• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1875-1880
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• 2010

A dicycle pyrazoline derivative, 1-phenyl-5-(p-fluorophenyl)-3,4-($\alpha$-p-fluoro-tolylenecyclohexano) pyrazoline, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, fluorescence spectra and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Density function theory (DFT) calculations were performed by using B3LYP method with 6-$311G^{**}$ basis set. The optimized geometry can well simulate the molecular structure. Vibrational frequencies were predicted, assigned and compared with the experimental values, which suggest that B3LYP/6-$311G^{**}$ method can well predict the IR spectra. Both the experimental electronic absorption spectra and the predicted ones by B3LYP/6-$311G^{**}$ method reveal three electron-transition bands, with the theoretical ones having some red shifts compared with the experimental data. Natural bond orbital analyses indicate that the absorption bands are mainly derived from the contribution of n $\rightarrow\pi^*$ and $\pi\rightarrow\pi^*$ transitions. Fluorescence spectra determination shows that the title compound can emit blue-light at about 478 nm. On the basis of vibrational analysis, the thermodynamic properties of title compound at different temperature have been calculated, revealing the correlations between $C^0_{p,m}$, $S^0_m$, $H^0_m$ and temperature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1814-1822
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• 2013

By using density functional theory calculations, we have performed a systemic study on the electronic structures and topological properties of interactions between N-butylpyridinium nitrate ($[BPY]^+[NO_3]^-$) and thiophene (TS), benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), naphthalene (NAP). The most stable structure of $[BPY]^+[NO_3]^-$ ion pair indicates that hydrogen bonding interactions between oxygen atoms on $[NO_3]^-$ anion and C2-H2 on pyridinium ring play a dominating role in the formation of ion pair. The occurrence of hydrogen bonding, ${\pi}{\cdots}$H-C, and ${\pi}{\cdots}{\pi}$ interactions between $[BPY]^+[NO_3]^-$ and TS, BT, DBT, NAP has been corroborated at the molecular level. But hydrogen bonding and ${\pi}{\cdots}{\pi}$ interactions between $[BPY]^+[NO_3]^-$ and NAP are weak in terms of structural properties and NBO, AIM analyses. DBT is prior to adsorption on N-butylpyridinium nitrate ionic liquid.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-22
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• 2015

This study examines how different uses of social network sites (SNS) and mobile phones (MP) to communicate with friends and business associates are related to the acquisition of job-related information, job mobility, and entrepreneurial intentions, using social capital as its main theoretical lens. To this end, a nationally representative, random digit dialing (RDD) survey was conducted in Singapore. Path analyses show that SNS interactions with friends are positively related to both bonding and bridging social capital. The former is linked with greater job mobility, the latter with entrepreneurship, and both are associated with more job-related information. SNS interactions with business contacts are directly positively related to job-related information and entrepreneurship. For mobile phones, interactions with friends are positively related to social capital, job information and entrepreneurship. Professional networking is associated with more bridging social capital, job information and job mobility. Bonding capital is found to be linked with greater job mobility, while bridging capital has a positive relationship with both entrepreneurship and job mobility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.339-345
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• 2018

Sunrise and sunset times differ depending on location and date. Previous studies conveniently but monotonously applied day and night times set up. This research defined the daytime and nighttime while considering the time of twilight according to the date and the location of ship collision accidents. Classifying the frequency of ship collision accidents with this standard, we conducted a chi-squared test for the difference between daytime and nighttime. The frequencies of ship collision accidents according to daytime and nighttime was compared by season, month, and time, and all of them showed statistically significant differences. The highest number of daytime ship collisions was 11.6 %, in June, and nighttime collisions peaked at 13.7 %, in December. The most frequent hour for daytime ship collisions was 0700h-0800h, at 10.2 %, and nighttime collisions peaked between 0400h-0500h, at 16.9 %. It is clear that the criteria used in previous studies cited was applied without any theoretical basis and likely only for the convenience of the researchers. It was found that results depend on what criteria are applied to the same research data. This study shows that statistical analyses of marine accidents, traffic volume, and congestion density should be carried out quantitatively while considering daytime and nighttime hours for each particular location and date.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

This study presented 3D Finite Element (FE) analysis of curved beam structures subjected to static and dynamic loading conditions, which is particularly strong ground motions. It was shown that the results obtained from 3D FE analyses was similar to the theoretical solution within 1% convergency error, in order to validate the 3D solid FE models in this study. In particular, it was focusing on development of dynamic characteristics of curved beam structures subjected to three-different seismic ground motions: GyeongJu, Lomaprieta and Northridge earthquakes. Consequently, It was interesting to find that the results obtained from GyeongJu earthquake was detuned due to high frequency effect, but the Von-Mises of the curved beam structure under Lomaprieta earthquake was 647.824 MPa at 45 curvature degree.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.249-264
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• 2017

