• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.659-667
• /
• 2014

Fruits are good sources of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytochemicals, which are known to reduce serum lipids, oxidative damage, and blood pressure as well as improve blood glucose control. The purpose of this study was to estimate nutrient quality indices of fruits by carrying out a critical analysis of pre-existing methods according to their nutritional compositions. Four methods were used to assess the nutrient indices of 26 fruits, which are frequently consumed by Koreans based on the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009). Naturally nutrient rich score (NNR), nutrient rich food (NRF), nutrient adequacy score (NAS), and nutrient density score (NDS) were used to calculate nutrient quality indices. The Korean Nutrition Society Food Composition database of fruits based on 100 g edible portions was used. The algorithm of each method included the mean percentage of daily values (Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, 2010) for particular nutrients based on consumption of 1,900 kcal/day. The relative score indicated that strawberries, kumquat, and lemon had high nutrient quality indices. In addition, mango, lemon, persimmon, strawberry, apricot, and tangerine fruits are rich in antioxidant nutrients such as ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium. However, scores of nutrient quality indices did not imply that higher scores of particular fruits are superior. We suggest moderate seasonable consumption a variety of fruits. Our results can be used as a reference for consumers when they choose fruits.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2020

Morus alba has white and/or purple fruits with a very sweet taste and low acidity. Most Korean mulberry trees have purple fruits. However, Baekokwang is a unique mulberry genetic resource in Korea with white fruits. In this study, flavonoids contents of Baekokwang mulberry leaf and fruit were analyzed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS) technique. UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS chromatogram showed that 15 flavonoids and 9 flavonoids were isolated and identified from the mulberry leaf and fruit. Total flavonoids contents of Baekokwang leaves and fruits were 812.7 mg and 35.0 mg, respectively. Baekokwang leaves had 4 major flavonoids including quercetin 3-O-(6"-O-malonyl) glucoside, 235.3 ppm, kaempferol 3-O-(6"-O-malonyl) glucoside, 132.3 ppm, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (nicotiflorin), 108.1 ppm, and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin), 103.8 ppm. Baekokwang fruits had 3 major flavonoids including quercetin 3-O-(6"-O-malonyl) glucoside, 13.0 ppm, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin), 7.8 ppm, and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (nicotiflorin), 5.7 ppm. From the above results, mulberry leaves have rich flavonoids compared to its fruits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.53-69
• /
• 2015

Plants and birds have symbiotic relationship as the birds eat the fruits and disperse its seeds from the different places. Because Brown-eared Bulbul eats various fruits, We investigated the fruits consumed by Brown-eared Bulbul and the distribution of these seeds. Surveys were conducted at several area throughout Jeju Island at least twice a month from 2013 to 2014. We identified the fruits consumed by Brown-eared Bulbul through observation, pictures and interviews from the local residents. Results showed that this species consumed fruits from 82 plant species, belonging to 38 plant families. Thirty nine percent(39%) of these plant species belong to the Rosaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Aquifoliaceae and Vitaceae and 33 species were classified as warm-temperate and subtropical plant which is 40% of the total plant species consumed. Two feeding types, which were gulper type and pecking type were observed for the Brown-eared Bulbul. It was also observed that this species preferred eating fruits of gulping type compared to that of pecking type. The average size of the fruits consumed through gulping was $8.92{\pm}3.41mm$ while it was $45.25{\pm}26.67mm$ for the pecker type. This bird species also consumed more fruits with globular shape compared to those of fruits with ellipse shape. For the fruit color, red and black-colored fruits were more preferred than yellow-colored fruits by Brown-eared Bulbul. Eaten frequency varied from 0.04 to 0.58 and the 10 fruits species were eaten frequently by Brown-eared Bulbul. This study would provide information for the role of Brown-eared Bulbul in the ecosystem as a seed dispersal agent.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.849-857
• /
• 2016

In the growth of the Rubus coreanus Miquel fruits, the unripened (10 days) and ripened (25 days) fruits after flowering were harvested. The chemical characteristics of different maturational stages of the unripened and ripened fruits were investigated. Total amount of phenolic compounds was 4.00-7.56% in the unripened fruits and 3.78-5.57% in the ripened fruits, respectively. Furthermore, total amounts of organic acids such as malic, citric, succinic, and oxalic acids were 16.40 mg/100 g in the unripened fruits and 28.82 mg/100 g in the ripened fruits, respectively. In organic acids of the unripened and the ripened fruits, citric acid (8.76-15.47 mg/100 g) was the highest amount among other organic acids. Soluble sugars were significantly increased from 11.07 to 21.54% in the unripened and ripened fruits. Therefore, ripened fruits had the high levels of phenolic compounds, organic acids and soluble sugars. For the biological studies of R. coreanus, methanol extracts of R. coreanus leaves, fruits, and stems were evaluated for their insecticidal activities against Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Plutella xylostella (Lepioptera: Plutellidae) and Spodoptera litura (Lepioptera: Noctuidae) by leaf dipping method. From these results, the extract of R. coreanus leaves revealed potent insecticidal activity against P. xylostella. However, the methanol extracts of R. coreanus fruits and stems had no any insecticidal activity against M. persicae, P. xylostella and S. litura. The R. coreanus leaves have promising potential as new insecticidal agent against P. xylostella.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2013

