• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1977.06a
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• pp.10.1-10
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• 1977

The authors have experienced 8 cases of the thyroglossal duct cysts and fistula which were diagnosed and treated surgically in the Dept. of Otolaryngology, Taegu Presbyterian Hospital during the period of last 2 years. 1. Age distribution showed at age 2∼10 years old (4 cases), and 10∼30 years old (3 cases); The youngest age of 2, and the oldest age of 42. 2. The form of disease revealed as cystic form (7 cases) and fistula form (1 case). 3. Operating procedure were excision of thyroglossal duct cyst with partial removal of hyoid bone. 4. Sex distribution 7 in female and 1 in male. 5. Histologic examination revealed as stratified squamous epithelial lining were 7 cases, its cell composed with plasma cells lymphocytes. No epithelial lining is 1 case. 6. Post-operative complications were not developed in all cases.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.80-83
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• 2009

Purpose: Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy is a rare manifestation of various underlying disease. This article presents a rare complication of general anesthesia associated with an surgical procedure on a case of zygomatic fracture. Methods: An 18-year-old female patient was referred to our department by painful swelling on her left zygomatic area after the traffic accident. Left zygomatic complex fracture was identified on the simple x-ray and facial bone CT scan, and the fracture was treated with open reduction and internal fixation under general anesthesia. On the first postoperative day, she complained of difficulty in swallowing solid food, dysarthria and deviated tongue to her right side. There was no abnormal findings on the neurological examination, brain MRI and routine chemistry. She was diagnosed with transient hypoglossal nerve palsy and dexamethasone with multi-vitamins was administrated intravenously for 5 days. Results: The symptoms were completely resolved by the ninth postoperative day and the patient was discharged without any other complications. Conclusion: The hypoglossal(cranial nerve XII)nerve supplies motor innervation to all of the ipsilateral extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles. The hypoglossal nerve damage may caused by the compression between the airway and the hyoid bone during the endotracheal intubation, and direct trauma due to excessive pressure or neck extension. We described a rare case of unintended injury to hypoglossal nerve and care must be taken not to cause the hypoglossal nerve damage especially in facial plastic surgery with excessive neck extension under general anesthesia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2000

A 20-day-old female Diprosopia in Holstein calf was observsd macroscopically and radiographically. Anterior head duplication(Diprosopia) was observed and all structures caudal to it were normal. She had two muzzles, three eyes, two ears and two tongues. The tongues were joined at their base just posterior and had one hyoid bone. Schistognathia and cleft lips were also observed in the lower jaws. She had an oral cavity, single epiglottis and a laryngeal cavity communicated with one trachea. The cerebral hemispheres were duplicated and fused together in the caudal region. The olfactory and optic nerves were duplicated. The incisive, nasal, pterygoid, parietal, ethmoid bones and vomer were duplicated, respectively. The skull of Diprosopia was shared by an occipital bone. The mandibules, palatines and sphenoid bones were duplicated incompletely. Three orbits and two fontanelles were observed. The medial lacrimal bones and maxillae were duplicated incompletely and fused with each other, respectively. Cleft palates were observed. Medial mandibular mass which was fused together and was duplicated incompletely at the part of its cranial, was shown synchondrosis with the left mandible, but not with the right.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 2001

Median cleft of the lower lip and/or mandible is a rare congenital anomaly, first mentioned by Couronne in 1819. Monroe(1966), Fujino(1970), Ranta(1984) and Oostrom(1996) conducted comprehensive reviews and list cases in literature. Median cleft varies greatly, from a simple vermilion notch to a complete cleft of the lip involving the tongue, the chin, the mandible, the supporting structures of the median of the neck, and the manubrium sterni. The associated anomalies include ankyloglossia, cleft tongue, neck contraction, heart lesion, absence of hyoid bone, and so on. The etiology of median cleft is unknown. Various possibilities, such as failure of mesodermal penetration into the midline, failure of fusion of mandibular processes, external factors apart from the embryogenic pattern such as pressure, position in utero, circulatory failure caused placental adhesion, diseases in pregnancy, and so on, have been discussed. A 8-year-old girl was referred to the Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital and had been aware of the fact that at birth "she had something wrong with her mouth." Shortly after birth she had been examined by a plastic surgeon and at that time surgical procedure had been performed to release the tongue from the lower jaw and lip at local hospital. On admission, she had a slight notching of lower lip and two fibrous frenum ran from the lip along the ventral surface of the tongue, diastema between her mandibular central incisors, and slightly constricted bifid mandible associated independent movement of the two halves of mandible. The patient had autogenous iliac bone graft to reconstruct the mandibular midline defect. The postoperative result was uneventful. In future, the correction of the soft tissue deformities such as notching of the lower lip and partial ankyloglossia will be required for the esthetic and functional improvement.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2017

