• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2001

본 연구는 동맥경화의 원인으로 알려진 사람 oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL)에 대한 chitin sulfate의 산화억제 효과에 대하여 실험하였다. 사람 LDL을 쥐의 마크로파지 유도 oxidized LDL로 산화시킬 때 chitin sulfate를 첨가하여 TBARS와 전기영동에 의한 이동상 및 $O_2$소거 기능을 확인하였다. 사람 LDL에 macrophage를 이용해서 LDL을 산화시킬 때 chitin sulfate를 50~100 $\mu$M 첨가하였을 때 억제 효과가 높았으며, chitin sulfate를 100 $\mu$M 첨가하였을 때 LDL의 산화가 거의 억제되었고, 전기영동에 의한 이동거리도 100 $\mu$M chitin sulfate에서 완전히 억제되었다. 그리고 phorbol myristate acetate를 처리한 마크로파아지 유도 활성 산소의 소거 효과는 chitin sulfate의 농도가 100$\mu$M일 때 거의 소거하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 chitin sulfate는 동맥경화의 예방에 효과적이라는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2002

한국산 수출용 냉장 등심을 2$^{\circ}C$에 50일간 저장하면서 육색, TBARS 및 VBN의 변화를 5일~ 10일 간격으로 조사하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 육색 변화에서 명도는 II와 III업체시료가 유의적으로 높았고, 저장기간에 따라 저장 35일까지 유의적으로 증가하다가 이후 감소하였다. 선도변화에서 TBARS 값이 저장 초기에는 I업체와 II업체 시료가 서로 비슷한 수준이었으나, 저장 40일 이후부터는 II업체와 III업체 시료가 I 업체 시료보다 높은 수준으로 나타났다. VBN 값은 수출업체간에 차이가 없었고, 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.1019-1028
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• 2018

The crust that inevitably forms on dry-aged beef is usually trimmed and discarded before sale. The aim of this study was to explore methods for utilizing this crust in processed meat products. Four sirloins were dry-aged for 28 d at $4^{\circ}C$ (75% relative humidity). The crust obtained from the surface of the sirloins after completion of dry aging was lyophilized. Patties were prepared without added crust (control) or with 5% w/w crust, aerobically packaged, and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 7 d. Electronic nose analysis indicated that the volatile profile differed significantly between the patties with and without crust. Compared to the control patties, patties containing crust had higher flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and acceptability scores in a sensory panel evaluation (all p<0.05). In addition, patties with crust were less hard, gummy, and chewy than the control patties after 3 and 7 d of storage (all p<0.05). The number of total aerobic bacteria was higher in raw patties with crust than in the control patties during the storage (p<0.05). However, no pathogens were detected. 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values of patties containing crust were significantly lower than those of control patties after 2 and 6 d of storage (both p<0.05). Thus, crust from dry-aged beef can enhance the flavor by providing beefy and palatable flavor without a long period of dry aging.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.1029-1042
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the use of golden thread extract (GTE), clove extract (CE), and commercially available nitrite for retarding lipid and protein oxidation and for maintaining color stability and sensory attributes in beef patties stored at $4^{\circ}C$. GTE, CE, and nitrite treatment samples were found to be efficient in retarding lipid oxidation as all three treatments resulted in low thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content (p<0.05). By using GTE, CE, and nitrite into beef patties, protein oxidation was not developed. Incorporation of GTE and CE into beef patties maintained color stability by protecting against the decrease of $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, chroma, and hue angle values and exhibited significant influence on sensory characteristics, including color and odor of beef patties (p<0.05). Compared to commercially available nitrite, GTE and CE were more effective as antioxidants for inhibiting lipid oxidation, and preserving color stability of fresh beef patties. The study indicated that GTE and CE could be utilized efficiently to extend the shelf life of beef patties.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.178-182
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• 1997

