• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.19
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• pp.38-44
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• 1999

This study examines the use of public space in the urban environment based on the theory of Italian plazas as a theatre. Public space is considered as a symbolic representation of the urban organizatiov. In history, especially in Italy, the plaza was a common tool in reflecting people's lives through its use as a theatre. However, this role of plaza as a public space has lost its value with the population increase and the urban centralization of the city. This study attempts to reevaluate the needed of public space in modern society through a critical review of plaza and its use as a theatre. Content analysis was used to discuss the topics of this study including the historical background of the urban plaza, the relationship between plaza and theatre, and the role of public space and its impact on urban environment. The scope of the study is limited to the development of urban plaza from the ancient Greek to premodern Italy. Today, the concept of space is altered with the advent of cyberspace, This study provides insights for the future implications of plaza and theatre in developing public space for its a new definition as cultural representatiov.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 1999

A new urban design method from the viewpoint of climate is considered to be desired for urban life. The authors verified on an environmental planning based on new urban design concept which introduced the effect of sea breeze blowing along canals. The field observation of urban thermal environment were carried out to examine the cooling effects of a river through city. The observations were conducted to find the effect of a sea breeze and climate in summer along canals. Effective distance from the sea and cooling effect of the sea breeze on urban temperature was analyzed. The thermal index using outdoor environment was modified with New Effective Temperature ET*. On the basis of the observation. Human thermal comfort is relieved and affected by sea breeze blowing along canals. The canals were utilized as the trail on which sea breeze blows towards the center of city. From these results, The wind trail is one of the effective passive design method from the viewpoint of urban climate.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.101-107
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• 2020

Background: An important lesson learned from the Fukushima accident is that the transition to the mid- and long-term phases from the emergency-response phase requires less than a year, which is not very long. It is necessary to know how much radioactive material has been deposited in an urban area to establish mid- and long-term countermeasures after a radioactive accident. Therefore, an urban deposition model that can indicate the site-specific characteristics must be developed. Materials and Methods: In this study, the generalized urban deposition velocity and the subsequent variation in radionuclide contamination were estimated based on the characteristics of the Korean urban environment. Furthermore, the application of the obtained generalized deposition velocity in a hypothetical scenario was investigated. Results and Discussion: The generalized deposition velocities of ¹³⁷Cs, ¹⁰⁶Ru, and ¹³¹I for each residence type were obtained using three-dimensional (3D) modeling. For all residence types, the deposition velocities of ¹³¹I are greater than those of ¹⁰⁶Ru and ¹³⁷Cs. In addition, we calculated the generalized deposition velocities for each residential types. Iodine was the most deposited nuclide during initial deposition. However, the concentration of iodine in urban environment drastically decreases owing to its relatively shorter half-life than ¹⁰⁶Ru and ¹³⁷Cs. Furthermore, the amount of radioactive material deposited in nonresidential areas, especially in parks and schools, is more than that deposited in residential areas. Conclusion: In this study, the generalized urban deposition velocities and the subsequent deposition changes were estimated for the Korean urban environment. The 3D modeling was performed for each type of urban residential area, and the average deposition velocity was obtained and applied to a hypothetical accident. Based on the estimated deposition velocities, the decision-making systems can be improved for responding to radioactive contamination in urban areas. Furthermore, this study can be useful to predict the radiological dose in case of large-scale urban contamination and can support decision-making for long-term measurement after nuclear accident.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.650-660
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to compare the rainfall-runoff characteristics in streams of classified urban and rural watershed using land use and population density. EMC (event mean concentration) of BOD, COD, TP and SS increased significantly in urban and rural watershed, but that of TN remained unchanged. Although there were no significant differences in EMC of BOD, COD, TN, TP depending on the watershed characteristics, EMC of BOD and COD significantly increased in the urban watershed, while EMC of TP increased in the rural watershed. In the urban watershed, the first flush time was faster and the first flush effect was stronger in BOD, COD, and TP. However, the difference between cumulative mass and cumulative volume was found to be less than 0.2 in the rural watershed, indicating a weak first flush effect. The discharged masses of BOD (70 %), COD (64 %), and TP (66 %) in the first flush of runoff were higher in urban watershed, while TN (67 %) was higher in rural watershed. The reproducibility of first flush time and the strength of first flush using CV (coefficient of variation) was found to be more reproducible for first flush time in both watersheds. In rural watershed, the CV value of first flush time for TP out of water quality parameters was lower. Whereas the CV values of first flush time for BOD, COD and TP in urban watersheds were similar.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.12-19
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• 2018

The research aims to find implications of machine learning and urban big data as a way to construct the flexible transportation network system of smart city by responding the urban context changes. This research deals with a problem that existing a bus headway model is difficult to respond urban situations in real-time. Therefore, utilizing the urban big data and machine learning prototyping tool in weathers, traffics, and bus statues, this research presents a flexible headway model to predict bus delay and analyze the result. The prototyping model is composed by real-time data of buses. The data is gathered through public data portals and real time Application Program Interface (API) by the government. These data are fundamental resources to organize interval pattern models of bus operations as traffic environment factors (road speeds, station conditions, weathers, and bus information of operating in real-time). The prototyping model is implemented by the machine learning tool (RapidMiner Studio) and conducted several tests for bus delays prediction according to specific circumstances. As a result, possibilities of transportation system are discussed for promoting the urban efficiency and the citizens' convenience by responding to urban conditions.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1013-1025
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• 2022

