• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.865-869
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• 2008

Juryeonggu is a Cuboctahedral die that had used in ancient Korea. This Cuboctahedral is consisted of different two penal servitudes of 14 facepieces, but the probability distribution can appear equally so it can be usable as a die. In this paper, achieved research study about probability of a Cuboctahedral die that have quadrilateral and triangle preferentially to search Juryeonggu's probability calculation method. First, confirmed probability distribution through Multibody-dynamics analysis and verified probability distribution through several experiments. Finally, with this simulation data, achieved theoretical analysis about Cuboctahedral die occurrence probability by using the residual momentum energy.

• 경영과학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2011

The theory of random utility maximization (RUM) defines the probability of an alternative being chosen as the probability of its utility being perceived as higher than those of all the other competing alternatives in the choice set (Marschak 1960). According to this theory, consumers perceive the utility of an alternative not as a constant but as a probability distribution. Over the last two decades, there have been an increasing number of studies on the effect of utility variance on choice probability. The common result of the previous studies is that as the utility variance increases, the effect of the mean value of the utility (the deterministic component of the utility) on choice probability is reduced. This study provides a theoretical investigation on the effect of utility variance on choice probability without any assumptions on the specific forms of probability distributions. This study suggests that without assumptions of the probability distribution functions, firms cannot apply the marketing strategy of maximizing choice probability (or market share), but can only adopt the strategy of maximizing the minimum or maximum value of the expected choice probability. This study applies the Chebyshef inequality and shows how the changes in utility variances affect the maximum of minimum of choice probabilities and provides managerial implications.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.163-176
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• 2011

By virtue of chord-length density function from the field of statistical physics, this paper introduced a quantitative approach to estimate the distribution of cement paste thickness between aggregates in concrete. Dynamics mixing method based on molecular dynamics was employed to generate one model structure, then image analysis algorithm was used to obtain the distribution of thickness of cement paste in model structure for the purpose of verification. By comparison of probability density curves and cumulative probability curves of the cement paste thickness among neighboring aggregates, it is found that the theoretical results are consistent with the simulation. Furthermore, for the model mortar and concrete mixtures with practical volume fraction of Fuller-type aggregate, this analytical formula was employed to predict the influence of aggregate volume fraction and aggregate fineness. And evolution of its mean values were also investigated with the variation of volume fraction of aggregate as well as the fineness of aggregates in model mortars and concretes.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 다수의 중계기가 존재하는 복호 후 재전송 기반의 협력 통신 시스템에서 부분적인 중계기 선택 기법을 사용 했을 때의 보안 불능 확률을 연구한다. 수신 노드와 도청 노드는 각각 송신 노드와 중계 노드 모두에서 신호를 수신한다고 가정한다. 수신된 두 신호는 MRC 기법을 사용하여 다이버시티 이득을 얻는데 이용된다. 본 논문에서는 다수의 중계기가 존재하는 시스템의 보안 불능 확률 식을 계산하고, 그 식이 타당한지 증명하기 위해서 이론값과 모의실험 결과값을 비교한다. 중계기의 수에 따라 보안 불능 확률이 어떻게 변하는지를 모의실험 결과를 통해 도출한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.609-611
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• 2008

We address the outage performance for the opportunistic amplify-and-forward relaying strategies under Nakagami-m fading channels. A closed-form expression for the outage probability is derived. Simulation results verify our theoretical solutions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4307-4309
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• 2014

Purpose: To calculate the probability of one person's life-time death caused by a malignant tumor and provide theoretical basis for cancer prevention. Materials and Methods: The probability of one person's death caused by a tumor was calculated by a probability additive formula and based on an abridged life table. All data for age-specific mortality were from the third retrospective investigation of death cause in China. Results: The probability of one person's death caused by malignant tumor was 18.7% calculated by the probability additive formula. On the same way, the life-time death probability caused by lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal and anal cancer were 4.47%, 3.62%, 3.25%, 2.25%, 1.11%, respectively. Conclusions: Malignant tumor is still the main cause of death in one's life time and the most common causes of cancer death were lung, gastric, liver, esophageal, colorectal and anal cancers. Targeted forms of cancer prevention and treatment strategies should be worked out to improve people's health and prolong life in China. The probability additive formula is a more scientific and objective method to calculate the probability of one person's life-time death than cumulative death probability.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2013

