• 제목/요약/키워드: the fruits

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국내 유통 주요 사과 품종 왜성대목 및 접수의 바이러스 검정 (Virus Detection of Dwarfing Rootstock and Scion in Major Commercial Apple Cultivars)

  • 허윤선;이정관;박재성;윤여중
    • 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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    • pp.52-52
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    • 2018
  • Apple (Malus domestica) is one of the most economically important fruits in Korea. But virus infection has decreased sustainable production of apple and caused the serious problems such as yield loss and poor fruit quality. Virus or viroid infection including Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) and Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) has been also reported in Korea, furthermore, its damages and economic losses have increased constantly. In our research, we tried to survey virus infection for commercial nursery trees of major apple cultivars, especially dwarfing rootstocks 'M.9' and 'M.26' as well as scions. Trees were collected from 11 locations which have produced a great amount of apple nursery stocks in Korea. Infection degree was investigated in apple cultivars, 'Hongro' and 'Fuji' using RT-PCR method. In the scion of cultivar 'Hongro', infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV were 100%, 81.8% and 100% respectively. In the rootstock of cultivar 'Hongro', infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV and ApMV were 90.9%, 81.8%, 100% and 9.1% respectively. In the scion of cultivar 'Fuji', infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV were 81.8%, 90.9% and 100% respectively. In the rootstock of cultivar 'Fuji', infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV and ApMV were 81.8%, 90.9%, 100% and 9.1% respectively. Infection of ASSVd was not detected in both cultivars. From our results, it was found that most of apple rootstocks and scions had multiple infections by apple viruses which have caused economic damage in fruit production.

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LC/MS를 이용한 카바메이트계 잔류농약 확인방법 (Confirmation of carbamate pesticides by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry)

  • 박준조;금모래;고광춘;박병옥;이성식
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2002
  • A method was developed to separate, detect and qualify aldicarb, bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, methomyl, methiocarb, propoxur in meats and fruits. Experimental beef and fork samples were fortified with 0.05mg/kg of carbamate pesticides for analysis. Carbamate-detected pear by HPLC fluorescence detector(HPLC/FLS) are extracted with acetonitril and refined by solid phase extraction(SPE) filled with aminopropyl-bonded silca, In the following step, the injected materials into LC/MS are analyzed to result in the fact that bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, methomyl, methiocarb, propoxur presents several sorts of fraction ions following with; [M+H]$^{+}$, [M+Na]$^{+}$,[M-CONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$, [M-OCONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$. In addition, ethiofencarb presents [M-SCH$_2$$CH_3$]$^{+}$ ion distinctive and aldicarb presents [M+Na]$^{+}$ and [M-OCONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$ ion which is the most decisive fraction ion for pesticides such as bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, methiocarb, methomyl, propoxur excluding [M+H]$^{+}$ ion. However, [M-OCONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$ and [M-OCONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$ fraction ion charactering carbamate pesticides are detected most efficiently with fragment voltage 50ev. As a result, for rluantitative analysis, [M+Na]$^{+}$ ion is the most decisive ion for detection of aldicarb and [M+H]$^{+}$ ion is the most decisive fraction ion for Pesticides such as bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, methiocarb, methomyl, propoxur. Carbaryl-detected pear by HPLC/FLS are analyzed by L/MS and the result shows that [M+H]$^{+}$ and [M-CONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$ ions charactering carbaryl are detected.ering carbaryl are detected.

수출 전 저장기간과 모의 수출에 따른 '후지' 사과의 상품성 변화 (Market Quality Changes of 'Fuji' Apples Influenced by the Duration of Preshipment Storage and Packaging during Simulated Export)

  • 박일용;이재창;황용수
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2002
  • 관행적인 수확기인 11월 6일에 수확한 '후지' 사과는 80% 이상이 밀증상을 나타내었으나 에틸렌 발생량을 기준으로 볼 때 climacteric stage에 도달하지는 않았다. 모의 수출 전 2 개월 저장기간 중 밀증상은 점차 감소하였다. 저장기간 중 가용성 고형물 수준은 일정하지 않았으나 경도와 생체중 감소가 저장기간일 길수록 증가하였다. 저장기간에 따라 모의 수출과 소매과정을 경과시킨 과실의 품질은 전반적으로 낮아졌지만 무처리에 비하여 30 um 플라스틱 필름 포장, 에틸렌제거제 처리는 전반적으로 과실의 품질을 소매단계까지 우수하게 유지시키는 결과를 보였다. 반면에 왁스처리는 외관품질을 우수하게 유지시켰지만 갈변장해를 일으켜 바람직하지 않았다. 따라서 수출용 과실은 건조한 환경에서 장기간 수송되고 판매되므로 품질저하가 심하여 이를 방지하기 위해서는 플라스틱 필름과 같은 moisture barrier 및 에 틸렌 제거 환경으로 선적하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

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Optimization of Citric Acid Production by Immobilized Cells of Novel Yeast Isolates

