• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.6
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• pp.1-24
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• 2000

Listening comprehension is an integrative and creative process of interaction through which listeners receive speakers' production of linguistic or non-linguistic knowledge. Compared with reading comprehension, it may arouse difficulties and thus impose more burdens on foreign learners. The Audio-Lingual Method focused primarily on speaking. Mimicry, repetition, rote memory, and transformation drills actually interfered with listening comprehension. So learners lost interest and were not highly motivated. Improving listening comprehension requires continual attentiveness and interest. Listening skill can be extended systematically only when students are frequently exposed to a wide range of listening materials with an affective, cultural, social, and psycholinguistic approach. Therefore, teachers should help students learn how to comprehend intactly the overall meaning of intended messages. The literature on teaching listening skill suggests various useful activities: TPR, dictation, role playing, singing, picture recognition, completion, prediction, seeking specific information, summarizing, labeling, humor, jokes, cartoons, media, and so on. Practical classroom teaching necessitates a systematic procedure in which students should take part in meaningful tasks/activities. In addition to this, learners must practice listening comprehension trough a self-study process.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.529-538
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• 2017

This study examines the effects of reading and story sharing through fairy tales on young children's character development in their role play using natural materials. To achieve this, 40 5-year-old children at early childhood educational institutes in Daejeon were tested 16 times for 8 weeks. The results were as follows. First, their role plays using natural objects through reading and talking had a positive effect on their personality cultivation. Second, there was no experimental difference in their prudence and filial piety of basic behavioral items, but their cleanliness and patience were proven effective in the experiment. Third, all their justice, conscience and service indicating their sociality-related friendship, kindness, gentleness and morality were proven effective in the experiment, which their role plays using natural objects through reading and story sharing through fairy tales had an educational effect on improving their sociality and morality through peer interaction. This suggests that their mind to improve social virtues with an exchange of emotions, particularly, treat natural role play in a friendly way, their public promises to cherish life, and their ethical virtues to obey the rules in the process of consideration, appreciation, understanding and help through mutual communication and cooperation in forest experience activities are very effective from an educational perspective.

• 정보저장시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.22-25
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• 2005

In this research, a wafar-level transfer method of cantilever array on a conventional CMOS circuit has been developed for high density probe-based data storage. The transferred cantilevers were silicon nitride ($Si_3N_4$) cantilevers integrated with poly silicon heaters and piezoelectric sensors, called thermo-piezoelectric $Si_3N_4$ cantilevers. In this process, we did not use a SOI wafer but a conventional p-type wafer for the fabrication of the thermo-piezoelectric $Si_3N_4$ cantilever arrays. Furthermore, we have developed a very simple transfer process, requiring only one step of cantilever transfer process for the integration of the CMOS wafer and cantilevers. Using this process, we have fabricated a single thermo-piezoelectric $Si_3N_4$ cantilever, and recorded 65nm data bits on a PMMA film and confirmed a charge signal at 5nm of cantilever deflection. And we have successfully applied this method to transfer 34 by 34 thermo-piezoelectric $Si_3N_4$ cantilever arrays on a CMOS wafer. We obtained reading signals from one of the cantilevers.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

The form of web-based MMORTS game has changed the way users recognize games. This paper focuses fact that users' semiosis in MMORTS game shows different aspects from MMORPG game and to analyze it through theory of Charles Sanders Peirce. Users in MMORTS make a semiotic process in a wide range of ways including keeping avatars at a distance, reading index mark, and inferring through symbol marks. It leads to call a user in web-based MMORTS an administrator, symbol interpreter, and strategist.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.19D no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2012

This paper proposes a new forging work-in-process control system that guarantees independency of a specific device and provides cost-effectiveness. Until now, much research has been studied on improving the process productivity through efficient work-in-process or inventory controls. Especially, incorporating various IT technologies such as barcode, RFID, and image recognition has been done. However, those approaches cause many problems due to the characteristics of the forging work-in-process control environment. To overcome the limitations of the existing approaches, this paper proposes a novel forging work-in-process control system. The proposed system in this paper identifies and precisely manages positions of objects by using GPS information of smart mobile devices. Therefore, identification tags as well as specific devices for reading the tags do not been required. It resolves the problems of the previous approaches and enhances the productivity of the overall forging work-in-process control process.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.178-183
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• 2006

