• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.289-298
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• 1988

The thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) and poly($\alpha$-methylstyrene-co-acrylonitrile)(SAN) mixtures were carried out using the thermogravimetry(TG) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) in the stream of nitrogen and air with 50 ml/min at the various heating rate from 4 to $20^{\circ}C/min$ and temperature from 20 to $500^{\circ}C$. The value of activation energies of thermal degradation determined by TG and DSC in the various PMMA/SAN mixtures were 34-54 kcal/mol in the stream of nitrogen. The value of activation energy of SAN 60% mixture were appeared high in comparison with addition rule. PMMA/SAN mixtures by the analysis of infrared spectrophotometer were decomposed by main chain scission in the stream of nitrogen.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1989

The thermal degradation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)(ABS) terpolymer as well as their mixtures were carried out using the thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) in the stream of nitrogen and air with 50 ml/min at the various heating rate from 4 to $20^{\circ}C/min$ and temperature from 200 to $300^{\circ}C$ The values of activation energies of thermal degradation determined by TG and DSC in the various PMMA/ABS mixtures were $34{\sim}58Kcal/mol,\;35{\sim}54Kcal/mol$ in the stream of nitrogen. The values of activation energy of ABS20% mixture was appeared high in camparison with addition rule. According to increasing the composition of ABS, the temperatures of glass transition and initial decomposition temperature were increased. PMMA/ABS mixtures by the analysis of infrared spectrophotometer were decomposed by main chain scission in the stream of nitrogen.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.484-491
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• 2017

Chalcogenide glasses have been investigated in their thermodynamic, structural, and optical properties for application in various opto-electronic devices. In this study, the $Sb_{20}Se_{80-x}Ge_x$ with x = 10, 15, 20, and 25 were selected to investigate the glass stability according to germanium ratios. The thermal, structural, and optical properties of these glasses were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-Vis-IR Spectrophotometry, respectively. The DSC results revealed that $Ge_{20}Sb_{20}Se_{60}$ composition showing the best glass stability theoretically results due to a lower glass transition activation energy of 230 kJ/mol and higher crystallization activation energy of 260 kJ/mol. The structural and optical analyses of annealed thin films were carried out. The XRD analysis reveals obvious results associated with glass stabilities. The values of slope U, derived from optical analysis, offered information on the atomic and electronic configuration in Urbach tails, associated with the glass stability.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.229-233
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• 1997

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A(DGEBA)/4,4'-methylene dianiline(MDA)/phenyl glycidyl ether(PGE)-acetamide(AcAm)/carboxyl-terminated acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer(CTBN) 계의 열적 안정성을 평가하기 위해 열중량 분석법(TG)을 사용하였다. 활성화 에너지를 구하기 위해 Freeman & Carrol, kissinger, Flynn & Wall 식을 사용하였다. Freeman & Wall 식을 이용하여 구한 활성화 에너지는 112.9 kJ/mol, Kissinger 식에 의한 값은 151.5kJ/mol 이었으며, Flynn & Wall식에 의해 구한 값은 168.3 kJ/mol 이었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.2576-2581
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• 2021

The thermal stability and crystallization behaviors of La₂O₃ containing B₂O₃-CaO-Al₂O₃ glass waste forms were investigated to evaluate the stability of waste form during emergencies in deep geological disposal. For glasses containing 15% La₂O₃, LaBO₃ phases were observed as major crystals from 780 ℃ and exhibited needlelike structures. Al, Ca, and O were homogeneously distributed throughout the entire specimen, while some portions of B and La were concentrated in some parts. By differential thermal analysis at various heating rates, the activation energy for grain growth and the crystallization rate of LaBO₃ were calculated to be 12.6 kJ/mol and 199.5 kJ/mol, respectively. These values are comparable to other waste forms being developed for the same purpose.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2022

This paper introduces a novel concept of the pulsed neutron facility (PNF) for maximizing the production of the thermal neutrons and its application to medical use based on prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) using Monte Carlo simulations. The PNF consists of a compact D-T neutron generator, a graphite pile, and a detection system using Cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector arrays. The configuration of fuel pins in the graphite monolith and the design and materials for the moderating layer were studied to optimize the thermal neutron yields. Biological samples - normal and cancerous breast tissues - including chlorine, a trace element, were used to investigate the sensitivity of the characteristic γ-rays by neutron-trace material interactions and the detector responses of multiple particles. Around 90 % of neutrons emitted from a deuterium-tritium (D-T) neutron generator thermalized as they passed through the graphite stockpile. The thermal neutrons captured the chlorines in the samples, then the characteristic γ-rays with specific energy levels of 6.12, 7.80 and 8.58 MeV were emitted. Since the concentration of chlorine in the cancerous tissue is twice that in the normal tissue, the count ratio of the characteristic g-rays of the cancerous tissue over the normal tissue is approximately 2.