In this paper free linear vibration of lattice composite conical shells will be investigated. Lattice composite conical shell consists of composite helical ribs and thin outer skin. A smeared method is employed to obtain the variable coefficients of stiffness of conical shell. The ribs are modeled as a beam and in addition to the axial loads, endure shear loads and bending moments. Therefore, theoretical formulations are based on first-order shear deformation theory of shell. For verification of the obtained results, comparison is made with those available in open literature. Also, using FEM software the 3D finite element model of composite lattice conical shell is built and analyzed. Comparing results of analytical and numerical analyses show a good agreement between them. Some special cases as variation of geometric parameters of lattice part, effect of the boundary conditions and influence of the circumferential wave numbers on the natural frequencies of the conical shell are studied. It is concluded, when mass and the geometrical ratio of the composite lattice conical shell do not change, increment the semi vertex angle of cone leads to increase the natural frequencies. Moreover for shell thicknesses greater than a specific value, the presence of the lattice structure has not significant effect on the natural frequencies. The obtained results have novelty and can be used for further and future researches.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.30-46
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• 2016

This paper is intended as an opening of a dialog on how to apply platform thinking in the development of innovation environments. It will briefly describe a new STP (Science and Technology Park) concept called 3GSP (Third Generation Science Park), which is gaining momentum in Finland. The paper explains the fundamental changes that are currently taking place in the global innovation environment and explains why platform thinking is becoming an essential element in ecosystem development. The theoretical background and classifications of platforms are described and the benefits to be gained from STP perspective are highlighted. The paper emphasizes especially the role of so called 'competence platforms' and explains the main characteristics of a fully working competence platform. The role of competence platforms in understanding serendipity and as a fundamental factor in building the team is also highlighted. The paper analyses from STP perspective several practical examples, where platform thinking supports the emergence of new innovation environments, including Urban Mill (Finland) and Meetberlage (Netherlands). The requirements for comprehensive competence platform services are presented and their potential to support community building and therefore ecosystem development is illustrated. This analysis will provide STP practitioners with new models for applying platform thinking and will help to establish co-creation, open innovation and serendipity management practices. The case studies presented will help STP management teams to evaluate the benefits of competence platforms in different contexts.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.695-710
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• 2014

This paper presents a theoretical and computational approach to solve inelastic structures subjected to overloads. Current practice in structural design is based on elastic analysis followed by limit strength design. Whereas this approach typically results in safe strength design, it does not always guarantee satisfactory performance at the service level because the internal stiffness distribution of the structure changes from the service to the ultimate strength state. A significant variation of relative stiffnesses between the two states may result in unwanted cracking at the service level with expensive repairs, while, under certain circumstances, early failure may occur due to unexpected internal moment reversals. To address these concerns, a new inelastic model is presented here that is based on the nonlinear material response and the interaction relation between axial forces and bending moments of a beam-column element. The model is simple, reasonably accurate, and computationally efficient. It is easy to implement in standard structural analysis codes, and avoids the complexities of expensive alternative analyses based on 2D and 3D finite-element computations using solid elements.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.509-519
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• 2018

This study is to examine the effects of salespeople' attributes (i.e., empathy, availability, professional appearance) on consumer cognition, emotion, and behavior. A conceptual model was developed based on stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) theory and cognition-emotion theory. A total of 542 questionnaires were collected online and some incompletely written questionnaires were excluded. Because of the high possibility of memory distortion, only the questionnaires (n=220) written by those who visited fashion stores within one week were used for the final analysis. The results of PLS analyses demonstrated that 1) salespeople's empathy directly affected consumers' shopping emotion; 2) salespeople's availability and professional appearance indirectly affected consumer's shopping emotion through store image; 3) consumers' shopping emotion positively affected purchase intention. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed in conclusion. As a result of this research, the main characteristics of the salespeople were identified in order to allow the consumers visiting the fashion store to buy the fashion products naturally and the basic directions of sales manuals for the salespeople in the fashion store were presented. It is also hoped that academic researchers will be able to use the characteristics of salespeople as the main data to understand how they affect consumers' cognitive and emotional responses and how they are connected to purchase behavior.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.703-711
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• 2003

We have theoretically studied the nonadiabatic transitions among the five lower states with the Ω=$1_u$ symmetry ($1_u^{(1)} to 1_u^{(5)}$) in the photodissociation of Cl₂, Br₂, and I₂by using the spin-orbit configuration interaction (SOCI) method and the semiclassical time-dependent coupled Schrodinger equations. From the configuration analyses of the SOCI wavefunctions, we found that the nonadiabatic transition between $1_u^{(2)}$ and $1_u^{(1)}$ is a noncrossing type, while that between $1_u^{(3)}$ and $1_u^{(4)}$ is a crossing type for all the molecules. The behavior of the radial derivative coupling element between $1_u^{(1)}$ and $1_u^{(2)}$ and that between $1_u^{(3)}$ and $1_u^{(4)}$ is analyzed in detail. In Cl₂, nonadiabatic transitions can take place even between the states correlating to different dissociation limits, while in Br₂ and I₂, with the usual photon energies e.g. less than 20 eV, nonadiabatic transitions occur only between the states correlating to the same dissociation limits, reflecting the different magnitudes of the spin-orbit interactions.