미곡부산물인 미강은 체내 콜레스테롤 함량을 낮추는 것으로 알려져 왔으나 이는 대부분이 미강 그 자체나 미강유를 이용한 연구결과이다. 본 연구에서는 미강의 식품소재화를 위한 연구의 일환으로 미강의 어느 획분이 흰쥐체내 지질함량에 영향을 미치는 가를 밝히고자 미강의 물추출물, 80% 메탄올 추출물 및 식이섬유-단백질 추출물을 조제하여 고지방식이와 함께 4주간 사육한 후 혈청 및 간장 중의 지질함량 및 간장중의 과산화물가의 변화를 조사하였다. 식이섬유-단백질 추출물군은 대조군에 비하여 고지방식이에 의한 체중증가량이 유의하게 감소되었으며 혈청지질 중에서는 식이섬유-단백질 추출물군의 총콜레스테를 농도가 유의하게 저하되었다. 간장에서는 실험군 모두가 고지방식이 대조군에 비하여 총지질함량이 현저하게 감소되었고 중성지방은 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 총콜레스테롤량은 식이섬유-단백질 추출물군에서 유의하게 감소되었다. 또한 각 실험군은 대조군에 비하여 간장 중 과산화물가가 유의하게 감소되었으며 특히 메탄올 추출물에서 가장 낮았다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2003

브로일러에 xanthophylls 급여가 계육의 색깔과 항산화력에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 30 ppm의 lutein, canthaxanthin, astasanthin, capsanthin을 생후6주 동안 브로일러에게 급여한 후 도계 처리하였다. 도계후 24시간에 가슴육과 다리육으로 발골하고 정육을 3$^{\circ}C$에 9일 동안 저장하였다. 저장기간 동안 모든 처리구의 pH는 증가하였다. 다리육의 pH는 가슴육에 비해 높은 값을 나타내었으나 처리구간의 차이는 없었다. Xanthophyll을 급여한 브로일러육은 대조구에 비해 저장기간중에 TBARS와 POV가 낮았고, 저장 9일에는 대조구와 비교하여 모든 xnathophylls 급여구에서 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). Xanthophyll을 급여하면 육색의 L(명도)값이 감소하고 a(적색도)값이 증가하였다. Astaxanthin을 급여한 브로일러의 가슴육이 저장중 항산화 효과가 있었고, canthaxanthin을 급여한 브로일러의 육이 착색효과가 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 육계에 Xanthophylls를 급여하면 일반육에 비해 육색이 농후해지며 저장 중 지방산화가 억제되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2009

Forsythiaside is a polyphenolic constituent of the fruits of Forsythia suspense Vahl which are widely used as anti-inflammatory herbal raw materials in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, the authors assessed the effects of forsythiaside on learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine using a passive avoidance and the Morris water maze tests in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by scopolamine treatment (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Forsythiaside (10 mg/kg, p.o) administration significantly prevented scopolamine-induced step-through latency reduction in the passive avoidance test and scopolamine-induced increased escape latency in the Morris water maze test (p<0.05). Moreover, in an ex-vivo study, forsythiaside treatment (10 mg/kg, p.o) significantly reduced the increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels induced by scopolamine (p<0.05). Taken together, the present study suggests that forsythiaside could be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment, and that its beneficial effects are mediated, in part, by its antioxidative properties.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.525-532
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the age-related changes of the lipid metabolism and thrombogenic capacity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at the ages of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 months old. Total lipid, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol in plasma and liver, HDL-cholesterol concentration, and eicosanoid contents in plasma were measured. Lipid peroxides were determined by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in LDL fraction. Body weight was increased continuous until 16 months and decreased after 20 months. Epididymal fat pad (EFP) weight was increased continuously until 20 months and decreased at 24 months. Total lipid and TG concentrations in plasma were increased until 20 months and then rapidly decreased at 24 months but plasma cholesterol was increased continuously with aging. HDL-cholesterol level was increased continuously until 12 months, but decreased at 16 months and maintained there after. The TBARS levels in LDL fraction were the highest level at 24 months. Liver total lipid, TG, and total cholesterol concentrations were shown a tendency to increase with aging, and especially TG concentration was increased rapidly from 12 months to 16 months. Plasma thromboxane B$_2$ (TXB$_2$) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F$_1$ (6-keto-PGF$_1$) contents did not change with aging, but the ratio of TXB$_2$/6-keto-PGF$_1$ was increased with aging, especially from 8 to 12 months. These results showed that lipid levels in plasma and liver, TBARS levels in LDL fraction, and TXB$_2$/6-keto-PGF$_1$ ratio were increased with aging.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2002

