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Comparison of Ga-67, Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI Imaging in Lymphoma Patients (림프종 환자에서의 갈륨, Tl-201 그리고 Tc-99m MIBI 섭취의 비교)

  • Chun, Kyung-Ah;Cho, Ihn-Ho;Won, Kyu-Chang;Lee, Kyung-Hee;Lee, Hyung-Woo;Hyun, Myung-Soo;Lee, Jae-Tae;Lee, Kyu-Bo
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.107-115
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    • 2002
  • Purpose: Ga-67 scintigraphy has been used for the evaluation of tumors, especially lymphoma. Recently, Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI were also used to tumor imaging. Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI had better physiologic characteristics than Ga-67, so we studied 32 biopsy proven lymphoma patients (male 24, female 8, mean age 46 years) with Ga-67, Tl-201 or Tc-99m MIBI and compared the scan findings. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three of 32 patients were injected 74-111 MBq (2-3 mCi) of Tl-201, before chemotherapy and imaged with dual-headed SPECT (Prism 2000, Picker, USA) at 30 minutes after injection. Delayed images were obtained after 3 hr in 8 patients. Twenty seven of 32 patients were injected 740 MBq (20 mCi) of Tc-99m MIBI and imaged at 30 minutes after injection. 111-185 MBq (3-5 mCi) of Ga-67 was injected in 12 patients and imaged at 48 and 72 hours after injection. Twenty eight patients were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and others were Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results: Twenty patients were positive on Tl-201 scan and 3 patients showed negative findings. One of these 3 patients, Tc-99m MIBI and Ga-67 scan were positive. Twenty two patients were positive on Tc-99m MIBI scan and 5 patients showed negative findings. One of these 5 patients, Tl-201 was positive and 2 were positive on Ga-67 scan. Ten of 12 patients showed positive findings on Ga-67 scan. The sensitivity of these agents were 83.3%, 87.0% and 81.5% for Ga-67, Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI, respectively. The sensitivity was highest in Tl-201 scan, but there were no significant differences among three tests. In this study, there was no significant difference of uptake ratios between early and delayed images of Tl-201. Conclusion: Scintigraphy with Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI in lymphoma patients have similar sensitivity with Ga-67.

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Variation of Anthocyanin Contents according to Collection Site and Maturity in Black Soybean (검정콩 수집지역과 성숙기에 따른 안토시아닌 함량 변이)

  • Yi, Eun-Seob;Lee, Yong-Sun;Kim, Hee-Dong;Kim, Yong-Ho
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.53 no.4
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    • pp.376-381
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    • 2008
  • Anthocyanin contents of black soybean were analyzed for development of superior breeding lines with high anthocyanin contents. Total 292 genotypes of black soybean collected through the whole country were analyzed by HPLC in which C3G (Cyanidin-3-Glucoside), D3G (Delphinidin-3-glucoside), and Pt3G (Petunidin-3-Glucoside) were detected main anthocyanin pigments and each pigment contents were significantly different according to genotypes. C3G content showed the highest value in all materials and its variation was also wide, whereas D3G and Pt3G were not detected in 4 and 24 genotypes. Mean value of C3G, D3G, and Pt3G contents were $8.05{\pm}4.225$, $1.80{\pm}0.854$, and $1.15{\pm}0.781\;mg/g$, respectively. In case collected sites, genotypes collected in Chungnam region were higher the anthocyanin contents than other collections, which was $13.75{\pm}3.861\;mg/g$. It might be concluded that it takes more than 36 days for anthocyanin accumulation since beginning of seed-coat pigments formation, in that case it showed $13.09{\pm}4.190\;mg/g.$. Also total anthocyanin contents were present higher concentration in seed coat as maturation period was longer from flowering stage.

