• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.712-717
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• 2009

Ondol is a tradtional Korea heating system with a long history. The ondol heating system is a default in ordinary houses and high-rise apartment alike. But Intensified Architecture Law insulation standard can't satisfied standard insulation only light weight concrete in ondol. The between light weight concrete and slab apply EPS insulation is construct for generate a method of construction. The standard insulation for floor heating system is responsible but complicate construction thermal transmittance and absorber, deteriorate the cost and decreasing the performance insulation & impact floor sound. In study on the evaluation decrease heating-load of floor construction of the insulation & absorber that improvement floor a Apartment house.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

Entering in the time of high oil price, seriousness of an energy effect sector has given a huge impact and the importance of energy is growing. Especially, building energy occupying 24% of total demand of energy can be expected to reduce energy demand more than other section. To do this, the Building Energy Rating System is applied and implemented in Apartment houses on Jeju, South and Central region. This system calculates into energy saving rate, and certifies the building energy rating. This study evaluates the energy saving rate and rating and compares the difference in energy savings considering to each region and the thermal performance of the window. In result, the standard of the assessment house which is applied to the build energy rating system is demanded to distinguish the thermal performance of window according to regional variation.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.18-23
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• 2016

Cell walls of microalgae consist of a polysaccharide and glycoprotein matrix providing the cells with a formidable defense against its environment. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of microalgae is primarily inhibited by the chemical composition of their cell walls containing biopolymers able to resist bacterial degradation. Adoption of pre-treatments such as thermal, thermal hydrolysis, ultrasound and enzymatic hydrolysis have the potential to remove these inhibitory compounds and enhance biogas yields by degrading the cell wall, and releasing the intracellular algogenic organic matter (AOM). This paper preproposal stage investigated the effect of different pre-treatments on microalgae cell wall, and their impact on the quantity of soluble biomass released in the media and thus on the digestion process yields. This Paper present optimum approach to degradation of the cell wall by ultra-sonication with practical design specification parameter for ultrasound based pretreatment system. As a result of this paper presents, a microalgae system in a wastewater treatment flowsheet for residual nutrient uptake can be justified by processing the waste biomass for energy recovery. As a conclusion on this result, Low energy harvesting technologies and pre-treatment of the algal biomass are required to improve the overall energy balance of this integrated system.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2018

This paper presents the results of a study that investigated the influence of using recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) on the properties of pervious concrete (PC). The natural aggregate (NA) was replaced by RCA and RAP in the PC with replacement levels of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% by the total weight of NA, respectively. In addition to incorporating RAP and RCA in the same mixes with replacement levels of: (1) 20% RAP and 80% RCA; (2) 60% RAP and 40% RCA; and (3) 80% RAP and 20% RCA. Water permeability, thermal conductivity, density, porosity, void content, and compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths were studied in this paper. The results showed that using RCA, RAP, and (RAP-RCA) enhanced the properties of PC in general and improved the mechanical properties significantly in particular. The optimum mix was reported to be the 60% RAP and 40% RCA. Accordingly, the RAP has the potential to be used in PC in order to reduce the negative impact of RAP on the human health and environment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1272-1280
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• 2001

An experimental study has been conducted to elucidate the resonance of natural convection in a side-heated square enclosure having a mechanically oscillating bottom wall. Under consideration is the impact of the imposed oscillating frequency, amplitude and the system Rayleigh number on the fluctuation of air temperatures. The experimental results show that the magnitude of the fluctuation of air temperature is substantially augmented at a specific forcing frequency of the oscillating bottom wall. The resonant frequency is increased with the increase of the Rayleigh number and it is little affected by the amplitude of the oscillating wall. It is also found that the resonant frequency is relevant to the Brunt- V$\"{a}$iS$\"{a}$l$\"{a}$ frequency which represents the stratification degree of the system.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.79-87
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• 2009

