• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.511-515
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• 2007

'Ooishiwase' plum (Prunus salicina L.) fruits were harvested at three pre-climacteric stages of ripeness (stages 1, 2, and 3) and treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, $1\;{\mu}L/L$) for 24 hours at $10^{\circ}C$ before storage to evaluate the effectiveness of 1-MCP in extending shelf-life at $10^{\circ}C$. Ethylene production and respiration rates were significantly lower after 1-MCP treatment compared to those of control fruit, throughout the entire storage period. Also 1-MCP delayed plum softening and color changes. However the chemical 1-MCP had no effect on fruit soluble solid content changes, the preservative 1-MCP is an effective tool for quality improvement in plums, and extension of shelf life of the fruit and plums can safely be harvested at stage 3 of ripening, at which time the most desirable organoleptic attributes have been developed.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2018

Sustainable practices of school foodservices are gaining more attentions. The study aimed to investigate dietitians' performance levels of sustainable practices in school foodservice settings in Gyeonggi Provinces. Using a survey method was used, and data were collected from 358 participants (response rate 59.7%) to be analyzed using the SPSS program. The evaluation tool for sustainable practices of school foodservices consisted of four sections and 34 criteria with 100 points. Employment status of the respondents was as follows: nutrition teachers 40.9%, dietitians (permanent) 45.1%, and temporary position dietitians 13.2%. Dietitians' performance for sustainable practices marked 65.67 points out of 100 (performance rate 66%) and were in the following order by section: sustainable foodservice management criteria (69%), support activities (69%), planning and evaluation (68%), and outcome management (52%). Regarding sub-sections, criteria that acquired higher performance rates were labelling of food origin (99%), use of seasonal vegetables and fruits (98%), food waste management by contract dealer (98%), and planning for reducing of food waste and solid waste (91%). Meanwhile, criteria that showed the lowest scores were installing water conservation devices on equipment (19%), operating food donation programs for communities (21%), use of sensor lights for electricity conservation (24%), planning for annual energy conservation (40%), and implementation of education programs for foodservice workers on sustainable activities (42%). Performance scores differed according to school levels and working experience of dietitians, indicating that dietitians at elementary school foodservices or with work experience of 15 to 20 years showed higher performance than those at high schools or with less than 5 years of work experience (P<0.001, P<0.05). Based on the results, action plans for improvement were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the associations of food security with socio-demographic characteristics, nutrient intakes and mental health status among older Korean adults. Methods: This study was conducted using data from the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects were 4,451 adults aged 65~98 years. Food security was measured using a self-reported question on food sufficiency of subjects' household. Based on the answers, study subjects were classified into secure, mildly insecure, moderately insecure, and severely insecure groups. Dietary intake was estimated by 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrient intake was assessed by dietary reference intakes (DRI). As for mental health status, the data on mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were used. Results: Rate of food insecurity in older adults was 14.3%. Old age, being female, low education, low income level, living alone, and discomfort in daily living were more related to food insecurity. Means of nutrient intakes were significantly different according to food security status. Intakes of calcium, potassium, and vitamin $B_2$ were lower than recommended intakes in all groups. Consumption amounts of soy and soybean products, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits, vegetable oils, meats, eggs, seafood, and dairy products were lower in food insecure groups. Mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were higher in food insecure groups independent of the gender and income level. Conclusions: These present findings suggested that food security is related to mental health as well as nutrition status in older Korean adults. A national system that include food and psychosocial support programs for the elderly should be considered in order to improve the overall health of older Korean adults.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 1988

