• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1089-1103
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing a health-promoting lifestyle among highly educated, married women with or without work outside the home. It is a direct interview, cross-sectional study. Subjects were 250 married, unemployed women and 236 married women employed as teachers. Women who have not graduated college, work only part-time or have no current spouse were excluded. The instruments used were the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker, et al., 1987) and the Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (Backe, et al., 1982), The HPLP scores of the employed, married women were significantly lower than those for unemployed respondents. for both groups of respondents, the self-actualization subscale was the highest score and the exercise subscale was the lowest score. The HPLP indicated that exercise is a very weak area. Thus, an increase in exercise time and frequency, especially for highly educated, married women, is suggested. Multiple regression analysis revealed that a health-promoting lifestyle of unemployed, married women was affected by sports activity, leisure-time activity, depression and satisfaction of role allotment. On the other hand, a health-promoting lifestyle of employed, married women was affected by sports activity, leisure-time activity, stress, self-perceived economic status, coffee consumption, husband's help, and maid's help. That is, with more sports activity and leisure-time activity, less depression and more satisfaction of role allotment, unemployed, married women would have higher HPLP scores. Also, with more sports activity and leisure-time activity, less stress, better self-perceived economic status, less coffee consumption, more husband's help and more maid's help, employed, married women would have higher HPLP scores. The results indicate that sports activity and leisure-time activity were the first and the second determinants of health-promoting lifestyle respectively. Therefore, an exercise-centered health-promoting program for highly educated, married women is suggested in the community or workplace. Especially, the program should be designed to be easily approachable for highly educated, employed married women who have more of a role burden compared to unemployed women.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.861-864
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• 2011

Since national GHG reduction target by 2020 has been presented in Korea, the role of railroad has been reinforced within transport system due to the allocation of reduction target into sector. So, it is necessary to manage activity data systematically for the calculation of GHG emission in railroad. Now, the activity data of diesel consumption for NIR(National Inventory Report) are provided from oil supply and demand statistics. On the other hands, the activity data collected directly from railroad operating companies are used for GHG & Energy Target Management Act. This study aimed to assess the GHG emissions using two kinds of activity data related to the diesel consumption of railroad in 2009 and 2010. As a result, GHG emissions based on oil supply and demand statistics was 636 thousands ton $CO_{2e}$, but the activity data collected from railroad operating companies showed 649 thousands ton $CO_{2e}$ in 2009. Also, the gap of $CO_{2e}$ emission was increased in 2010. These trends were caused because oil supply and demand statistics included total diesel sales volume during 1 year and the activity data collected from railroad operating companies were the amount of diesel consumption only at railcar operation and maintenance step. In conclusion, it is important to develop the management and verification system of activity data with high reliability to substitute oil supply and demand statistics in railroad sector.

• 인문언어
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• 제5권
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• pp.293-310
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• 2003

This study starts with a remark on the frequent usage of the term 'generation culture' in the explanations of cultural change. The term 'generation culture' itself does have neither a clear meaning nor any academic consensus for its operational definition yet. Depending on intuitions or common senses, in most cases, of everyday lift experience, the tends to designate the co-existence of different cultural layers as composing subsystems of a little broader Korean cultural trend. I tried here to analyze different positions and perspectives in the employment of this term, sometimes with strategic intentions of each social groups. Economic or political positions, for example, are intertwined with the quest of identification concerning 'we' and 'other' grouping dynamics in the Age of Globalization, which accelerates the speed of cultural re-territorialization. And the role of consumption activity as a kind of cultural indication has gained more weight in that process. This analysis will remind us, also, of the post-modem society's assumption about the space-and-time in transition, and its fluctuation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.626-648
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• 2011

Energy consumption of wireless access networks is in permanent increase, which necessitates development of more energy-efficient network management approaches. Such management schemes must result with adaptation of network energy consumption in accordance with daily variations in user activity. In this paper, we consider possible energy savings of wireless local area networks (WLANs) through development of a few integer linear programming (ILP) models. Effectiveness of ILP models providing energy-efficient management of network resources have been tested on several WLAN instances of different sizes. To cope with the problem of high computational time characteristic for some ILP models, we further develop several heuristic algorithms that are based on greedy methods and local search. Although heuristics obtains somewhat higher results of energy consumption in comparison with the ones of corresponding ILP models, heuristic algorithms ensures minimization of network energy consumption in an amount of time that is acceptable for practical implementations. This confirms that network management algorithms will play a significant role in practical realization of future energy-efficient network management systems.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.303-314
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• 1991

