• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.219-228
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• 2006

Objectives : To observe the effect of acupuncture treatment on Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI) in frozen shoulder patients. Methods : 17 voluntary patients received acupuncture treatment on LI15, TE14, GB21 and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwan and Gyun-joong, twice a week for 4 weeks. The patients were instructed to practice self exercise during their daily lives. Evaluations were made before treatment, after 1 week of treatment, after 2 weeks, 3 weeks and after 4 weeks of treatment. Constant Shoulder Assessment(CSA), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI), Range of Motion(ROM) and the patient's satisfaction concerning the treatment was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). DITI was measured before treatment and after 4weeks of treatment. The obtained data was analyzed. Results : CSA, SPADI, VAS, adduction and extension showed significant(p<0.05) improvement. Abduction and flexion both improved after 4 weeks of treatment, but the improvement was statistically insignificant(p>0.05). DITI showed improvement but the improvement was insignificant(p>0.05). Conclusion : 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment significantly improved CSA, SPADI, VAS, adduction and extension in frozen shoulder patients(p<0.05). The improvement of abduction and flexion after 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment was insignificant(p>0.05). DITI results improved after 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment. But the change of thermal difference was insignificant(p>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2011

An infrared thermographic imaging module of [$320{\times}256$] focal-plane array (FPA) based on [InAs/GaSb] strained-layer superlattice (SLS) was fabricated, and its images were demonstrated. The p-i-n device consisted of an active layer (i) of 300-period [13/7]-ML [InAs/GaSb]-SLS and a pair of p/n-electrodes of (60/115)-period [InAs:(Be/Si)/GaSb]-SLS. FTIR photoresponse spectra taken from a test device revealed that the peak wavelength (${\lambda}_p$) and the cutoff wavelength (${\lambda}_{co}$) were approximately $3.1/2.7{\mu}m$ and $3.8{\mu}m$, respectively, and it was confirmed that the device was operated up to a temperature of 180 K. The $30/24-{\mu}m$ design rule was applied to single pixel pitch/mesa, and a standard photolithography was introduced for [$320{\times}256$]-FPA fabrication. An FPA-ROIC thermographic module was accomplished by using a $18/10-{\mu}m$ In-bump/UBM process and a flip-chip bonding technique, and the thermographic image was demonstrated by utilizing a mid-infrared camera and an image processor.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2004

Cold hypersensitivity means a condition feeling cold at a temperature when one should not feel so. Cold hypersensitivity has been diagnosed based on the patient's subjective complaints. But these days, cold hypersensitivity can be diagnosed by the help of D.I.T.I.(Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging) This study is designed to verify the validity of diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity by D.I.T.I. Thermographic findings of 100 outpatients who visited the Kangnam Korean Hospital, KyungHee University, Seoul, Korea, from June 2000 to November 2000 were analyzed. The experimental group consisted of 50 patients who complained cold hypersensitivity, and for the control group, 50 patients who did not complain cold hypersensitivity. For the diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity of the hands, thermographic measurements were performed on two pairs of areas(palm-upper arm and back of hand-upper arm). And for that of the feet, other two pairs of areas(anterior thigh-top of the feet and posterior thigh-heel). When the criterion for thermal deviation between the palm and the upper arm was appointed as higher than $0.3^{\circ}C$, the sensitivity was 94.0% and the specificity, 90.0%. And when the criterion for that between the anterior thigh and the top of feet was appointed higher than $2.0^{\circ}C$, the sensitivity was 94.0% and the specificity, 76.0%. Through this study, the diagnostic standard for cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet could be presented.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.63-72
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• 2003

Objective : he purposes of this study are to evaluate the efficacy of Bee Venom therapy(BV) on HNP(Herniation of Nucleus Purposus) of Lumbar spine by use of Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Pain Rating Scale(PRS) and Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI), and to investigate their correlation. Methods : We researched 20 patients who were diagnosed by MRI as having a HNP, and treated them by Oriental medical therapy(including BV) for 4 weeks. The evaluation was peformed twice(admission day and after treatment for 4 weeks), and we compared the results. Results : 1. VAS, PRS and ${\Delta}t$(by DITI) were decreased after BV for 4 weeks significantly(p<0.01). 2. There was significant correlation between VAS and PRS(p<0.05). 3. There was significant correlation between PRS and ${\Delta}t$(p<0.05). 4. There was no significant correlation between VAS and ${\Delta}t$. Conclusions : BV improved HNP subjectively and objectively, and correlation was found between VAS and PRS and between PRS and ${\Delta}t$. Further study is needed for investigating their correlation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.427-435
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• 2015