• Carbon letters
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2011

A novel electrode for an NO gas sensor was fabricated from electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers by thermal treatment to obtain carbon fibers followed by chemical activation to enhance the activity of gas adsorption sites. The activation process improved the porous structure, increasing the specific surface area and allowing for efficient gas adsorption. The gas sensing ability and response time were improved by the increased surface area and micropore fraction. High performance gas sensing was then demonstrated by following a proposed mechanism based on the activation effects. Initially, the pore structure developed by activation significantly increased the amount of adsorbed gas, as shown by the high sensitivity of the gas sensor. Additionally, the increased micropore fraction enabled a rapid sensor response time due to improve the adsorption speed. Overall, the sensitivity for NO gas was improved approximately six-fold, and the response time was reduced by approximately 83% due to the effects of chemical activation.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

열중량 분석법(TGA)을 이용하여 소방용 합성수지 배관으로 사용되는 CPVC의 활성화 에너지를 측정하였다. 열중량 분석법을 이용한 활성화 에너지는 Kissinger method와 Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method를 이용하여 계산하였다. 활성화 에너지를 계산한 결과 Kissinger method에 의해 128.07 kJ/mol, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method에 의해 145.60 kJ/mol로 나타났다. Kissinger method와 Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method에 의해 계산된 활성화 에너지의 차이는 해석 방법이 다르다는 점을 감안했을 때 큰 차이가 없다고 판단된다. 향후 가속열화을 이용한 열적 열화평가 및 공기오븐노화시험을 통한 CPVC의 연소특성을 시험하고, 수명을 예측하고자 한다.

• 폴리머
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2009

가황제/가황촉진제의 비율이 서로 다른 CR(chloroprene)로 개질된 NR(natural rubber)고무복합재료에 대한 비등온 TGA 열분해곡선으로부터 Kissinger 및 Flynn-Wall-Ozawa의 해석방법을 적용하여 분해활성화 에너지를 구하였다. 각 샘플에 대해 Kissinger의 해석방법을 적용한 결과 매우 양호한 직선성을 보였으며 기울기로부터 얻은 활성화 에너지 값은 모든 샘플에 대해 $147.0{\pm}2.0$ kJ/mol로 거의 일정하였다. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa의 해석방법을 적용하여 전화율 $0.05{\sim}0.40$ 범위에서 계산된 분해활성화 에너지 값은 전화율의 변화에 따라 계속 변화하였고 전화율이 증가함에 따라 그 값도 증가하는 현상을 보여 주었으며, 평균활성화 에너지 값은 $211.6{\pm}19.0$ kJ/mol 이었다. 두 가지 해석 방법의 비교 연구로부터, 샘플들의 전체 분해반응은 반응 메카니즘이 서로 다른 여러 단계의 다중 반응으로 이루어 있는 것으로 생각할 수 있었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.599-606
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 DDS로 경화된 4관능성 에폭시 (TGDDM)/폴리아마이드이미드 (PAI) 블렌드의 PAI 함량에 따른 블렌드계의 열적, 기계적 및 형태학적 특성에 대해 연구하였다 경화된 시편의 경화거동과 열안정성은 DSC와 TGA로 각각 조사하였다. 또한 $K_{IC}$ 는 UTM을 사용하여 측정하였으며, TGDDM/PAI 블렌드의 상거동과 최종 모폴로지는 SEM을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 그 결과 PAI 함량이 증가할수록 경화온도와 경화활성화 에너지는 감소하였다 경화온도와 경화활성화 에너지의 감소는 PAI 주쇄의 2차 아민이 co-initiator로서 사용되었기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 분해활성화 에너지와 $K_{IC}$ 값은 각각 PAI 함량 5, 10 phr까지 증가하다 그 이상치 한량에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과들은 에테르화에 의한 사슬절단 반응에 기초하여 설명되었다. 그리고 SEM에 의한 모폴로지 관찰로부터 블렌드계의 co-continuous 구조가 확인되었다.