A Blu-ray disc, which has a more than 25GB optical capacity, has been known as a promising next-generation optical disc format. It commonly has a 1.1 mm thick substrate and a 0.1 mm thick cover layer for beam transmitting and the protection of the reflecting surface. The cover layer is generally formed by the spin coating process. However, in conventional spin coating, small bumps are formed along the rim of the disc, which results in the fatal reading error. Numerical simulation of the thin film flow behaviors during spin coating with the commercial solver and optimal spinning conditions was obtained. Thickness distribution of the cover layer according to the variation of substrate's edge shape could be calculated as well. By modifying the shape of the substrate edge shape, the bumps along the disc rim could be minimized, and it was proved that the chamfered edge, around $5{\sim}10$ degree, is the simplest and most effective way to minimize the bumps.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.207-222
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• 2015

Mathematics preservice teachers' Mathematical Content Knowledge ("MCK") includes not only knowledge for mathematics, but also academic knowledge for school mathematics and mathematical process knowledge. We can consider the items in PISA 2012 as suitable tools to assess process knowledge as well as mathematical content knowledge because these items are developed by competent international educational experts. Therefore, the responses to items with the low percentage of correct answers in conjunction with the mathematical contents were analyzed with focus on FMC. The results showed the reasoning competency in responses using the conditions of the problem and of understanding the conditions after reading the complex problems within the context (i.e. the reasoning and argumentation competency, and communication competency) requires improvements. Furthermore the results indicated the errors due to a lack of ability of devising strategies for problem solving. Based on the foregoing results, the implications towards the directions of the education for the preservice mathematics teachers have been derived.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.48-67
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• 1999

In an advanced computer and information network technologies, users are rapidly approaching environment in which information will be created, delivered, managed and stored, using vastly different methods to traditional pap r based systems. Information seeking behavior contains not only physical access, but also cognitive process in which reading, viewing, analyzing, reasoning etc. The most Important factor determining the usability of electronic documents is cognitive process. But, currently Navigation tools for using electronic documents depend on physical searching without considering cognitive process. Therefore, this study examined feasibility of using overal cognitive process in developing navigation tools. Six cognitive process style have been analyzed to find common skill of information seeking process. Also this study suggests skills that needs to introduce to functions of navigation tool, such as searching, filtering, visualization, traversal, content structure.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.877-880
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• 2009

A curing process in post-printing section of R2R process is required for an electrical property of the printed pattern when devices such as RFID, Solar cell are printed. PEN as well as heat-stabilized PET which is used as a plastic substrate would be deformed at high temperature due to change of its elastic modulus. And crack in the printed pattern, which is on the plastic substrate is occurred due to the deformation of the substrate. The occurrence of crack causes electrical resistance to increase and the quality of the device to deteriorate. In case of RFID antenna, the range of reading distance is shortened as the electrical resistance of the antenna is increased. Therefore, the deformation of the plastic substrate, which causes the occurrence of crack, should be minimized by setting up low operating tension in R2R process. In low tension, slippage between a moving substrate and a roller would be generated when the operating speed is increased. And scratch would be occurred when slippage is generated due to an air entrainment, which is related to the thickness of the air film. The thickness of the air film is increased when operating speed is increased as shown by simulation based on mathematical model. The occurrence of scratch in conductive pattern printed by roll to roll process is a critical damage because it causes degradation or failure of electrical property of it.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.43 no.6 s.289
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• pp.358-361
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• 2006

A two-step plasma-assisted boronizing process was carried out on the AISI 1045 steel substrate to reduce the pore density introduced by a conventional single plasma boronizing process. The specimens were plasma boronized for 1 h at $650^{\circ}C$ and subsequently far 7 h at $800^{\circ}C$ in an atmosphere of $BCl_3-H_2-Ar$. The boride layer thickness was parabolic in boronizing time, a high HV reading of 1540 was found up to the boride layer thickness of $25{\mu}m$. It was found that the morphology of the boride layer prepared by the two-step boronizing process was changed from a columnar to a tooth-like structure and the pores in the borided steel were eliminated completely in comparison to those synthesized by the conventional single boronizing process, implying that it is highly applicable for enhancing the dense and compact coating properties of the low-alloy steel.