Here we report a case of a patient with Raynaud phenomenon due to Buerger’s disease to present the curative effects of herbal medicine in Buerger’s disease. The patient presented with pain, redness, and cyanosis of hands and feet. We used Korean medicine treatment modalities including acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicines. We observed changes in symptoms through digital infrared thermographic imaging, taking photos of both hands and feet. After treatment, the symptoms of pain, redness, and cyanosis of both hands and feet were decreased and digital infrared thermographic imaging proved a rise in temperature of fingers and toes.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2000

Depression is a psychiatric syndrom consisting of dejected mood, psychomotor retardation, insomnia and weight loss, sometimes associated with irrational guilt feeling. And it is also similiar to Hwa-byung(火病) symptom in oriental medicine. But it is difficult to diagnose with objective method. Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(D.I.T.I.) is one of diagnotic method that measure the changes of skin temperature in body. Specially we checked the skin temperature on depressed patients by using D.I.T.I. and compared with Bell's palsy patients and normal persons group. The results are as follows; Average body temperature of the depressed patient group is $36.68{\pm}0.43^{\circ}C.$ and that of the control group is $36.73{\pm}0.40^{\circ}C.$. So there is no meaningful difference. The depressed patient group has higher temperature than the control group by ${\triangle}T>1.0^{\circ}C$ at the following acupuncture points in these body parts - upper and lower, left and right, anterior and posterior. When acupuncture points temperature was compared superior and inferior part of the body, depressed patient group have meaningful difference at the GV-4(Myung-moon) and also in the control group. When acupuncture points temperature was compared left and right part of the body, depressed patient group have no meaningful difference and also in the control group. When acupuncture points temperature was compared in the anterior and posterior part of the body, depressed patient group have meaningful difference at the GV-4(Myung- moon) and also in the control group. From this study, we think that D.I.T.I. could be used to diagnose objectively on the depressed patients and useful to another psychoneurogenic diagnosis in oriental medicine.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.159-170
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• 2001

The purpose of this pilot study was to identify the effects of hand moxibustion therapy to decrease pain and relieve coldness of the body in women who had a hysterectomy. The conceptual framework of this study was derived from Ying-Yang, Khi and other corresponding theories. The data were collected from February to May 1997. A Graphic Rating scale was used to measure the degree of pain and Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(D.I.T.I) was used to examine the degree of coldness. The subjects were women who resided in Seoul and had a hysterectomy within five years. An experimental group was composed of five women who received moxibustion and a control group was composed of five who did not. The research procedure began with having both the experimental group and control group describe their general characteristics and the degree of pain they perceived. Then, Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(D.I.T.I) was conducted. Moxibustion was only given to the experimental group on both hands twice every day for a total of five weeks. Their perception of pain and D.I.T.I were examined weekly. The control group received no therapy. After finishing therapy, the perception of pain and D.I.T.I for both groups were also measured. According to this study, moxibustion therapy resulted in a change of body temperature on the right shoulder joint(p=0.00074), abdomen(p= 0.0047), waist(p=0.0068) and hands(p=0.0317) respectively. Also, the study results showed significant decrease (p=0.0001) in pain over time and significant improvement over body coldness.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.355-367
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• 2001