This study was carried out to analyze water cycle characteristics and evaluate water retention function in Jeju Gotjawal forest from 2013 to 2017. The average ratio of throughfall, stemflow, interception loss in Seonhul Gotjawal (SH) and Cheongsu Gotjawal (CS) was 43.1%, 15.8%, and 41.1%, respectively. Rainfall-throughfall, rainfall-stemflow, and rainfall-interception loss were expressed as linear regression equation (p<0.001). The comparison results showed that SH was higher than CS (p<0.05), indicating that the canopy area had an important effect on the difference in stand structure. The average water resources retention rate of the Gotjawal region was 41.9%, which is similar to the total water resources retention rate (40.6%) of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province (JSSGP). Currently, the development of Gotjawal is in progress in JSSGP. The development of Gotjawal will lead to a decrease in the water resources retention rate due to changes in the surface environment such as an increase in impervious areas, which will affect the total groundwater content of JSSGP. Therefore, the conservation of the Gotjawal area is judged to be very important from the point of view of water conservation.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2019

This study was conducted to analyse the application of pollutant build-up model on various urban landuses and to characterize pollutant build-up on urban areas as a source of stormwater runoff pollution. The monitored data from impervious surfaces in urban areas such as commercial (8 sites), industrial (10 sites), road (8 sites), residential (10 sites), recreational (5 sites) from 2008 to 2016 were used for the analysis of pollutant build-up model. Based on the results, the average runoff coefficients vary from 0.35 to 0.61. In all landuses except recreational landuse, the runoff coefficient is 0.5 or more, which is the highest in the commercial area. Commercial landuse where pollutants occur at the highest EMC in all landuse, and it is considered that NPS management is necessary compared with other landuses. The maximum build-up load for organic matter (BOD) was highest in the commercial area ($4.59g/m^2$), and for particular matter (TSS) in the road area ($5.90g/m^2$) while for nutrient (TN and TP) in the residential area ($0.40g/m^2$, $0.14g/m^2$). The rate constants ranged from 0.1 to 1.3 1/day depending on landuse and pollutant parameters, which means that pollutant accumulation occurs between 1 and 10 days during dry day. It is clear that these build-up curves can generally be classified based on landuse. Antecedent dry day (ADD) is a suitable and reasonable variable for developing pollutant build-up functions. The pollutant build-up curves for different landuse shows that these build-up curves can be generally categorized based on landuse.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2020

Background and objective: Traditional farming is winning recognition as a sustainable alternative farming method. As urban farming increases in South Korea, it is crucial to develop more sustainable farming techniques. Gyeonjongbeop is the traditional farming method introduced in the Joseon period. This study was conducted to propose a productive garden model suitable for urban farming through the interpretation of traditional farming methods contained in Imwongyeongjeji Bolliji and to test the model on an actual field. Methods: Using the design and cropping system of Gyeonjongbeop as the research materials, we reviewed its tillage and cultivation and examined the applicability. We proposed a modified method by extracting parts applicable to urban farming. According to the methods, we created a garden with ridges and furrows, cultivated proper vegetables, and evaluated their growth. Results: Raphanus sativus, Allium fistulosum L., Brassica juncea, and Spinacia oleracea grown on ridges showed higher growth than those grown on a conventional flat field. The growth of Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon and Triticum aestivum L. on furrows was also slightly higher. This proved that the method could make up for the deficiencies of barley and wheat that are weak against winds and cold and are easily destroyed by the spring rains. Conclusion: Ridge and furrow cultivation derived from Gyeonjongbeop can be an efficient urban farming system compared to the conventional cultivation in flat fields. The system can use fallow lands in winter for year-round urban farming. In addition, the application of the traditional farming system can enhance the humanistic value of urban farming.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.204-215
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• 2020

Efforts on the continued increase of local government's fiscal spending related to improving the residential environment are desirable to counter the declining phenomenon of urban decline. At the same time, however, it is also important to know how to operate limited finances more efficiently to improve the residential environment. This study aims to contribute to the rational allocation of fiscal expenditure and the creation of productive results for the improvement of the settlement environment. To this end, this study analyzed the efficiency of financial expenditure related to the improvement of the residential environment in 225 local governments nationwide. The relationship between financial expenditure and residential environmental performance was also measured and the CCR, BCC and SBM models were used to measure efficiency. The analysis showed that most local governments need to scale back their fiscal spending related to improving the government environment. In addition, it was required to prepare feasible spending plans by bench-marking the processes of residential environment improvement projects in areas such as Haman-gun, Jongno-gu, Seoul, and Seocho-gu, which are considered to be under efficient operation.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.32-37
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• 2008

This Report intends theoretical background of urban planning, related national law system and instances to be researched and concluded as follows below and also to be shared with planners working in the field of urban planning technique services. Revision of new laws and systems are necessary for the reasonable Urban Regeneration promotion through comprehensive and systematic supporting composition revision. For the reason hereafter urban regeneration shall be various and inclusive in society, economy, culture, environment, resident participation. etc., the development model for regeneration project complying with Korean Urban Regeneration condition is required. Diversity and flexibility through governance system are required to ensure city competitive power.