Improved Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrovascular Reserve after Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Carotid Stenosis and Contralateral Carotid Occlusion: Acetazolamide Stress Brain SPECT Study (반대측 내경동맥 폐쇄를 동반한 경동맥 협착에서 경동맥 내막절제술 후 뇌혈류 및 뇌혈관 예비능의 증가: 아세타졸아마이드 부하 뇌혈류 SPECT 연구)

  • Kim, Jae-Seung;Moon, Dae-Hyuk;Kim, Geun-Eun;Kim, Jong-S.;Kweon, Sun-Uck;Cho, Yong-Pil;Ryu, Jin-Sook;Lee, Hee-Kyung
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.352-361
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    • 1999
  • Purpose: Carotid endarterectomy nay benefit patients with bilateral carotid stenosis by improving cerebro-vascular hemodynamics of ipsilateral as well as contralateral cerebral hemispheres. We investigated cerebro-vascular hemodynamics after carotid endarterectomy in patients with contralateral carotid occlusion by acetazolamide stress brain SPECT. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 14 symptomatic patients (all men, mean age 66 yrs) with carotid stenosis (>50%) with contralateral carotid occlusion. Acetazolamide stress Tc-99m ECD brain SPECTs were performed within 2 weeks before and after carotid endarterectomy using one day protocol. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) were assessed visually. In 12 patients, correlation between the patency of proximal anterior cerebral or anterior communicating arteries (A1/A-comm) and the improvement of CBF or CVR after endarterectomy was assessed. Results: Preoperative SPECT showed reduced CBF in 2 ipsilateral and 10 contralateral hemispheres. CVR was reduced in 4 ipsilateral and 9 contralateral hemispheres. Of 12 hemispheres with reduced CBF, 2 hemispheres (16.7%) showed improvement of CBF after endarterectomy. However, reduced CVR was improved in all 4 ipsilateral and 7 of 9 (78%) of contralateral hemispheres after endarterectomy. Three of4 with stenotic Al/A-comm and 4 of 8 with patent A1/A-comm had reduced contralateral CVR. Reduced contralateral CVR improved in all 3 patients with stenotic A1/A-comm and 3 of 4 with patent A1/A-comm. Conclusion: Acetazolamide stress brain SPECT demonstrated improvement of compromised cerebrovascular reserve in not only ipsilateral but also contralateral hemispheres of patients with contralateral carotid occlusion after carotid endarterectomy, and may, therefore, be useful for evaluating cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve after carotid endarterectomy.

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Relationship between Limnological Characteristics and Algal Bloom in Lake-type and River-Type Reservoirs, Korea (호소형 및 하천형 댐 호의 육수학적 특성과 조류발생과의 상관관계)

  • Kim, Jong-Min;Heo, Seong-Nam;Noh, Hye-Ran;Yang, Hee-Jeong;Han, Myung-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.36 no.2 s.103
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    • pp.124-138
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    • 2003
  • This paper aimed to analyze the relationship between alga3 bloom patterns and hydrological, limnological data which were collected from major reservoirs in Korea for 8 years (1990${\sim}$1997). Water temperature of river-type reservoirs showed wider seasonal fluctuations than that of lake-type. pH of lake-type reservoirs was low in winter season but high in summer season. In contrast, river-type reservoirs showed high pH in spring and autumn seasons as well, and very low in summer season. COD of lake-type reservoirs and Paldang reservoir was lower (2${\sim}$3 mg/L) than that of Geumgang and Nagdonggang reservoirs (6${\sim}$9 mg/L). Dissolved oxygen (DO) of river-type reservoirs was higher than that of lake-type reservoirs. Seasonal fluctuation pattern of DO saturation in river-type reservoirs was high (80 ${\sim}$100%) and remained relatively constant whereas lake-type reservoirs showed the highest level (93%) in late spring or early summer, which gradually decreased entering winter season(46${\sim}$06%). And monthly variation of DO saturation showed inverse proportion to water volume in lake-type reservoirs. Nutrients concentration in river-type lake is higher than lake-type. Seasonal fluctuation of nutrients (T-N, T-P) in lake-type reservoirs was relatively small than that of river-type reservoirs. Annual mean N/P mass ratio of lake-type reservoirs was higher than that of river-type. Transparency tended to related with the suspended solid concentration in river-type reservoirs. Algal bloom of lake-type and river-type reservoirs occurred at any time except rainfall and winter periods. And it dominated in summer and early autumn, respectively. Algal bloom of river-type reservoirs was higher than that of lake-type. Relationship between rainfall and chlorophyll- a in lake-type reservoirs was relatively high, however river-type reservoirs showed insignificant.