  • Hesham, Abd El-Latif;Mostafa, Yasser S.;AlSharqi, Laila Essa Omar
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제48권2호
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    • pp.122-132
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    • 2020
  • Citric acid is a commercially valuable organic acid widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and beverage industries. In this study, 260 yeast strains were isolated from soil, bread, juices, and fruits wastes and preliminarily screened using bromocresol green agar plates for their ability to produce organic acids. Overall, 251 yeast isolates showed positive results, with yellow halos surrounding the colonies. Citric acid production by 20 promising isolates was evaluated using both free and immobilized cell techniques. Results showed that citric acid production by immobilized cells (30-40 g/L) was greater than that of freely suspended cells (8-19 g/L). Of the 20 isolates, two (KKU-L42 and KKU-L53) were selected for further analysis based on their citric acid production levels. Immobilized KKU-L42 cells had a higher citric acid production rate (62.5%), while immobilized KKU-L53 cells showed an ~52.2% increase in citric acid production compared with free cells. The two isolates were accurately identified by amplification and sequence analysis of the 26S rRNA gene D1/D2 domain, with GenBank-based sequence comparison confirming that isolates KKU-L42 and KKU-L53 were Candida tropicalis and Pichia kluyveri, respectively. Several factors, including fermentation period, pH, temperature, and carbon and nitrogen source, were optimized for enhanced production of citric acid by both isolates. Maximum production was achieved at fermentation period of 5 days at pH 5.0 with glucose as a carbon source by both isolates. The optimum incubation temperature for citric acid production by C. tropicalis was 32 ℃, with NH4Cl the best nitrogen source, while maximum citric acid by P. kluyveri was observed at 27 ℃ with (NH4)2 SO4 as the nitrogen source. Citric acid production was maintained for about four repeated batches over a period of 20 days. Our results suggest that apple and banana wastes are potential sources of novel yeast strains; C. tropicalis and P. kluyveri which could be used for commercial citric acid production.

Enhancement of Virus-induced Gene Silencing in Tomato by Low Temperature and Low Humidity

  • Fu, Da-Qi;Zhu, Ben-Zhong;Zhu, Hong-Liang;Zhang, Hong-Xing;Xie, Yuan-Hong;Jiang, Wei-Bo;Zhao, Xiao-Dan;Luo, Yun-Bo
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.153-160
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    • 2006
  • Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an attractive reverse-genetics tool for studying gene function in plants. We showed that silencing of a phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene is maintained throughout TRV-PDS-inoculated tomato plants as well as in their flowers and fruit and is enhanced by low temperature ($15^{\circ}C$) and low humidity (30%). RT-PCR analysis of the PDS gene revealed a dramatic reduction in the level of PDS mRNA in leaves, flowers and fruits. Silencing of PDS results in the accumulation of phytoene, the desaturase substrate. In addition, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in the leaves of PDS-silenced plants was reduced by more than 90%. We also silenced the LeEIN2 gene by infecting seedlings, and this suppressed fruit ripenning. We conclude that this VIGS approach should facilitate large-scale functional analysis of genes involved in the development and ripening of tomato.

신품종 배 '감천'과 '추황'의 수확시기에 따른 저장반응 (Storage Response of 'Kamchun' and 'Chuhwang' Pears by Harvest Dates)

  • 황용수;천종필;이재창;서정학
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.48-53
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    • 2001
  • 본 연구는 신품종 '감천'과 '추황' 배 과실에 있어 수확시기에 따른 저장성을 조사하여 이들 품종의 수확 후 관리를 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. '감천'은 대과로서 당도는 13.2% 이상으로 수확시기에 관계없이 높았고 산도는 0.082% 이하로 낮아 전반적인 품질이 우수하였고 저장 중 과피 흑변이 전혀 발생하지 않았지만 과심 갈변이 10월 중순 이후 수확한 과실에서 40% 정도로 높게 발생하였다. '추황'은 경도가 높고 산함량이 높으며 저장 중 과피 흑변이 수확시기에 관계없이 80% 이상 높게 발생하였고 과육갈변도 조기 수확한 과실에서 심하게 발생하였다. 따라서 수확 후 생리적 장해를 회피할 수 있는 적절한 수확시기와 이들 장해를 방지할 수 있는 수확 후 관리 기술의 개발이 필요하다.

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Hesperetin suppresses LPS/high glucose-induced inflammatory responses via TLR/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways in THP-1 cells

