• 터널과지하공간
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 TOUGH2-FLAC3D 연계해석기법을 이용하여 암반공동에 고온의 열에너지를 30년간 저장하는 경우 주변 암반에 야기되는 열-수리-역학적 연계거동을 살펴보았다. 열에너지저장에 따른 암반의 거동 특성 및 환경 영향을 예측하고 이에 대한 제어기준을 수립하기 위한 기초 연구로서, 저장소 주변 암반에서 발생하는 열-수리 흐름과 역학적 거동의 상호작용에 대하여 검토하였다. 기본해석으로서 결정질 암반 내 원통형 공동에$350^{\circ}C$의 대용량 열에너지를 저장하는 경우를 모델링하였으며, 열에너지저장소의 단열성능은 고려하지 않았다. 암반 내 열전달의 주요 메카니즘은 암반의 전도에 의한 것으로 판단되며, 암반의 역학적 거동은 수리적 요소보다는 열적 요소에 지배적인 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 암반과 지하수 가열에 따른 유효응력 재분포 양상과 열팽창으로 인한 암반 변위 및 지표 융기를 검토하였으며, 주변 암반에서의 전단파괴 위험도를 정량적인 수치를 통해 제시하였다. 암반 가열에 따른 열팽창으로 인하여 지표면에서 수 cm의 융기가 발생하였으며, 저장공동 상부에 인장응력이 크게 발달하면서 전단파괴의 위험도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.351-355
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• 2011

Al/SiC composites were fabricated by thermal spray process, and the dry sliding wear tests were performed using the various sliding speed of 10, 30, 60 and 90 RPM through 1000 cycles. The applied load was 10 N and radius of wear track was 15 mm. Wear tracks on the Al/SiC composites were investigated using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). In the case of sliding speed of 10 RPM, adhesive wear behavior caused by plastic deformation of composits surface was observed. In the cases of sliding speed of 30, 60, 90 RPM, abrasive wear behavior on the adhered layer formed by debris were observed. Through this study, it was found that the wear behavior of Al/SiC composites was mainly influenced by the sliding speed.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.77-82
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• 1999

Resistance spot welding process is completed in very short time and there are many factors affecting on the generation of heat. It is difficult to control these experimental factors and monitor distribution of the temperature and stresses in the experimental analysis case. and too much time and expense are required for the experimental trials to fine proper welding condition. So numerical analyses have been attempted steadily, but most numerical analyses on the resistance spot welding are mainly focused on thermal behavior. Therefore, in this paper, the numerical analysis of mechanical behavior as well as heat conduction is carried out for the spot welding process. For this numerical analysis, axial symmetric computer program for the spot welding analysis by F.E.M. has been developed considering heat conduction and thermal elastic-plastic theory. Material properties depending on temperature such as density, heat conductivity, heat expansion coefficient, specific heat, yield stress, elastic modulus, and specific resistance are considered. Using the results of temperature distribution obtained from heat conduction analysis, the thermal elastic-plastic analysis is carried out to clarify mechanical behavior of spot welded specimen. In order to evaluate the effect of residual stresses, numerical analyses are carried out under tension-shear load in two cases respectively; one with residual stress, the other without residual stresses.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 2015

What causes the transformation of a solar cell is the behavior difference of thermal expansion occurred between the substrate and the layer of semiconductor used in the solar cell. Therefore, the substrate has to possess a behavior of thermal expansion that is similar with that of semiconductor layer. This study employed electroforming to manufacture Fe-Ni alloy materials of different compositions. To verify the result from a finite element analysis, a two-dimensional Mo substrate was calculated and its verification experiment was conducted. The absolute values from the finite element analysis of Mo/substrate structure and its verification experiment showed a difference. However, the size of residual stress of individual substrate compositions had a similar tendency. Two-dimensional CIGS/Mo/$SiO_2$/substrate was modeled. Looking into the residual stress of CIGS layer occurred while the temperature declined from $550^{\circ}C$ to room temperature, the smallest residual stress was found with the use of Fe-52 wt%Ni substrate material.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2008

콘크리트포장은 시공초기의 품질관리수준에 따라 전체수명이 결정될 정도로 시공초기의 품질관리가 매우 중요하다. 이러한 초기 품질관리는 콘크리트포장의 초기거동을 잘 파악하여 초기거동을 조절할 수 있는 방안을 도출하는 것이 중요하다. 콘크리트포장의 초기거동에 영향을 주는 요소는 크게 두 가지가 있다. 첫째는 콘크리트의 건조수축이고, 두 번째는 수화열 및 대기온도 변화에 따른 포장체의 온도변화이다. 따라서, 콘크리트의 열팽창계수와 건조수축은 콘크리트의 초기거동에 매우 중요한 요소라 할 수 있다. 지금까지의 열팽창계수는 완전히 양생된 콘크리트에 대해 실험하는 것이 일반적이었기 때문에 시공초기에 열팽창계수를 얻는데 한계가 있어 왔다. 또 건조수축도 시간방법의 한계로 초기 건조수축을 측정하는데 어려움이 있어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트포장의 초기 거동을 조절할 수 있는 방안을 도출하기 위하여, 콘크리트의 초기 건조수축과 열팽창계수를 측정하고 이를 통해 콘크리트포장의 초기 거동 예측프로그램의 입력변수들과 적용 모델들에 대한 자료제공 및 검증을 위 한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 본 연구에서 얻은 결론은 현장에서 초기 콘크리트의 열팽창계수 값을 측정한 결과 $8.9{\sim}10.8{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ 값을 나타내었으며, 콘크리트의 건조수축에 있어서 깊이별 effect와 size effect가 존재하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2008