The effect of physicochemical characteristics on the freezing point depression of garlic bulb was studied to examine the reasons of cryoprotectivity in garlic bulb stored at subzero temperature. The composition of fresh garlic was characterized by having high soluble solids($40^{\circ}$ Brix; 90% on dry basis), comparing with $10^{\circ}$ Brix in case of other fruits and vegetables. Soluble solids were composed of 70% sugars, 20% protein, and 10% insoluble solids(including 3% of ash, 3% of crude fiber, and 4% of fat). The main component of sugars in garlic was fructosan with 1-29 degree of polymerization(D.P) and the fructosan of 4-5 D.P was over 50% of total fructosan. Freezing point of garlic bulb, which is a parameter of cryoprotectivity, was depressed as the concentration of soluble solids increased, and as the D.P value decreased in the same concentration of soluble solids.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.740-749
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to develop nutrition education materials for older adults, 'nutritional management for healthy aging'. A booklet and four leaflets were developed based on lesson plans. Topics of the lesson plans included eating habit assessment. Korean food guide pyramid, meal planning, eating sensibly and weight management. The titles of the leaflets were 'Eating right for healthy aging', 'Eat calcium-rich foods', 'Enjoy fruits & vegetables' and 'Weight management'. Illustrations and icons appropriate to the texts were designed using illustrator 9.0 and Photoshop 6.0. Booklet (letter size, 5 chapters, 44 pages) and leaflets (B4 size, 6 sections) focused on modifying undesirable eating habits, providing practical tips for desirable behaviors, and behavioral modification such as recording in a food diary, goal setting and increasing self-efficacy. The drafts were pilot-tested by interviews with older adults(n=10), and minor changes were made. The characteristics of revised materials are as follows; i) materials focused on providing desirable eating behaviors for healthy aging, ii) messages were simple and specific, iii) large fonts(13 pt) were used and materials included interesting pictures and illustrations, iv) materials provided tips for balanced diets and recipes fur older adults, v) materials included sections for participation of learners including assessment of nutritional risk factors and obesity, meal planning and games. The revised materials are self-explanatory and can be used by older adults and in nutrition education for older adults.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nutrition education on improving dietary attitudes, food habits and Food Frequency of 32 female shift workers by administering questionnaires. Dietary nutrient consumption data were obtained from the female shift workers by using 1 day 24-hr recall. The results were as follows: Score on 'Concerns about health (p < 0.05)' was significantly higher after-training. Dietary attitude (32.3 vs. 34.9, p < 0.01) and food habits (60.2 vs. 67.1, p < 0.01) were significantly higher after the training. Scores on 'Eating a lot of food that I want to eat is more important than nutrition (p < 0.01)', 'I have a tendency to use instant foods when I am busy (p < 0.01)', 'I am interested in information on nutrition and health (p < 0.01)' were significantly higher after the training. Scores on 'I have three meals a day (p < 0.001)', 'I have breakfast regularly (p < 0.01)', 'I take vegetables other than kimchi at every meal (p < 0.01)', 'I drink milk every day (p < 0.001)', 'I eat fruits every day (p < 0.01)', and 'I apply nutrition knowledge to daily life (p < 0.001)' were significantly higher after the training. Protein (p < 0.05), fiber (p < 0.05), vitamin C (p < 0.01), and calcium (p < 0.001) intakes were significantly higher after the training. These results showed that nutrition education had improved the dietary attitudes, food habits, and nutrient intakes. Therefore, we conclude that providing more systematic and appropriate nutrition education to shift workers during their tenure of office period is likely to improve dietary attitudes, food habits, and nutrient intakes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.413-422
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• 2020

Delphinidin is a major anthocyanidin compound found in various vegetables and fruits. It has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and various other biological activities. In this study we demonstrated the anti-cancer activity of delphinidin, which was related to autophagy, in radiation-exposed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Radiosensitising effects were assessed in vitro by treating cells with a subcytotoxic dose of delphinidin (5 μM) before exposure to γ-ionising radiation (IR). We found that treatment with delphinidin or IR induced NSCLC cell death in vitro; however the combination of delphinidin pre-treatment and IR was more effective than either agent alone, yielding a radiation enhancement ratio of 1.54 at the 50% lethal dose. Moreover, combined treatment with delphinidin and IR, enhanced apoptotic cell death, suppressed the mTOR pathway, and activated the JNK/MAPK pathway. Delphinidin inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, and increased the expression of autophagy-induced cell death associated-protein in radiation-exposed NSCLC cells. In addition, JNK phosphorylation was upregulated by delphinidin pre-treatment in radiation-exposed NSCLC cells. Collectively, these results show that delphinidin acts as a radiation-sensitizing agent through autophagy induction and JNK/MAPK pathway activation, thus enhancing apoptotic cell death in NSCLC cells.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.481-487
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• 2010