Pharmacokinetics of cefadroxil after oral administration in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Cefadroxil의 경구투여에 따른 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)에서의 약물동태학 연구)

  • Lee, Ji-Hoon;Park, Kwan Ha
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.23-34
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    • 2018
  • The pharmacokinetic properties of cefadroxil (CDX) were studied after oral administration for 7 days to cultured olive flounders (average 660 g), Paralichthys olivaceus. For examination of pharmaco-kinetic profiles, CDX of 45 to 225 mg/kg body weight was administered at two different water temperatures, $13{\pm}3^{\circ}C$ or $22{\pm}3^{\circ}C$. CDX concentrations were determined in muscle, plasma, gastrointestinal tract, hematopoietic organs and liver by HPLC-MS/MS. Muscle samples were taken at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days post dose, whereas plasma, gastrointestinal tract, hematopoietic organs and liver concentrations were measured at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days post-dosing. The kinetic profiles of $C_{max}$, $T_{max}$, $T_{1/2}$ of CDX were analyzed by fitting to a non-compartmental model with PKSolver program. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained with oral administration of 45 and 225 mg/kg at 13 and $22^{\circ}C$ in muscle, plasma, gastrointestinal tract, hematopoietic organs and liver, respectively: $C_{max}$ (maximum tissue concentration)=$985.98-5,032.86{\mu}g/kg$, $5,670.99-38,922.23{\mu}g/l$, $2,457.27-10,192.78{\mu}g/kg$, $886.04-3,070.87{\mu}g/kg$ and $1,188.15-3,814.33{\mu}g/kg$; $T_{max}$ (time for maximum concentration)= every 1 day; $MRT_{0-{\infty}}$ (mean residence time)= 1.51-4.74, 2.12-3.06, 4.25-13.18, 1.37-18.66 and 1.78-29.76 days; $T_{1/2}$ (half-life)= 1.08-3.47, 1.14-5.42, 3.56-10.99, 1.17-14.93 and 1.25-28.55 days.

Risk Factors of Socio-Demographic Variables to Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality in Elderly Who Live Alone at One Urban Region (일 도시지역의 독거노인에 있어서 우울증상 및 자살경향성에 영향을 미치는 인구학적 변인에 대한 고찰)

  • Park, Hoon-Sub;Oh, Hee-jin;Kwon, Min-Young;Kang, Min-Jeong;Eun, Tae-Kyung;Seo, Min-Cheol;Oh, Jong-Kil;Kim, Eui-Joong;Joo, Eun-Jeong;Bang, Soo-Young;Lee, Kyu Young
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.36-46
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: To understand the risk factors of demographic data in geriatric depression scale, and suicidality among in elderly who live alone at one urban region. Methods:In 2009, 589 elderly who live alone(age${\geq}$65) were carried out a survey about several socio-demographic data, Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale(SGDS-K) and Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ). Statistical analysis was performed for the collected data. Results: Mean age of elderly who live alone is 75.69(SD 6.17). 40.1% of participants uneducated, 31.4% graduate from elementary school, 12.9% graduate from high school, 11.7% graduate from middle school, 3.2% graduate from university. Religionless, having past history of depression or physical diseases, low subjective satisfaction of family situation, and not having any social group activity have significance to depressive symptoms of elderly who live alone. Having past history of depression, religionless, low subjective satisfaction of family situation have significance to suicidality. Especially, low subjective satisfaction of family situation and having past history of depression are powerful demographic factor both depressive symptoms and suicidality of elderly who live alone. Conclusions: When we take care elderly who live alone, we should consider many things, but especially the social support network such as family satisfaction and past history of depression for reducing or preventing their depression and suicide both elderly depression and suicide who live alone.