Under an imperfect channel estimation, a Device-to-Device (D2D) communication framework based on MIMO relay technology is presented. The model consists of a D2D pair equipped with M antennas and a relay equipped with N antennas as well as a cellular user equipped with M antennas. The outage probability under different relaying protocols (i.e. AF and DF protocol) with and without considering a direct link was derived. The actual and theoretical outage probability of the five links under different antenna numbers was emulated. The number of user antennas and channel estimation error was analyzed carefully to determine their impact on the outage probability of a system. The simulation verified the theory analyses and the results showed that MIMO relaying improves the D2D communication system performance.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 복호 후 재전송 기반의 중계기 시스템에서 재머를 사용했을 때의 보안 불능 확률을 연구한다. 물리 계층에서 보안 용량을 증가시키기 위해서 선택되지 않은 중계기들 중에서 재머를 선택하여 의도적인 잡음을 발생시키도록 할 수 있다. 재머에 의한 잡음은 수신자와 도청자에서 동일하게 간섭으로 작용하지만 송신자-도청자 링크 간의 채널 품질을 송시자-수신자 링크의 채널보다 더 악화 시키는 최적의 재머를 선택하여 물리 계층 보안을 강화할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 재머의 유무에 따른 보안 불능 확률의 이론적인 식을 계산하고, 그 식이 타당한지 증명하기 위하여 이론값과 모의실험을 통한 실험값을 비교해 본다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.3342-3360
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• 2014

In this paper, the capacity and BER performance of downlink distributed antenna systems (DAS) with transmit antenna selection and multiple receive antennas are investigated in MIMO composite channel, where path loss, Rayleigh fading and lognormal shadowing are all considered. Based on the performance analysis, using the probability density function (PDF) of the effective SNR and numerical integrations, tightly-approximate closed-form expressions of ergodic capacity and average BER of DAS are derived, respectively. These expressions have more accuracy than the existing expressions, and can match the simulation well. Besides, the outage capacity of DAS is also analyzed, and a tightly-approximate closed-form expression of outage capacity probability is derived. Moreover, a practical iterative algorithm based on Newton's method for finding the outage capacity is proposed. To avoid iterative calculation, another approximate closed-form outage capacity is also derived by utilizing the Gaussian distribution approximation. With these theoretical expressions, the downlink capacity and BER performance of DAS can be effectively evaluated. Simulation results show that the theoretical analysis is valid, and consistent with the corresponding simulation.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.351-363
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• 2016

This paper investigates the performance of interference-limited two-way transmission protocols in the Rayleigh fading channels. New lower bound of outage probability and approximate expression of bit error rate (BER) for three-phase two-way relaying (3P-TWR) protocol are derived in closed-form. These expressions are valid for arbitrary signal-to-noise ratio values, numbers of co-channel interferers and amajority of modulation formats employed in the practical system. Then a comparative study is developed for the performance of three two-way transmission protocols, i.e., direct transmission (DT) protocol, two-phase two-way relaying (2P-TWR) protocol and 3P-TWR protocol based on the asymptotic expressions of outage probability and BER. On the basis of the theoretical results, the thresholds on the strength (variance) of direct channel and target rate for the relative performance of different protocols are obtained and the effect of interferences at the terminal and relay on the relative performance is analyzed. The results present key insights on how to choose proper two-way transmission protocol with the knowledge of fading channels, required date rate and modulation format to optimize the system performance in the practical interference-limited scenarios. Simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis.