• 과학기술학연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.93-123
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• 2005

이 글은 서로 층위가 다른 제 사회세력들이 시험관아기 시술을 매개로 어떤 방식으로 여성의 재생산권과 모성의 의미를 구성하는지를 밝히고, 시험관아기 시술을 통해 부상하게 된 기술과학주체(technoscientific subject)인 여성은 어떤 위치에 놓여있는지를 논의하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법은 문헌연구와 심층면접으로써, 과학기술 연구와 페미니즘 관련 문헌들과 심층면접 자료, 불임여성모임 단체와 입양단체의 문건과 회원들이 올린 글들, 언론매체의 기사와 칼럼들을 이용하였다. 불임여성의 경험을 가족 체계, 의료 체계, 그리고 국가 체계를 통해 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 가족의 공간에서 불임여성은 비정상의 범주에 속해질 뿐 아니라 스스로도 자신의 여성성에 의문을 갖지만, 다른 한편 "모성"에 대한 성찰과 확장된 인식을 갖게 되는 계기를 마련하기도 하였다. 의료 공간에서 불임여성은 자신의 몸이 자신 가족, 의료진에게 각기 달리 인식된다는 사실을 경험하게 된다. 몸을 소유한 것도, 소유된 것도 아닌 것으로 인식하는 이 시선은 교환과 거래가 주도하는 공간에 새로운 논리의 창출과 새로운 기술과학주체의 행위성을 예견하게 한다. 국가의 공간에서 배아복제 연구가 국가경쟁력의 기표로 부상함에 따라 난자제공자로서의 여성의 위치도 정치성을 띄게 됐다. 여성은 한편으론 국가발전에 참여할 국민으로 호명되지만 다른 한편으론 "생명"의 존엄성이라는 허구를 지키는 수호자의 역할을 할 것을 요구받는 모순된 위치에 놓여있다. 국가의 경제발전을 위한 기획에 호명되면서 경제적 보상의 범주에는 들지 못하는 국민이라는 정체성과, 생명을 파괴하는 것을 전제로 생명을 창조하는 것을 허락하는 배아복제에 참여하면서 "생명" 수호자의 정체성을 부여받는 것이 각기 내포하는 모순에 대해 여성이 어떻게 순을하고 타협하고 저항할지에 따라 배아복제 연구의 방향과 속도가 달라질 것이다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2008

Since the birth of Dolly using fully differentiated somatic cells as a nuclear donor, viable clones were generated successfully in many mammalian species. These achievements in animal cloning demonstrate developmental potential of terminally differentiated somatic cells. At the same time, the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique provides the opportunities to study basic and applied biosciences. However, the efficiency generating viable offsprings by SCNT remains extremely low. There are several explanations why cloned embryos cannot fully develop into viable animals and what factors affect developmental potency of reconstructed embryos by the SCNT technique. The most critical and persuasive explanation for inefficiency in SCNT cloning is incomplete genomic reprogramming, such as DNA methylation and histone modification. Numerous studies on genomic reprogramming demonstrated that incorrect DNA methylation and aberrant epigenetic reprogramming are considerably correlated with abnormal development of SCNT cloned embryos even though its mechanism is not fully understood. The SCNT technique is useful in cloning farm animals because pluripotent stem cells are not established in farm animal species. Therapeutic cloning combined with genetic manipulation will help to control various human diseases. Also, the SCNT technique provides a chance to overcome excessive demand for the organs by production of transgenic animals as xenotransplantation resources. Here, we describe the factors affecting the efficiency of generating cloned farm animals by the SCNT technique and discuss future directions of animal cloning by SCNT to improve the cloning efficiency.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.125-148
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• 2005

본 논문은 황우석 교수의 2005년 5월 배아줄기세포 연구성과 발표에 대한 인터넷상의 공론이 어떻게 이루어졌는지를 통해 일반 공중의 배아복제에 대한 이해를 연구한다. 인터넷 공론에 대한 분석은 일반화의 어려움은 있지만 질적 연구의 장점이 있다는 점을 분명히 하면서 사례연구를 하였다. 5월 20일 주요 신문은 연구성과의 세계적인 의의와 더불어 난치병 치료를 위한 연구로 자리매김을 만들었으며 윤리문제를 부각하는 데서 약간의 차이를 보였다. 그런 영향으로 인터넷상에서는 훨씬 더 분명한 형태로 환호하는 분위기를 보였다. 네이버 게시판은 연구성과에 대한 열광과 더불어 윤리문제제기를 비판하는 경향을 띠었고 연구의 정당성을 묻는 민주노동당에 대해서는 보다 애국주의적 국가주의적 근거에서, 가톨릭의 반대성명에 대해서는 배아는 생명이 아니며 낙태 등이 일상화된 현실적 근거에서 비판되었다.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.7-8
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• 2003

Since it was first reported in 1997, somatic cell cloning has been demonstrated in several other mammalian species. On the mouse, it can be cloned from embryonic stem (ES) cells, fetus-derived cells, and adult-derived cells, both male and female. While cloning efficiencies range from 0 to 20%, rates of just 1-2% are typical (i.e. one or two live offspring per one hundred initial embryos). Recently, abnormalities in mice cloned from somatic cells have been reported, such as abnormal gene expression in embryo (Boiani et al., 2001, Bortvin et al., 2003), abnormal placenta (Wakayama and Yanagimachi 1999), obesity (Tamashiro et ai, 2000, 2002) or early death (Ogonuki et al., 2002). Such abnormalities notwithstanding, success in generating cloned offspring has opened new avenues of investigation and provides a valuable tool that basic research scientists have employed to study complex processes such as genomic reprogramming, imprinting and embryonic development. On the other hand, mouse ES cell lines can also be generated from adult somatic cells via nuclear transfer. These 'ntES cells' are capable of differentiation into an extensive variety of cell types in vitro, as well assperm and oocytes in vivo. Interestingly, the establish rate of ntES cell line from cloned blastocyst is much higher than the success rate of cloned mouse. It is also possible to make cloned mice from ntES cell nuclei as donor, but this serial nuclear transfer method could not improved the cloning efficiency. Might be ntES cell has both character between ES cell and somatic cell. A number of potential agricultural and clinical applications are also are being explored, including the reproductive cloning of farm animals and therapeutic cloning for human cell, tissue, and organ replacement. This talk seeks to describe both the relationship between nucleus donor cell type and cloning success rate, and methods for establishing ntES cell lines. (중략)

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.110-110
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• 2001

Histone deacetylase(HDAC), a neuclear enzyme that regulates gene trascription and the assembly of newly synthesized chromatin, has received much attention in recent literature. The explosion of activity in this field has yielded the cloning of a mammalian gene which encodes a complementary histone acetyl trasferases. Several cyclic tetrapeptide inhibitors of HDAC has been reported to affect the hyperacetylation of mammalian and plant histones. Apicidin, a natural product HDAC inhibitor recently isolated at Merck Research Laboratories, induces therapeutic applications as a broad spectrum antiprotozoal agent to multi-drug resistant malaria and a potential antitumor agnet. The biological activity of apicidin appears to be attributable to inhibition of apicocomplexan HDAC at low nanomolar concentrations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.999-1007
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• 2019

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and related infection cases have been reported in over 20 countries. Roughly 10,000 human cases have so far been reported in total with fatality rates at up to 40%. The majority of cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia with mostly sporadic outbreaks outside the country except for the one in South Korea in 2015. The Korean MERS-CoV strain was isolated from the second Korean patient and its genome was fully sequenced and deposited. To develop virus-specific protective and therapeutic agents against the Korean isolate and to investigate molecular determinants of virus-host interactions, it is of paramount importance to generate its full-length cDNA. Here we report that two full-length cDNAs from a Korean patient-isolated MERS-CoV strain were generated by a combination of conventional cloning techniques and efficient Gibson assembly reactions. The full-length cDNAs were validated by restriction analysis and their sequence was verified by Sanger method. The resulting cDNA was efficiently transcribed in vitro and the T7 promoter-driven expression was robust. The resulting reverse genetic system will add to the published list of MERS-CoV cDNAs and facilitate the development of Korean isolate-specific antiviral measures.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.197-198
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• 2016

