosystem model. In case the pollution loads including streams become 10 times as high as the present loads, the results showed the concentration of COD to be $1.33{\sim}4.74mg/{\ell}(mean\;2.28mg/{\ell})$, which is the third class criterion of Korean standards for marine water quality In case the pollution loads including streams become 30 times as high as the present loads, the results showed the concentration of COD to be $1.38{\sim}7.87mg/{\ell}(mean\;2.97mg/{\ell})$, which is the third class criterion of Korean standards for marine water quality. In case the pollution loads including streams become 50 times as high as the present loads, the results showed the concentration of COD to be $1.44{\sim}9.80mg/{\ell}(mean\;3.56mg/{\ell})$, which is the third class criterion of Korean standards for marine water quality.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국사회복지학회 2002년도 국제학술대회 자료집
• /
• pp.227-263
• /
• 2002

The Scandinavian cluster of welfare societies has for many years been considered a realisation of Richard Titmuss' institutional redistributive model of social policy. Recent reforms have, however challenged this assumption. The paper sets out to evaluate whether recent major changes in welfare provision are merely modifying the model or whether the Scandianian states are converging towards some kind of European social model. It is concluded that besides very many first order changes, such as reducing benefits, an number of second and third order changes have occurred; i.e. the institutional setting and the objective of the welfare states have changed during the 1990s. The Scandinavian welfare states are still distinct, but less so than a decade or two ago. The new elements are features usually associated with welfare models at play within the European Union. It is, hence, concluded that welfare in Scandinavia is undergoing a process of Europeanisation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.385-392
• /
• 2019

The present fractional-order plasticity models for granular soil are mainly established under the triaxial compression condition, due to its difficult in analytically solving the fractional differentiation of the third stress invariant, e.g., Lode's angle. To solve this problem, a three dimensional fractional-order elastoplastic model based on the transformed stress method, which does not rely on the analytical solution of the Lode's angle, is proposed. A nonassociated plastic flow rule is derived by conducting the fractional derivative of the yielding function with respect to the stress tensor in the transformed stress space. All the model parameters can be easily determined by using laboratory test. The performance of this 3D model is then verified by simulating multi series of true triaxial test results of rockfill.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.92-97
• /
• 2000

The Lyapunov stability theorem is used to derive a control law that can be used to control the spacing between vehicles in a platoon. A third order system is adopted to model the vehicle and power-train dynamics. In addition, the concept of

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.1503-1508
• /
• 2016

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.72-80
• /
• 2010

The main thrust of this paper is to investigate a practical way of generating the monthly averaged daily horizontal solar radiation in Korea. For estimating the horizontal solar radiation, the clearness index($K_T$) and the clearness number($C_N$) which are required for the use of Liu and Jordan's model and ASHRAE Clear Sky model were derived based on the measured weather data. Third-order polynomials returning $K_T$ and��$C_N$ for a given location were derived as a function of cloud amount, month, date, latitude and longitude. The predicted monthly averaged daily horizontal solar radiation values were compared with those acquired from the established design weather data. The MBE(Mean Bias Error) and RMSE (Root Mean Squares for Error) between the predicted values and the measured data were near zero. It means that the suggested third-order polynomials for $K_T$ and $C_N$ have good applicability to Liu and Jordan's model and ASHRAE Clear Sky model.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제18권7호
• /
• pp.669-672
• /
• 2012

This paper investigates an algorithm for robust fault diagnosis in robot manipulators. The TOSM (Third Order Sliding Mode observer) provides both theoretically exact observation and unknown fault identification without filtration. The EOI (Equivalent Output Injections) of the TOSM observers can be used as residuals for the problem of fault diagnosis and to identify the unknown faults. The obtained fault information can be used for fault detection, isolation as well as fault accommodation to the self-correcting failure system. The computer simulation results for a PUMA 560 robot are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1996년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
• /
• pp.1289-1291
• /
• 1996

In this paper, we propose a new adaptive pre-processing technique for the linearization of a weakly nonlinear system which can be modeled by a Volterra series up to third order. To compensate the nonlinear effects of a given system, an update algorithm for the linear filter coefficients of the proposed adaptive pre-processor is introduced, and to compensate the linear distortion of the given system, the linear inverse filter is also utilized. For the performance test of the proposed adaptive pre-processor, computer simulation results obtained by analyzing an ANRSS loudspeaker model are provided.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.269-282
• /
• 2021

A dynamic analytical solution for a simply supported, rectangular functionally graded plate with a porous middle layer under time-dependent load based on a refined third-order shear deformation theory with a cubic variation of in-plane displacements according to the thickness and linear/quadratic transverse displacement is presented. The solution achieved in the trigonometric series form and rests on the Green's function method. Two porosity types and their influence on material properties, and mechanical behavior are considered. The network of pores is assumed to be empty or filled with low-pressure air, and the material properties are calculated using the power-law distribution idealization. Numerical calculations have been carried out to demonstrate the accuracy of the kinematic model for the dynamic problem, the effect of porosity, thickness of porous layers, power-law index, and type of loading on the dynamic response of an imperfect functionally graded material plate.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.667-681
• /
• 2022

This paper presents a thermoelastic analysis of variable thickness plates made of functionally graded materials (FGM) subjected to mechanical and thermal loads. The thermal load is applied to the plate as a temperature difference between the top and bottom surfaces. Temperature distribution in the plate is obtained using the steady-state heat equation. Except for Poisson's ratio, all mechanical properties of the plate are assumed to vary linearly along the thickness direction based on the volume fractions of ceramic and metal. The plate is resting on an elastic foundation modeled based on the Winkler foundation model. The governing equations are derived based on the third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) and are solved numerically for various boundary conditions using the differential quadrature method (DQM). The effects of various parameters on the stress distribution and deflection of the plate are investigated such as the value of thermal and mechanical loads, volume fractions of ceramic and metal, and the stiffness coefficients of the foundation.