We compared the radical scavenging activity of flavonoids and their antioxidant effects on erythrocyte Na leak, platelet aggregation and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) production, using Sprague Dawley rats. The concentrations of flavonoids needed for scavenging radicals by 50% ($SC_{50}$) in 0.1mM DPPH (2,2 Diphenyl 1-picryl hydrazyl) were: Quercetin, 7.4/$\mu$M; Catechin, 10.6$\mu$M; Morin, 22$\mu$M; Hesperidin, 400uM; and Naringin, 3.95mM. Morin completed its antioxidant activity in 2 minutes, while catechin, hesperidin and naringin had slow but long lasting antioxidant activity. Whole blood platelet aggregation, when incubated with quercetin or catechin, was significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with the control. Sodium leak in intact erythrocytes was significantly lower when incubated with quercetin, compared with other flavonoids (P<0.05). Morin, hesperidin and naringin somewhat increased Na leak in intact erythrocytes. Sodium leak in erythrocytes treated with phenazine methosulfate (PMS) was increased overall, but was not affected by flavonoids. Intracelluar Na and K were not affected by treatment with PMS. TBARS production in platelet rich plasma (PRP) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the control when incubated with quercetin or hesperidin. PMS treatment caused an increase in TBARS production regardless of flavonoids. In the present study antioxidant effects of flavonoids were not well correlated with their radical scavenging activities, although quercetin, which showed the strongest radical scavenging activity, had the greatest antioxidant effect.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2004

Body antioxidant status is an important factor for the prevention of many chronic diseases in the elderly. This study was done to investigate antioxidant status and its relationship to immune response by measuring plasma cytokine (IL-2 and IL-6) levels in elderly women. Subjects were 76 elderly women aged over 60 years, visiting Jangwhi Social Welfare Center of Seongbook-Gu in Seoul. Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to age (< 65, 65 - 74, > 75). Dietary intakes were assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (SFFQ). Plasma vitamin C level was measured by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method and plasma levels of vitamin E, A and ${\beta}$-carotene were measured by HPLC. Plasma levels of IL-2 and IL-6 were determined with a solid phase sandwich enzyme linked-immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) using commercial kits. The average intakes of antioxidant vitamins were 96.3mg (137.5% of RDA) for vitamin C and 523.3 ${\mu}$gRE (74.8% of RDA) for vitamin A in elderly women. All of the average plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins were within normal range. However the percentage of the elderly women with deficiency plus marginal values were 7.9% in vitamin C, 9.2% in vitamin A and 7.9% in vitamin E. Plasma levels of IL-2 and IL-6 were 27.1${\pm}$7.1pg/ml and 5.9${\pm}$5.3pg/ml in elderly women. Correlation data showed that plasma IL-2 level was negatively correlated with plasma vitamin C level. In addition, IL-6 level was also negatively correlated with plasma vitamin C, A and E levels, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between erythrocyte thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance(TB-ARS) level and plasma IL-2 or IL-6 levels. In addition, erythrocyte TBARS level showed a significant positive correlation with plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) level and a significant negative correlation with plasma vitamin C level. Overall results might imply that the decreased levels of antioxidant vitamins result in an increase in oxidative stress and thereby increase cytokine production such as IL-2 and IL-6. However further research is required to elucidate these relationships.