반폐쇄만이며 하계동안 저층 빈산소수괴(Hypoxic bottom area)가 형성되는 진해만 일대 해역중의 하나인 원문만에서 해양세균의 계절적 분포와 해양세균이 용존산소소모에 미치는 영향을 알기 위하여 하계동안 미소생물의 전자전달계 활성도(Electron transport system activity)로서 잠재적 산소소모량(potential consumption of oxygen)을 구하였다. 해양세균의 계절별 우점종은 추계('89년 10월)에는 Pseudomonas spp., 동계 ('90년 2월)에는 Serratia spp., 춘계('90년 5월)에는 Acinetobacter spp., 하계('90년 8월)에는 Flavobacterium spp.가 우점하였다. 조사기간동안 생균수는 하계('90년 8월)에 표층, 저층, 저질의 평균치가 각각 $2.12\times10^6cells/ml,\;1.34\times10^6cells/ml,\;1.55\times10^7cells/ml$로 높은 분포치를, 동계에는 표층, 저층, 저질의 평균치가 각각 $2.08\times10^5cells/ml,\;1.54\times10^5cells/ml,\;1.28\times10^6cells/ml$로 낮은 분포치를 보여주었다. 또한 전자전달계 활성(Electron Transport System Activity)으로 잠재적 산소소모량을 조사한 결과 하계동안 수괴에서 미소생물군집의 잠재적 산소소모량은 $232.4-637.5{\mu}l/O_2/l/day$, 이중 세균의 잠재적 산소소모량은 $142.6-432.4{\mu}l/O_2/l/day$로서 수괴의 미소생물군집의 잠재적 산소소모량의 약 $55\%$를 차지하여, 하계동안 저층의 산소소모에 큰 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었으며, 세균의 잠재적 산소소모량은 생균수와 밀접한 관계가 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.232-241
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• 2005

Today, the role of kindergarten is more important as nutrition provider through snack and meal services. Desirable kinds and amounts of food items at school lunch menu were important factors of nutrients intakes in children. This study was performed to assess the kindergarten's meal service program (snack and lunch) and the consumption amount of lunch according to each dishes. Twenty four institutions that cared over one hundred children were observed at Seoul and Kyunggido area. Well-trained observers checked meal and snack serving activity and foodservice facilities by formal checklist. And using the weighing method assessed the consumption levels of food items at lunch. During 3 days, 30 children in each kindergarten were selected randomly according to age, observers measured serving and residual weight of each food. The data was compiles by performing ANOVA-test using SPSS WIN 10.0. The result were as follows: 1) Foodservice facilities in kindergarten was limited to provide qualified foodservice. $91.7\%$ of institution had kitchen, $41.7\%$ had dinning. The kitchen equipment possession rate was $12.5\%$ (oven), $30.8\%$ (heating cabinet), $58.3\%$ (refrigerator). The rate of using document about foodservice was used $83.3\%$ (menu list), $41.7\%$ (daily foodservice record), $25\%$ (standard recipe). $41.7\%$ of institution employed licensed dietitian. Only $41.7\%$ of subjects preserved meal after daily meal service. 2) Meal serving size was decided by teacher, $54.5\%$ at snack and $43\%$ at lunch and pre-divided individual portion type was $36.4\%$ at snack and $28.6\%$ at lunch. The rate of cleaning activity before meal was $72.2\%$ at snack, $90.5\%$ at lunch. And nutrition or sanitation education activity was more performed at lunch time, for examples brushing teeth activity was $12.5\%$ at snack $85.7\%$ at lunch. 3) The consumption amounts of plain cooked rice was $112.7{\pm}26.1{\cal}g$, cooked rice and cereal was $93.06{\pm}27.97{\cal}g$, curry rice was $208.35{\pm}64.84{\cal}g$ and the consumption amounts of these main dishes was significantly different by age (p < 0.001). The consumption amounts of soup was very different according to children's preference. The consumption amounts of seaweed soup was $120.18{\pm}82.13{\cal}g$, wild sesame and bean-paste soup was $40.64{\pm}23.16{\cal}g$. The consumption range of kimchis was from $6{\cal}g\;to\;13{\cal}g$, jorim (braised food) was from $3{\cal}g\;to\;25{\cal}g$, fried food (include stir fried, deep fat fried, pan fried) was from $14.5{\cal}g\;to\;22{\cal}g$, vegetable dish was from $3{\cal}g\;to\;16{\cal}g$. These consumption amount of each dishes was not reached recommended portion size of nutritionally planning menu by nutritionist.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10543-10555
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• 2015