Establishment of Bovine Ovum Bank : I. Full Term Development of Vitrified In Vitro Matured Hanwoo (Korean Cattle) Oocytes by Minimum Volume Cooling (UC) Method (소 난자 은행 설립 : I. MVC 방법으로 초자화 동결된 한우 미성숙 난자의 개체 발생능 조사)

  • Kim, E.Y.;Kim, D.I.;Rhee, M.G.;Weon, Y.S.;Nam, H.K.;Lee, K.S.;Park, S.Y.;Park, E.M.;Yoon, J.Y.;Heo, Y.T.;Cho, H.J.;Park, S.P.;Chung, K.S.;Lim, J.H.
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2001
  • This study was to test whether in vitro matured Hanwoo oocytes can be successfully cryopreserved by a new vitrification procedure using MVC method. For the vitrification, oocytes were pretreated in 10% ethylene glycol (EG10) for 5~10 min, exposed in EG30 for 30 sec, each oocyte was individually put on the inner wall of 0.25 $m\ell$ straw, and then straws were directly plunged into L$N_2$. Thawing was taken by 4-step procedures 〔1.0 M sucrose (MS), 0.5 MS, 0.25 MS, and 0.125 MS〕 at 37$^{\circ}C$. In vitro developmental capacity (survival, cleavage ($\geq$2-cell) and blastocyst rates) in vitrified group was no significant difference compared to that in other treatment groups (exposed; 100.0, 74.4, 32.3% and control; 100.0, 78.3, 36.3%): high mean percentage of oocytes (91.2%) was survived, 69.4% of them were cleaved and 27.9% of cleaved embryos were developed to blastocyst. Especially, after transfer of in vitro developed embryos in vitrified group, four of six recipient animals were pregnant and three of them were ongoing-pregnant by manual palpation at 250 days after transfer. This result demonstrates that MVC method is very appropriate freezing method for the Hanwoo in vitro matured oocytes and that ovum bank can be maintained efficiently by MVC cryopreservation method.

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A Study on the Vegetation Structure of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) in Jeju-do, Korea (제주도 동백동산 상록활엽수림 식생구조 연구)

  • Kwak, Jeong-In;Lee, Kyong-Jae;Han, Bong-Ho;Song, Ji-Ho;Jang, Jong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.241-252
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    • 2013
  • This study investigated plant community structure of Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) in Jeju-do to identify character as evergreen broad-leaved forest. 20 plots(size is $20m{\times}20m$) were set up and plant communities were divided into 5 communities of Quercus glauca-Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii-Ilex integra(Camellia japonica), Quercus glauca-Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii-Camellia japonica, Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica, Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica-Pinus thunbergii and Pinus thunbergii-Quercus glauca by using TWINSPAN, DCA ordination, mean importance value and environmental condition. Area of Evergreen broad-leaved forest with stonny ground is covered with Quercus glauca and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii in canopy layer and Camellia japonica in the subordinate layer. Area of remaining soil's depth is covered with Pinus thunbergii. It has been alleged that Pinus thunbergii planted by human when Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) is not selected local monuments. All of communities is predicted success to community of Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica. Shannon's diversity ranged from 1.0268 to 1.0717 in area of Evergreen broad-leaved forest and 1.2102 in area of Pinus thunbergii. 10 species of broad-leaved tree's constancy ratio is over the 80%. In future, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii and Cinnamomum japonicum can cover canopy layer, but it has low importance value. Specially high aged Camellia japonica is appeared everywhere. It has been alleged that it was touched by divinity since past. Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) has different plant structure with another evergreen broad-leaved forest. It is hard that knowing its successional sere because it was damaged when it isn't degignate local monument. Accordingly continuous monitoring was required, successional direction and community's character is identified after forest become steady.