Samples were obtained from broodstok in May, 2010, while naturally fertilized embryos were maintained, and the process of skeletal development was observed from larvae and juvenile. Prelarvae immediately after hatching showed an average total length of $6.85{\pm}0.63mm$ (n =5), Premaxillary and dentary were ossified, parasphenoid was ossified in the cranium, and centrum and caudal bone did not ossify. Prelarvae showed ossification with maxillary, articular, and epihyal, and branchiostegal rays of hyoid arch were ossified at 2 to 3 days after hatching with an average total length of $7.25{\pm}0.28mm$ (n=5). The vertebrae began to ossify in the direction of the tail, and neural spine began to ossify above the ossified vertebra. Postlarvae showed ossification of lateral ethmoid, alisphenoid, parietal, and caudal skeleton in the cranium when the average total length was $9.00{\pm}1.53mm$ (n=5) in 6 days after hatching. At 40 days after hatching, postlarvae ossified maxillary in the cranium, and ossified endopterygoid and ectopterygoid, etc. in the palate, when the average length of $23.3{\pm}0.28mm$ (n=5). At 120 days after hatching, with the average length was $37.5{\pm}2.83mm$ (n=5), caudal skeleton had one additional epural bone ossification, resulting in ossification of a total of 3 epural bone to complete ossification of all spicules.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.562-573
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• 1997

Comparative osteology of Chromis notata, C. analis and C. fumea was studied based on the samples collected from the Korean waters. The three species are distinguished by the shape of cranium, visceral skeleton, vertebra and caudal skeleton. Chromis notata has a glossohyal which is slightly curved in shape while two other species are deeply curved. C. analis has three spiniform procurrent caudal rays while others have two. C. fumes could be distinguished easily by the shape of preopercle which is serrate in posterior margin. This investigator reveals following bones as new taxonomic criteria for the genus Chromis in Korea. In cranium, height of supraoccipital, height of process of parasphenoid and anterior margin of basisphenoid, in visceral skeleton, presence of fine papilla-like process at the surface of preopercular sensory canal, in orbital bone, width of preorbital, in hyoid arch, shape of glossohyal, union state between lower hypohyal and ceratohyal and union state between ceratohyal and epihyal, in shoulder girdle bone, dorsal margin of posttemporal, width of upper postclavicle, posterior end of lower postclavicle and posterior margin of first actinost bone, in vertebrae, beginning point of parapophysis, in caudal skeleton, upper shape of second neural spine of pleural centrum.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.383-394
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the anatomic changes in the upper airway with a dental orthosis. the effectiveness and side effects of orthosis in the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. To meet this puppose a dental orthosis, designed to increase the size of the upper airway by advancing the mandible, was used in 42 patients (30 M, 12 F), aged 29 - 69 years, to treat snoring and varying decrees of obstructive sleep apnea. Cephalometric study of anatomic featured was made with and without a dental orthosis, and the evaluation of the effectiveness and side effects of orthosis was done by questionnaires. The obtained results were as follows : 1. All subjects were habitual snorers and 32 patients comp1ained the loudness of snoring as severe as be heard outside of the patient's room. 2. According to the degree of respiratory distirbance index(RDI) and aprea index(Al) from the polysomnograph in 34 patient, mild obstructive sleep apnea patients were 5, moderate 6 and severe 16. 3. Various anatomic changes in the upper airway with denta1 orthosis were as follows : (1) More superioly positioned hyoid bone ( p<0.001) (2) Enlarged oropharyngeal (superior p<0.01, middle p<0.01. inferior p<0.01) and hypopharyngeal (P<0.05) airway space. 4. According to the results of the changes of clinical syptoms after the usage of the dental orthosis acquired from questionnaires, there was significant improvement in the frequently, the loudness and the severity of snoring, cessation of breathing and awakening from the difficulty of breathing during sleep. 5. The effectiveness and side effects of dental orthosis by questionnaires were as follows ; (1) Dental orthosis satisfied almost all the patients (68±20%). (2) Snoring was improved in all the patients (73±19%). (3) Obstructive sleep aphea was improved in all the patients (61 ± 37%) (4) Sleepiness in the daytime was significantly improved (61 ±37%). (5) The sleep quality was significantly improved (61±37%). (6) The discomfort of the dental orthosis was minor (33±18%) and no serious complications were observed. 6. The dental orthosis is an effective treatment for the symptom of snoring, and it can also effectively treat varying degrees of obstructive sleep apnea.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.329-342
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• 1988