A white powder-like substance, so called 'bloom', is formed on the surface of fruits of many varieties of cucumber. Although it is a natural phenomenon, bloomed fruits are accepted lower in quality compared to bloomless fruits by consumers. The experiments were conducted to obtain basic informations for breeding rootstocks, and to develop promising bloomless rootstocks from basic source materials collected and selected by seed company. The surfaces of bloomless fruits were appeared on the bladder cell of glandular trichome and the epicuticular waxes. Those of bloom fruits appeared with an injured bladder cell and many particles, which were not seen on those of bloomless fruits. The chromaticity was investigated on the surface of the bloom and the bloomless fruits. The 'a' and 'b' value of the bloom and the bloomless fruits did not show any significant difference. The 'L' value was significantly different and that of bloom fruits was higher than that of bloomless fruits. Fruit Si content was conspicuously lower in the fruits of cucumber plants grafted on the bloomless rootstock than in the fruits of those grafted on general bloom rootstocks.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.185-193
• /
• 1995

This paper was investigated the changes of the cell wall components, enzyme activities during ripening of jujuba fruits for elucidating the softening metabolism of jujuba fruits. Firmness were decreased during ripening. Moisture content did not show any notable cahanges until ripening stage but they decreased a little In overripe jujuba fruits. Polygalacturonase activities were not detected at nature green stage and $\beta$-galactosidase activities were until turning stage. But polygalacturonase activities in ripening and overripening were 51.31 and 100.72 units/100g-fr, wt. respectively. $\beta$-galactosidase activities were 16.05 and 182.55units/100g-fr. wt. in the same stages. The content of water-soluble protein was increased in overripening. Stage the contents of cell wall and alcohol-insoluble material were. decraesed during maturation, but water-soluble material was increased. The pectin and alkali-soluble hemicellulose were increased until ripening stage, but decreased in overripe jujube fruits. The total pectin and insoluble pectin during ripening, but decreased in overripe jujuba fruits.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 1995

Analytical method for synephrine and octopamine in citrus fruits, drinks containing citrus fruit, and human urine was developed using gas chromatography / mass spectrometry(GC/MS), Silylation with MSTFA, acetylation with MBTFA, and trimethylsilylation with MSTFA followed by trifiuoroacetylation with MBTFA were compared. The selective derivatization of synephrine and octopamine was optimized with two derivatizing reagents ; MSTFA and MBTFA. The ion at m/z 267 was monitored to characterize the benzyl group of the both compounds. Synephrine was detected in the concentrations of 0.46∼1.88 ug/g for citrus fruits and 1.2∼8.1 ug/ml for drinks. The urinary excretion data of synephrine showed the highest concentration at the period of 8-20 hours after drinking orange juices and total amounts of its urinary excretion calculated as a parent compound was 11-14% of a dose during 48 hours. Octopamine was not detected in citrus fruits, drinks, and human urine.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.129-131
• /
• 1997

Occurrence of brown rot was observed on imported orange fruits, and irregular brown spots were appeared as an intial symptom. White colored mycelia were developed rapidly on the surface of the fruits under the humid condition and resulted in rotting of the fruits. The causal organism of brown rot of orange was identified as Phytophthora citrophthora. Most sporangia were nondeciduous, papillate, ovoid, and measured 25.5~51.5$\times$17.9~34.7 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. P. citrophtora was pathogenic on Satsuma mandarin as well as orange. Symptoms were produced 3~7 days after artificial inoculation of sporangia and mycelia mixture on the fruits of orange and Satsuma mandarin, which were similar to those on the naturally infected fruits.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 1996.06c
• /
• pp.896-905
• /
• 1996

Pressure drop, as a function of air flow, was measured for tomatoes and mandarins in bulk with different sizes, stacking arrangements and bed porosities. Pressure drop was also measured on carton vent holes and on a carton of packed fruits . and the cumulative effects of air flow resistance of vent holes and packed fruits in bulk on the air flow resistance of a carton of fruits were evaluated . Equation were presented to describe pressure drop bulk fruits, of an empty carton and of a carton of packed fruits as related to the air velocity , the bed porosity, the fruit diameter and the opening ratio of the vent hole.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1998

Physicochemical properties of early cultivar of Satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc. var. miyagawa) according to harvesting year during 1990 to 1995 were investigated. Climatic conditions of every year affected the quality of citrus fruits. Compared to other harvesting years, flesh ratio and soluble solids were higher, but acid content was lower on citrus fruits produced in 1994, as for good climatic conditions during growth of fruits. Especially, acid content of fruits produced in 1993 was higher, compared to those of years, as for low mean temperature and high rainfalls. Fruit weight, peel thickness and soluble solids had a good linear correlation to fruits size, but acid content and flesh ratio had not correlation derived from difference of individual fruits. From the climatic data, the prediction of fruit quality would be possible in some degree before harvest. It seemed recommend to ably the flexibe method by harvesting year for the quality stanardization of citrus fruit.