  • Lee, Aeri;Gu, HyunJi;Gwon, Min-Hee;Yun, Jung-Mi
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.591-603
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    • 2021
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Unregulated inflammatory responses caused by hyperglycemia may induce diabetes complications. Hesperetin, a bioflavonoid, is a glycoside in citrus fruits and is known to have antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. However, the effect of inflammation on the diabetic environment has not been reported to date. In this study, we investigated the effect of hesperetin on proinflammatory cytokine secretion and its underlying mechanistic regulation in THP-1 macrophages with co-treatment LPS and hyperglycemic conditions. MATERIALS/METHODS: THP-1 cells differentiated by PMA (1 µM) were cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of hesperetin under normoglycemic (5.5 mM/L glucose) or hyperglycemic (25 mM/L glucose) conditions and then treated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 6 h before harvesting. Inflammation-related proteins and mRNA levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. RESULTS: Hesperetin (0-100 µM, 48 h) treatment did not affect cell viability. The tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels increased in cells co-treated with LPS under hyperglycemic conditions compared to normoglycemic conditions, and these increases were decreased by hesperetin treatment. The TLR2/4 and MyD88 activity levels increased in cells co-treated with LPS under hyperglycemic conditions compared to normoglycemic conditions; however, hesperetin treatment inhibited the TLR2/4 and MyD88 activity increases. In addition, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Acetyl-NF-κB levels increased in response to treatment with LPS under hyperglycemic conditions compared to normoglycemic conditions, but those levels were decreased when treated with hesperetin. SIRT3 and SIRT6 expressions were increased by hesperetin treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that hesperetin may be a potential agent for suppressing inflammation in diabetes.

Acetobacter orientalis MAK88 균주를 이용한 양파 식초의 발효 최적화 (Optimization of Fermentation Condition for Onion Vinegar Using Acetobacter orientalis MAK88)

  • 이진아;이설희;박영서
    • 산업식품공학
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.403-408
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    • 2017
  • 양파를 이용하여 식초를 제조하기 위하여 막걸리로부터 분리된 내산성과 내알코올성이 우수하고 산생성능이 높은 Aectoacter orientalis MAK88를 사용하였다. 양파 추출액에 A. orientalis MAK88의 종배양액을 접종하여 초산 발효를 실시하였을 경우, 발효 최적 조건을 조사하였다. 앙파 추출액 중의 초기 에탄올 농도는 5% (v/v)가 최적이었으며, 발효 144시간에서의 산도는 4.31%이었다. 초기 초산 농도는 1% (v/v)가 최적으로 발효 144시간에서의 최종 산도는 5.32%였다. 최적 발효온도는 $28^{\circ}C$로 확인되었다. 양파 착즙액은 통 양파를 $121^{\circ}C$에서 15분간 가열한 뒤 가압 착즙 후 여과한 다음 $121^{\circ}C$에서 15분간 살균하여 제조한 것이 발효에 가장 적합하였으며, 희석하지 않은 착즙 원액을 사용하는 것이 가장 좋았다.

산화방지제 파이토케미컬이 건강에 미치는 영향에 대해 고려할 점 (Considerations for the effects of antioxidant phytochemicals on human health)

  • 김대옥;이창용
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제53권2호
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    • pp.111-114
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    • 2021
  • 과일, 채소, 곡물, 견과류 등에 함유된 파이토케미컬은 심혈관질환, 암, 퇴행성신경질환 등을 유발하는 활성산소의 바람직하지 않은 영향을 방지하는 산화방지제로 역할을 한다. 이처럼 유해물질로 간주되었던 활성산소는 최근에 면역 및 다른 생리적 반응 신호에서 인체에 유익한 역할을 하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 여러 연구에 따르면 활성산소는 신진대사 건강을 증진시키는 필수 신호 전달 물질로 작용한다. 따라서, 산화방지제가 활성산소의 신호 전달에 간섭하는 것은 전반적인 이점에 의문의 여지가 있다. 그러므로 건강상의 이익을 위해 파이토케미컬을 기능성 식품과 보충제에 적용할 때 활성산소가 미치는 영향을 이해하기 위한 연구가 반드시 필요하다. 본 논문은 활성산소에 관한 연구를 계획하는 식품학자 및 영양학자들에게 가능한 연구 방향을 제공하고자 활성산소의 새로운 역할과 다양한 파이토케미컬의 호메시스를 간략하게 다루고 있다.

MA포장용기를 이용한 딸기 및 상추의 품질 안전성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Quality and Safety of Strawberries and Lettuce Using MA Packaging Container)

  • 홍상태
    • 대한안전경영과학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2020
  • As of 2018, total yield of lettuce and strawberry amounted to 93,543 tons (representing 1.0 percent) and 183,639 tons (2.0 percent), respectively, among total yields worth 9,185,889 tons in South Korea. Lettuce is affected by a combination of numerous elements such as varieties, cultivation methods and pests during each growth phase (Lee et al., 1999). It is mainly cultivated in spring and fall. Especially due to respiration rate after harvest leading to reduced quality and poor storage, maintaining annual supply is unavailable (Jang et al., 2018). With the distribution of new varieties, forcing culture and indoor insulated facilities for plant cultivation during winter, strawberries are produced every year except for late summer and early fall. Due to active respiration, transpiration, soft flesh and high water content, the fruit is vulnerable to go bad and got rotten compared to other fruits. Furthermore, it is difficult to maintain freshness due to the possibility of softening, discoloration and fungi (Lee et al., 2012). In this regard, developing improved storage and package techniques is needed to ensure maintaining quality and safety even just two to three days after harvest. In order to ensure improved quality and safety of strawberries and lettuce after harvest, the present study applied a modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology (Mostofi et. al., 2008). Going forward, it compared the quality and safety of the two products while being stored in a way that put them in an MAP-applied container and a plastic container at room temperature and 4 degree Celsius.