Residential Buildings should provide high-quality, comfortable environments to support the activities of their occupants. The indoor environment of residential buildings, which includes thermal, lighting, acoustic, and indoor air quality, has a significant impact on health and quality of life. The comfortable living environment in residential buildings result from appropriately combining these environmental quality factors, and the performance of building systems must be compatible with the activities of the occupants. The objective of this research is to investigate and analyze the relationship between physical environmental conditions and occupant responses for improving environmental quality (EQ) in apartment buildings with four different building orientations (i.e. E, W, S, N) in two different seasons (i.e. winter and summer). The occupant survey was conducted in actual apartment buildings. The Physical environmental conditions in apartment buildings differed substantially depending on space, outdoor weather conditions and building orientations. Each space within the same apartment building had different environmental conditions. Combinations of unbalanced physical environmental conditions in apartment building decrease occupants' satisfactions and their perceptions of overall residential quality. Occupants' satisfaction and their responses to physical characteristics of their residential environment is related to thermal, lighting, acoustic, and indoor air conditions in their buildings. The result from this research will help designers and researchers to identify problems and develop solutions for improving environmental quality from the occupants' point of view.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.114-126
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean thermality index (KTI) based on the distribution patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates according to altitude and latitude. Analyzing seasonal data (4,853 sampling units) surveyed and collected during 2007 ~ 2011 at 846 sites in South Korea, we estimated thermal valency, thermal value and indicator weight value of 208 species. Among them, 40 species in 6 orders (Decapoda 1 species, Collembola 1 species, Ephemeroptera 5 species, Plecoptera 17 species, Diptera 3 species, Trichoptera 13 species) were selected as the candidate indicator species sensitive and vulnerable to warmth along with climate change. KTI and Benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI) were tested at three clean streams (Hangye stream, Buk stream and Bangtae stream). KTI showed significant differences according to altitude and water temperature whereas the saprobity index BMI showed little differences. This result means that KTI can be applicable to assess the impact of water temperature independently of organic pollutants.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2009

An aqueous ribose-cysteine model system (initial pH 5.6) was conventionally heated to the same browning at varying temperatures ($120-180^{\circ}C$), supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-$CO_2$, 20 MPa) was also applied on the same matrices for same periods at each temperature and about 20% reduction of the absorbance at 420 nm was observed as compared with sole thermal treatment. The headspace volatiles from Maillard reaction mixtures were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and predominated with sulfur containing compounds, such as thienothiophenes, polysulfur alicyclics, thiols, and disulfides. Reaction temperature exhibited complex effects on volatiles formation and those effects became further complicated by the SC-$CO_2$ treatment. The formation of noncarbonyl polysulfur heterocyclic compounds and thienothiophenes was generally favored at high temperatures. Most volatiles were inhibited in SC-$CO_2$ as compared with thermal treatment alone, however, the well-known meaty aromatic compounds, such as thiols and disulfides, were obviously enhanced.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.6 s.208
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• pp.133-144
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to obtain and offer useful information on innerwear industry through an analysis of consumer purchasing behavior and preference of their between the 20's and 60's. From 310 questionnaires that were distributed, 308 with usable data were coded for further statistical analysis including descriptive statistics(frequency and chi-square test), by using SPSSWIN 10.0. The results were as follows.: It was found that the innerwear for men in their 20's should be developed in an attempt to place greater emphasis on improving functions as an outwear such as impact absorption and protection articulation required for outdoor activities such 3s mountain climbing and in-line skating, rather than the function of thermal insulation. In addition, the development of new materials that improves the hygroscopicity and rapid dryness is needed. For men in their 30's and 40's, the results suggest that innerwear should be designed as thinly as possible without compromising the silhouette of the outwear. For those in their 50's and 60's, it is recommended to intensify the aspects of health and hygiene of the innerwear, while maintaining the function of thermal insulation. Given that a large number of women purchase men's innerwear for their partners, it is important to strengthen the designs and marketing strategy specifically tailored to women's purchasing power.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.429-435
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• 2010

Although recently revised building code requires 15~20% increased thermal insulation performance for window systems, since the code is focusing on winter heat loss, it is not satisfactory to contribute on reducing rapidly rising cooling load in summer. Window systems have great impact on building heat gain and loss. Therefore technological development for window system specialized in shading solar gain in summer is an urgent matter. This study evaluates the performance of sun shading and thermal insulation for blind integrated window system. Also, computer simulation evaluates the effect of heating and cooling energy consumption reduction for an individual unit(floor area of $85m^2$) of a multi-family housing. Physibel Voltra, a heat transfer analysis software, was used to analyse the effect of energy consumption reduction, and the energy load was converted to the cost to compare the actual effect of economical benefit.