Clinical Features of Sulfite-Sensitive Asthmatics (설파이트(Sulfite) 과민성 천식 환자의 임상적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Young-Soo;Baik, Su-Hum;Park, Hae-Sim;Rhu, Nam-Soo;Cho, Dong-Ill;Kim, Jae-Won
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.159-166
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    • 1992
  • Background:Sulfiting agents are widely used as preservatives and antioxidants in foods, beverages and drugs including bronchodilators. There have been reports of sulfite-related reactions such as anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema, abdominal discomfortness as well as bronchospasm. Several investigators reported that sulfite-sensitive asthmatic patients comprised from 3.9% to 8.2% of all asthmatic patients and its prevalence was higher in steroid-dependent group than in steroid-independent group. Subjects and Method:We performed oral provocation test with sodium bisulfite and aspirin in 17 asthmatic patients who have experienced aggravation of their symptoms after administration of drugs or foods. All of them were steroid dependent asthmatics. We observed clinical symptoms and steroid requirements from 1 to 18 months. Result:Ten of them showed severe bronchoconstriction after the ingestion of sodium bisulfite (50 to 200 mg) within 30 minutes. Concurrent aspirin intolerance was noted by oral provocation test in four cases (40%). Three of them showed positive responses on skin prick test with sulfite (10 or 100 mg/ml). Mean total eosinophil counts was $844/mm^3$ at asthmatic attack. And there was no significant responses on skin prick test and IgE-RAST to common inhalant allergens. After complete avoidance from sulfite containing foods and drugs as well as antiasthmatic medication for 1 to 18 months, nine of them (90%) could stop or reduce the steroid requirements. ConcIusion:It was suggested that severe steroid dependent and intrinsic type of asthmatic patients should be evaluated for sulfite-sensitivity.

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Usefulness of Three-phasic Bone Scan in Young Male Patients Suspected of Post-traumatic Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome (외상후 교감신경 이영양증이 의심되는 젊은 남자 환자들에서 삼상 골스캔의 유용성)

  • Lee, Won-Woo;Kim, Tae-Uk;Kim, Tae-Hoon;Jung, Cheoul-Yun;Moon, Jin-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.52-60
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    • 2001
  • Purpose: In young male patients who suffered several kinds of trauma with subsequent suspicious reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome, we performed three-phasic bone scan in order to investigate its usefulness. Materials and Methods: Patients with narrow range of age (21-25. mean $22.8{\pm}1.3$, all male) were included with suspicious reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome of 12 feet and 5 hands. Only one was bilateral feet case and 16 were ipsilateral (Rt:13, Lt:3). The etiologic traumas were 4 fractures, 4 sprains, 3 blunt trauma, 2 cellulitis, 1 tendon tear, 1 crush injury, 1 overexercise, and 1 unknown. Radiologically 3 showed osteoporotic changes. Three-phasic bone scans were performed $21.2{\pm}7.3wks$ after trauma. Results: According to symptom complex, confirmatory reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome 4 cases and suspicious 13 were analyzed. All confirmatory cases (100%) showed increased uptake at delay phase with periarticular accentuation. Of confirmatory 4 cases, 2 showed increased uptake in all three phases (perfusion: P, blood pool: B, and delay: D), and other 2 revealed decreased P but, both increased B and D. Of suspicious 13 cases, 9(69.2%) had increased D (4 periarticular and 5 focal), 2 decreased D, and 2 symmetric D. In 12 foot cases, so-called weight hearing patterns - increased contralateral sole at P and B - were revealed in 7(58.3%). Conclusion: Diffuse periarticular increased uptake at delay phase of three-phasic bone scan was a compatible finding to reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome in young male patients whose symptom complex strongly designated post traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome.

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