Effects of top coat morphology and thickness on thermal fatigue behavior of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) were investigated in this study. Thermal fatigue tests were conducted on three coating specimens with different top coat morphology and thickness, and then the test data were compared via microstructures, cycles to failure, and fracture surfaces. In the air plasma spray specimens (APS1, APS2), top coat were 200 and $300{\mu}m$ respectively. The thickness of top coat was about $700{\mu}m$ in the perpendicular cracked specimen (PCS). Under thermal fatigue condition at $1,100^{\circ}C$, the cycles to top coat failure of APS1, APS2, and PCS were 350, 560 and 480 cycles, respectively. The cracks were initiated at the interface of top coat and thermally grown oxide (TGO) and propagated into TGO or top coat as the number of thermal fatigue cycles increased. For the PCS specimen, additive cracks were initiated and propagated at the starting points of perpendicular cracks in the top coat. Also, the thickness of TGO and the decrease of aluminium concentration in bond coat do not affect the cycles to failure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.1481-1485
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• 2020

The creep behavior of Ni-Cr-W alloy at 950 ℃ has been investigated by a novel creep testing system which is capable of in-situ measurement of strain. Tubular specimens were pressurized with argon gas for effective stresses up to 32 MPa. Experimental results show that the thermal fatigue reduces the creep life of the tubular specimens and with the introduction of thermal cycling fatigue the primary stage disappears and the creep rate higher than the pure thermal creep (without thermal fatigue). Also the creep behavior of Ni-Cr-W alloy doesn't consist in the secondary stage. A new creep equation has been derived and implemented into finite element method. The results from the finite element analyses are in good agreement with the creep experiment.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2002년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.265-268
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• 2002

In this work, the blend system of epoxy and PMR-15 polyimide is investigated in terms of the cure behaviors and thermal stabilities. The cure behaviors are studied in DSC measurements and thermal stabilities are also carried out by TGA analysis. DDM (4, 4'-diamino diphenyl methane) is used as curing agent for EP and the content of PMR-15 is varied within 0, 5, 10, 35, and 20 phr to neat EP. As a result, the cure activation energy ($E_a$) is increased at 10 phr of PMR-15, compared with that of neat EP. From the TGA results of EP/PMR-15 blend system, the thermal stabilities based in the initial decomposed temperature (IDT) and integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) are increased with increasing the PMR-15 content. The fracture toughness, measured in the context of critical stress intensity factor ($K_{IC}$) and critical strain energy release rate ($G_{IC}$), shows a similar behavior with $E_a$. This result is probably due to the crosslinking developed by the interactions between intermolecules in the polymer chains.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권9호
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• pp.629-636
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• 2012

Volume shrinkage behavior accompanying the cure of resin formulations might be a critical factor when assembly processes using polymer materials are considered. In this study, cure shrinkage behavior with respect to resin formulation type and heating method was measured on sandwich structure samples by a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA). Quartz, used as a cover material for the sandwich structure, indicated the coefficient of thermal expansion close to $0ppm/^{\circ}C$. When a dynamic heating mode was conducted, a squeeze-out region and a cross-linking region for each resin formulation could be separated clearly with overlapping differential scanning calorimeter results on the TMA results. In addition, a cure shrinkage dominant region and a thermal expansion dominant region in the cross-linking region were distinguished. Consequently, the degree of cure at the initiation of the thermal expansion dominant region was successfully measured. Measurement of all resin formulations indicated the thermal expansion behavior exceeded cure shrinkage before full cure.

• 한국기계기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.745-750
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• 2018

In this study, the thermal behavior of adaptor housing was analyzed by the numerical method. The boundary conditions used to die casting process were the temperature of molten metal and injection time. As the temperature of the molten metal increased, the tensile strength of the product decreased by the blow hole generated in the molten metal, and the decreasing tendency was gradually decreased. As the injection time of the molten metal increased, the heat flux rose, but the degree of the increase was very small. So, the injection time of the molten metal had little effect on the thermal behavior and diffusion of the adapter housing. As a result, the heat of the molten metal was transferred into the housing and the thermal behavior spread widely.