치의학 분야에서 디지탈 근적외선 체열측정 장치(digital infrared thermographic imaging; DITI)의 응용이 미미한 것은 과거 열측정장치의 기술력이 부족한 것이 주된 요인이었다. 그러나 최근들어 기술이 진보함에 따라 실시간 열영상을 재현할 수 있게 되었고 이는 치의학 및 의학계에 많은 관심을 일으키고 있다. 지금까지의 연구를 보면 두개하악장애시 구강영역의 온도변화의 임상적 효용 가능성을 제시하였으나 안면 및 두경부에 대한 실제 기기 및 측정방법의 신뢰도에 대한 연구는 이루어지지 못한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 DITI에 대한 신뢰도를 조사하였다. DITI의 모니터 상에서 비활동성 발통점의 부위를 찾아내기가 쉽지 않다. 따라서 모니터상에서 안면발통점(joint, temporalis anterior, masseter anterior, masseter inferior)의 부위를 찾아 온도를 찾아내는 방법과 미리 발통점 피부상에 링모양의 마크를 부착하여 모니터상에서 쉽게 찾아내는 방법을 사용하여 신뢰도를 조사하여 비교한 결과 다음과 같다. 1. 조사한 발통점 중에서 temporalis anterior, joint, masseter anterior과 masseter inferior의 순서로 피부온도가 유의하게 온도가 높았으나(p<0.05) masseter 내에서는 유의한 차이를 보여주지 않았다. 2. 4개의 발통점 모두에서 높은 열적 대칭성을 보였으며, 좌우 온도차이는 $0.1^{\circ}C$미만이었다. 3. 다른 시기에 조사한 조사자내 신뢰도는 두 조사자 모두 높은 상관관계를 보여주지 않았으며 대조군과 마크를 사용한 군간에는 뚜렷한 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 4. 동일한 시기에 조사한 조사자간 신뢰도는 두 시기 모두 joint 부위의 일부를 제외하고 높은 상관관계를 보여주었으며, 마크를 사용한 경우 사용하지 않은 경우 보다 훨씬 신뢰도가 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 DITI는 두개하악장애환자에 대한 두경부 발통점의 온도변화를 측정하는 데 있어 시간에 따른 신뢰도는 결여되었으나 동일 시기의 측정에는 매우 유익할 것으로 사료되며, 특히 발통점에 대한 표시를 사용하는 경우 매우 정확한 온도를 조사할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 1997

Shoulder hand syndrome is characterized by pain, vasomotor instability, and tenderness, mainly in the distal upper extremity. The pathophysiologic mechanism of this syndrome is not yet proved. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of thermographic imaging on shoulder hand syndrome after stroke for early diagnosis and its clinical pattern analysis including acupuncture and electroacupuncture therapy. This study was performed from June to September in 1996 on 46 stroke patients who were admitted at Oriental hospital of Kyung Hee Medical Center. The study group were 23 patients with shoulder hand syndrome. The control group were 23 patients without shoulder hand syndrome. Skin temperatures on the both upper extremities were measured by Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(D.I.T.I.) before the study and 3 weeks later again. The results were as follows; 1. The shoulder hand syndrome group were significantly more restricted in shoulder passive range of motion than the control group. 2. The shoulder hand syndrome group showed significant temperature difference of both dorsal hands. 3. The electroacupunture therapy group were significantly more improved on the temperature difference of both dorsal hands than acupuncture therapy group in 3 weeks later. 4. Both posterior arms showed the biggest temperature difference from 11 to 30 days in shoulder hand syndrome group. 5. The lesser passive ROM(range of motion) of shoulder group showed significantly increased temperature difference of both hands. The above results show that measurement of shoulder passive range of motion and D.I.T.I. is a useful method for early diagnosis on shoulder hand syndrome and its clinical pattern analysis including evaluation of acupuncture and electroacupuncture therapy. Continuous study will be needed for more clinical application and evaluation on shoulder hand syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.62-75
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate possibility of DITI as prognosis evaluation tool of facial palsy. Methods : We investigate prognosis of facial palsy through EMR(Electronic Medical Record) of inpatient from December 2016 to June 2017. We evaluated the sex, age distribution, length of hospital stay, paralysis site, number of treatment after discharge, change of H-B Grade at entrance and exit, temperature difference of both sides of DITI, and Nerve Conduction Study(NCS) with reference to EMR recorded symptom change. Results : 1. Significant correlations were not found between DITI and House-Brackmann Grade change, NCS(%), the date of admission. 2. There was a negative correlation between NCS(%) and hospitalization period in patients with facial palsy. The higher the NCS, the faster the recovery rate of facial palsy. 3. In patients with facial palsy, the temperature difference between the two sides after the DITI image shows that the affected side tends to be lower than the normal side. Conclusions : In this study, only DITI temperature difference between both sides of face is not significant in determining the prognosis of facial palsy. Further research is needed to conduct DITI at the same time and to improve accuracy through a sufficient assessment of the degree of facial palsy.