Although three different research groups have reported successful derivations of human somatic cell nuclear transfer-derived embryonic stem cell (SCNT-ESC) lines using fetal, neonatal and adult fibroblasts, the extremely poor development of cloned embryos has hindered its potential applications in regenerative medicine. Recently, however, our group discovered that the severe methylation of lysine 9 in Histone H3 in a human somatic cell genome was a major SCNT reprogramming barrier, and the overexpression of KDM4A, a H3K9me3 demethylase, significantly improved the blastocyst formation of SCNT embryos. In particular, by applying this new approach, we were able to produce multiple SCNT-ES cell lines using oocytes obtained from donors whose eggs previously failed to develop to the blastocyst stage. Moreover, the success rate was closer to 25%, which is comparable to that of IVF embryos, so that our new human SCNT method seems to be a practical approach to establishing a pluripotent stem cell bank for the general public as well as for individual patients.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

Recently, there has been extremely active in the research of stem cell biology. Stem cells have excellent potential for being the ultimate source of transplantable cells for many different tissues. Researchers hope to use stem cells to repair or replace diseased or damaged organs, leading to new treatments for human disorders that are currently incurable, including diabetes, spinal cord injury and brain diseases. There are primary sources of stem cells like embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Stem cells from embryos were known to give rise to every type of cell. However, embryonic stem cells still have a lot of disadvantages. First, transplanted cells sometimes grow into tumors. Second, the human embryonic stem cells that are available for research would be rejected by a patient's immune system. Tissue-matched transplants could be made by either creating a bank of stem cells from more human embryos, or by cloning a patient's DNA into existing stem cells to customize them. However, this is laborious and ethically contentious. These problems could be overcome by using adult stem cells, taken from a patient, that are treated to remove problems and then put back. Nevertheless, some researchers do not convince that adult stem cells could, like embryonic ones, make every tissue type. Human stem cell research holds enormous potential for contributing to our understanding of fundamental human biology. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in stem cell research and the future therapeutic applications.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제28권
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• pp.63-68
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• 2010

The epigenetic therapy of cancers is emerging as an effective and valuable approach to both chemotherapy and the chemoprevention of cancer. The utilization of epigenetic targets that include histone methyltransferase (HMTase), Histone deacetylatase, and DNA methyltransferase, are emerging as key therapeutic targets. SET containing proteins such as the HMTase Setd1b has been found significantly amplified in cancerous cells. In order to shed some light on the histone methyl transferase family, we cloned the Setd1b gene from Mus musculus and build a collection of vectors for recombinant protein expression in E.coli that will pave the way for further structural biology studies. We prospect the role of the Setd1b pathway in cancer therapy and detail its unique value for designing novel anti-cancer epigenetic-drugs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2023

Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) integrates both immunological and non-immunological inputs to control cell survival and death. Small GTPases are versatile functional switches that lie on the very upstream in signal transduction pathways, of which duration of activation is very transient. The large number of homologous proteins and the requirement for site-directed mutagenesis have hindered attempts to investigate the link between small GTPases and IRF3. Here, we constructed a constitutively active mutant expression library for small GTPase expression using Gibson assembly cloning. Small-scale screening identified multiple GTPases capable of promoting IRF3 phosphorylation. Intriguingly, 27 of 152 GTPases, including ARF1, RHEB, RHEBL1, and RAN, were found to increase IRF3 phosphorylation. Unbiased screening enabled us to investigate the sequence-activity relationship between the GTPases and IRF3. We found that the regulation of IRF3 by small GTPases was dependent on TBK1. Our work reveals the significant contribution of GTPases in IRF3 signaling and the potential role of IRF3 in GTPase function, providing a novel therapeutic approach against diseases with GTPase overexpression or active mutations, such as cancer.