Breast cancer primary prevention is a high research priority due to the high psychological and economic costs. The disease is a multistep process and several risk factors have been recognized. Over the past three decades numerous studies have investigated the association of lifestyle with breast cancer, showing independent effects of various factors. We report here a summary of the present state of knowledge on the role of lifestyle patterns, such as physical activity, diet, smoking, hormone therapy, and experience of psychological stress in the modulation of breast cancer in women, and discuss commonly accepted biological mechanisms hypothesized as responsible for the associations. The findings indicate that regular physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity is probably linked with the decreased breast cancer risk among postmenopausal females and suggestive for a decrease of the risk in premenopausal women. In contrast, the consumption of high-fat diet, alcohol intake, and use of combined estrogen and synthetic progestagen hormonal therapy may increase the risk. Epidemiological findings dealing with a role of smoking and experience of psychological stress are conflicting.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.86-94
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• 1985

Attempts were made if diol and triol fractions of ginseng saponin affect on glutamine transport into rat renal cortical mitochondria, swelling, phosphate dependent glutaminase activity, and consumption of oxygen. The following results were obtained. When mitochondrial preparation from rat renal cortex was incubated in medium containing 14C-glutamine and either triol or diol fractions, radioactivity was shown to increase at both 10-6% and 10-5% triol fractions of ginseng saponin, but reduce in case of diol fraction. The remarkable acceleration of the rate of swelling of renal cortical mitochondria was observed in the presence of 10-1% trios and diol fractions but no accerelation at lower concentrations. The activity of phosphate dependent glutaminase from renal cortical mitochondria was slightly activated at 10-2% of triol fraction. However, there was no effect in case of diol fraction. Oxygen consumption by mitochondria from renal cortex was remarkably increased at concentrations of 10-5% and 10-6% triol fractions, but reduced in the case of diol fractions. On the basis of these observations it was concluded that triol fraction of ginseng saponin might increase the transport of glutamine into mitochondria by accelerating the respiratory chain and supplying additional energy to mitochondria, and physiological role of triol fraction was entirely different from that of diol fraction of ginseng saponin.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2010

1990년대 이후 온라인 게임의 활성화와 함께 게임산업이 크게 성장하였고, 상업적 목적으로 인해 컴퓨터 게임의 소비적인 측면이 증가하였다. 그러나 게임의 엔진으로 만들어지는 영상인 '머시니마(Machinima)'의 활성화로 하여금 가상문화를 생산하는 역할을 드러내고 있다. 이렇게 게임이 가상공간의 환경과 밀접해짐에 따라 나타나는 비선형적 활동에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 첫째, 하이퍼텍스트 공간에서 비선형구조화 되는 게임의 환경과 문화적 특징을 연구한다. 둘째, 하이퍼텍스트 문학의 확장으로서 '머시니마'를 논의한다. 셋째, 소비의 측면으로 여겨졌던 게임이 머시니마의 출현과 함께 문화생산의 주체로 역할을 드러낸다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 소비의 이분법적, 위계적 구조를 불식시키는 하이퍼텍스트 공간의 비선형 현상과 함께, 게임이 가상현실을 멀티미디어 속에 적극적으로 수용하고자 한 긍정적인 측면을 제기하고자 한다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.233-239
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• 2004

Microbial activity of biofilm formed on the surface of gravels from intertidal zone was estimated using an aerobic respirometer system, and compared with that of suspended marine microorganisms contained in a near shore water. The maximum oxygen uptake rate of the suspended marine microorganisms was 0.15mg O$_2$／L／hr, indicating the potential of purification of polluted near shore water. For the gravels from the intertidal zone, the maximum uptake rate of oxygen was affected by the vertical positions, but their gross value was 0.77mg O$_2$／L／hr, which was around 5.1 times higher than the purification potential of polluted near shore water by the microorganisms contained in the near shore water. The nitrogen removed by the gravels from the intertidal zone and the marine microorganisms was about 1／20-1／39 times of the total consumption of oxygen, which was similar to that of the phosphate. The gravel intertidal zone contained lots of particulate organics, over than that in the near shore water, and this was confirmed from the large difference between total oxygen consumption and the removed soluble COD in the microbial activity test. This indicates that the gravel intertidal zone plays an important role in controlling the non-point source pollutants from land, as well as self-purification of polluted near shore water by trapping and degrading the particulate organics.