The ripening behavior of three apple cultivars, 'Tsugaru', 'Hongro' and 'Fuji' was distinctive and the involvement of POLYGALACTURONASE(PG) in the fruit softening process was confirmed to be ethylene dependent. Fruit softening is genetically coordinated by the action of several cell wall enzymes, including PG which depolymerizes cell wall pectin. Also, loss of firmness is associated with increasing of the ripening hormone, ethylene. In this work, climacteric ripening of three apple cultivars, Tsugaru, Hongro and Fuji, producing different ethylene levels and ripening responses, was examined. Correspondingly in Fuji, a linear and basal ethylene level was observed over the entire period of measurements, and Tsugaru and Hongro displayed a typical climacteric rise in ethylene production. Transcript accumulation of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis (MdACS3 and MdACO1) and MdPG1 was studied in Tsugaru, Hongro and Fuji cultivars. Expression of MdACO1 transcripts was shown in all three ripened apple fruits. However, the MdACS3 and MdPG1 were transcribed differently in these cultivars. Comparing the MdPG1 of 'Tsugaru', 'Hongro' and 'Fuji', structural difference was discovered by genomic Southern analysis. Overall results pointed out that MdACS3 and MdPG1 play an important role in regulation of fruit ripening in apple cultivar.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.347-356
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• 2018

Chionanthus retusus is a small deciduous tree that is widely used in landscaping due to its beautiful white spring flowers and ornamental value. Conventional propagation through seeds requires one to two years of breaking dormancy. The objective of this study was to determine the conditions of in vitro germination in C. retusus. In vitro embryo culture was carried out to investigate the effects of six factors: basal media (McCown Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and Murashige and Skoog (MS)); plant growth regulators (different combinations and concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA), and gibberellic acid ($GA_3$)); embryo age (collected weekly beginning 36 days after fruit setting); low temperature pretreatment (storing $4^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks); coconut additives (100, 200, and $300ml{\cdot}L^{-1}$); and genotype (grouping plants depending on their flowering nature). The basal medium used in this study was WPM with $2mg{\cdot}L^{-1-1}\;GA_3$, $20g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose, and $6g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Agar. WPM medium mixed with $GA_3$, resulted in higher germination rate as compared to when using a combination of auxin and cytokinin. $GA_3$ at $2mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was the most effective of all combinations and concentrations of PGRs. WPM medium with $2mg{\cdot}L^{-1}GA_3$ resulted in better and faster germination (75.93%). Embryos collected at 57 days after fruit setting had the highest percent of germinated seeds (87.04%) while low-temperature pretreatment of fruits at $4^{\circ}C$ for two weeks produced the highest germination (95.37%). These results of this study could be an open ground for development of an efficient protocol for commercial production of the ornamental tree.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2019

Generative and vegetative parts of the cactuses have had a long-lasting position in folk medicine and their effects could partly be confirmed in scientific experiments. Nowadays, the cactus, fruits, and cladodes are the focus of many studies because of their desirable properties. Therefore, the summarized reports of valuable properties of medicinal plants may be a good way to familiarize researches with a new source of drugs with lower side effects and higher efficacy. Opuntia dillenii, a well-known member of the Cactaceae family, is used as a medicinal plant in various countries and grows in the desert, semi-desert, tropical and sub-tropical areas. It shows diverse pharmacological activities such as: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, hypotensive etc. OD fruit also possesses valuable constitutes for instance: betalains, ascorbic acid, total phenol, protein as well as essential elements which suggest the significant potential of this plant as a complementary therapy against several pathological conditions. This review describes experimental evidence about pharmacological and therapeutic potential of OD in order to give the basis of its application in the prevention and treatment of some chronic diseases. More studies on OD can help better understanding of its pharmacological mechanism of action to explain its traditional uses and to identify its potential new therapeutic applications.