In methods of finding causes for cleft palate, many cases have been studied by investigators using teratogenic agents. Among them, a synthetic agent known as triamcinolone acetonide (TA) was widely used. When this drug was injected into mice during palatogenesis, it induced lowered body weight and a deformed mandible. But many cases have been studied on growth changes, only of the developmental stages of the palate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate craniofacial growth in experimentally induced cleft palate mice after finishing palatogenesis namely just before birth. Normal, alcohol treated, and TA treated DDY mice were obtained at 18-days of gestation and heads were prepared for serial sectioning in the sagittal plane. The midsagittal sections were photographically enlarged (${\times}40$) and measurements made to asses the amount of growth. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The incidence of cleft palate was 41.2% when TA was injected. 2. The body weight of the cleft palate group was lower than the control group. 3. In the cleft palate group, mandibular length (H-M) was lighter than the control group. 4. In the cleft palate group, degree of staining was not distinct compared to the control group by the double staining method. 5. In the cleft palate group, anteroposterior posture of the tongue tip to facial plane (C-M) was more posterior than the control group. 6. The cause of posterior posture of the tongue tip to facial plane (C-M) in the cleft palate group, was not short and retracted tongue but the mandibular length was increased. 7. The anteroposterior relationship of hyoid cartilage to cranial base was the same in all groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 1998

Background : It has been established that the fundamental frequency(Fo) of the vowels varies systemically as a function of vowel height. Specifically, high vowels have a higher Fo than low vowels. Two major explanations or hypotheses dominate contemporary accounts of fired to explain the mechanisms underlying intrinsic variation in vowel Fo, source-tract coupling hypothesis and tongue-pull hypothesis. Objectives : Total laryngectomy surgery necessiates removal of all structures between the hyoid bone and the tracheal rings. Therefore, the assumption that no direct interconnection exists between the tongue and pharyngoesophageal segment that would mediate systematic variation in vowel Fo appears quite reasonable. If tongue-pull hypothesis is correct, systemic differences in Fo between high versus low vowels produced by esophageal speakers would not Or expected. We analyzed the Fo in the vowels of esophageal voice. Materials and method : The subjects were 11 cases of laryngectomee patients with fluent esophageal voice. The five essential vowels were recorded and analyzed with computer speech analysis system(Computerized Speech Lab). The Fo was measured using acoustic waveform, automatically and manually, and narrow band spectral analysis. Results : The results of this study reveal that intrinsic variation in vowel Fo is clearly evident in esophageal speech. By analysis using acoustic waveform automatically, the signals were too irregular to measure the Fo precisely. So the data from automatic analysis of acoustic waveform is not logical. But the Fo by measuring with manually calculated acoustic waveform or narrowband spectral analysis resulted in acceptable results. These results were interpreted to support neither the source-tract coupling nor the tongue-pull hypotheses and led us to offer an alternative explanation to account for intrinsic variation of Fo.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.7
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• pp.323-328
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• 2014

Purpose: Adenoid hypertrophy is a physical alteration that may affect speech, and a speech disorder can have other negative effects on a child's life. Airway obstruction leads to constricted oral breathing and causes postural alterations of several oro-facial structures, including the mouth, tongue, and hyoid bone. The postural modifications may affect several aspects of speech production. Methods: In this study, we compared articulation errors in 19 children with adenoid hypertrophy (subject group) to those of 33 children with functional articulation disorders independent of anatomical problems (control group). Results: The mean age of the subject group was significantly higher (P=0.016). Substitution was more frequent in the subject group (P=0.003; odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23- 2.62), while omission was less frequent (P<0.001; OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.27-0.67). Articulation errors were significantly less frequent in the palatal affricative in the subject group (P=0.047; OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07-0.92). The number of articulation errors in other consonants was not different between the two groups. Nasalization and aspiration were significantly more frequent in the subject group (P=0.007 and 0.014; OR, 14.77 and 0.014; 95% CI, [1.62-135.04] and NA, respectively). Otherwise, there were no differences between the two groups. Conclusion: We identified the characteristics of articulation errors in children with adenoid hypertrophy, but our data did not show the relationship between adenoid hypertrophy and oral motor function that has been observed in previous studies. The association between adenoid hypertrophy and oral motor function remains doubtful.