• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to analyze Twitter users' emotional tendencies regarding oral surgery procedures before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Methods: Tweets posted in English before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the study. Popular tweets in 2019 were searched using the keywords "tooth removal", "tooth extraction", "dental pain", "wisdom tooth", "wisdom teeth", "oral surgery", "oral surgeon", and "OMFS". In 2020, another search was conducted by adding the words "COVID" and "corona" to the abovementioned keywords. Emotions underlying the tweets were analyzed using CrystalFeel - Multidimensional Emotion Analysis. In this analysis, we focused on four emotions: fear, anger, sadness, and joy. Results: A total of 1240 tweets, which were posted before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, were analyzed. There was a statistically significant difference between the emotions' distribution before and after the pandemic (p < 0.001). While the sense of joy decreased after the pandemic, anger and fear increased. There was a statistically significant difference between the emotional valence distributions before and after the pandemic (p < 0.001). While a negative emotion intensity was noted in 52.9% of the messages before the pandemic, it was observed in 74.3% of the messages after the pandemic. A positive emotional intensity was observed in 29.8% of the messages before the pandemic, but was seen in 10.7% of the messages after the pandemic. Conclusion: Infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, may lead to mental, emotional, and behavioral changes in people. Unpredictability, uncertainty, disease severity, misinformation, and social isolation may further increase dental anxiety and fear among people.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.631-641
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• 2023

This study conducted an empirical analysis through a survey to analyze the effect of social risk perception caused by COVID-19 on college students' cosmetics purchase behavior. Factors were extracted through factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation of each factor and the impact of variables. To this end, a statistical analysis was conducted using 320 copies of the questionnaire as a sample. Studies have shown that the higher the fear of COVID-19, the higher the fear of infection, changes in life, and awareness of the economic crisis, and the higher the tendency to buy ostentatiously, habitually, and reasonably. The more changes in life, the higher the awareness of the economic crisis, and the higher the trademark habitual purchase and rational purchase behavior. Fear of infection has been shown to affect trademark habitual purchases, and fear of infection and changes in life have been shown to have a significant impact on rational purchase behavior.

• Fourth Industrial Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.25-37
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• 2022

Purpose - The purposes of this research are: (1) Building and testing a research model that integrates Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) with fear, perceived risk, and health protocols; (2) Examining the impact of compliance with health protocols on consumer behavior when offline shopping. Research design, data, and methodology - The data collection uses the self-administered survey method, and the questionnaire is distributed online. A total of 504 Indonesian population aged 18 years old or more participate in this research. Data are analyzed using factor analysis, multiple regression, and multiple regression with interaction. Result - This study reveals several findings: (1) Attitude and subjective norm have a significant effect on offline shopping behavior; (2) fear has a direct and indirect effect on offline shopping behavior; (3) the effect of perceived risk on the intensity of offline shopping is determined by compliance with health protocols. Conclusion - This paper discusses the direct influence of attitudes and subjective norms on behavior. This research also integrates fear, perceived risk, and health protocol factors in TRA, which may not have been done much, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic context.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2023

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between psychosocial factors and the mask-wearing behavior after deregulation of COVID-19 quarantine guidelines among adults in Korea. Methods : We collected data (345 subjects) from online questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Korean version of fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Korean versions of the Perceived Stress Scale, and measurement tools adapted from previous studies for COVID-19 risk perception, social stigma, and appearance interest of subjects. We analysed data using SPSS version 23.0 for descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis. Results : People with cohabitant or mask-wearing tendency before COVID-19 pandemic had a higher rate of mask-wearing than those who were not. Subjects reporting higher level of social stigma (OR=1.154, 95% CI 1.049-1.270) and COVID-19 anxiety (OR=1.072, 95% CI 1.007-1.141) were more likely to report maskwearing behavior. Conclusion : From the results, appropriate intervention to those who fear social stigma and are anxious to the infectious diseases will be needed. Additionally, providing policies and guidelines that consider cohabitants and offering continuous education with information of disease to the public are also expected to helpful for recovery of daily life from infectious diseases.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2023

The fast development of vaccines against the novel coronavirus disease is among the most critical steps taken to control this potentially fatal viral disease. Like other vaccines, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines can also cause unwanted reactions. Erythema multiforme (EM) is among the oral mucocutaneous side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to comprehensively review the reported cases of EM since the global onset of COVID-19 vaccination. Data from 31 relevant studies regarding the type and dose of COVID-19 vaccines administered, time of initiation of symptoms, age, and gender of patients, site of involvement, patients' medical history, and treatment options were extracted. In total, 90 patients were identified with EM as a side effect of COVID-19 vaccination across studies. EM had the highest frequency after receiving the first dose of mRNA vaccines in older individuals. The first symptoms of EM appeared in less than 3 days in 45% and after 3 days in 55% of patients. EM is not a common side effect of COVID-19 vaccination, and fear of its occurrence should not impede vaccination.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.279-289
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• 2022

Purpose: This is a descriptive correlation study to confirm the effect of stress and anxiety caused by COVID-19 on the quality of life of small business owners in an area under environment of COVID-19. Methods: The participants were 150 small business owners in an area. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, a one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with the SPSS 25.0 Program. Results: The stress of small business owners averaged 3.67±0.65 out of 4 points, anxiety of COVID-19 was 2.65±0.52, and quality of life was 75.61±20.26 out of 130 points. The quality of life showed a significant negative correlation with 'fear of infection' (r=-.42, p<.001), 'difficulties caused by social distancing' (r=-.49, p<.001) in the stress subdomain, and anxiety (r=-.61, p<.001). On the other hand, stress, 'fear of infection' (r=.50, p<.001), 'difficulties caused by social distancing' (r=.60 p<.001), 'anger against others' (r=.35, p<.001) and anxiety showed positive correlation. Factors affecting the quality of life of the subjects were 'fear of infection' in the stress subdomain (β=-.23, p=.003), anxiety (β=-.45, p<.001), and residential area (J zone) (β=-.16, p=.030). These factors explained 47.0% of the variance. Conclusion: In order to enhance the quality of life of small business owners in an area, it is required to reduce stress and anxiety. In addition, it is necessary to prepare an intervention program that can reduce stress and anxiety of small business owners.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-116
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• 2022

During the Covid-19 pandemic's first term of April-June 2020, the general public throughout Indonesia became familiar with the slang term "local lockdown." This term emerged in response to disorderly implementation of the half-hearted government policy called Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). In villages around the country, people started to build portals to restrict "strangers" or "outsiders" from entering their village areas. These portals were also meant to publicly signal the villagers' fear of the spread of the virus. This paper will discuss two things: first, how fear was produced, using frameworks drawn from Giorgio Agamben's notable works State of Exception and Homo Sacer, and how governance reproduces it; and second, how people come to accept the state of emergency and then publicly express their acceptance of the situation. Critical discourse analysis is applied to read government policy and its reception. The research took place at Rempoah, Kedungmalang, and Pabuwaran villages in Banyumas, the southern regency of Central Java, Indonesia. The villagers' responses to the government's policy are visually represented through written warning signs.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2023

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely throughout the world, causing psychological problems such as fear, anxiety, and stress. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women have been concerned about both their own health and the health of their fetuses, and these concerns could negatively affect maternal-fetal attachment. Thus, this study aimed to explore the level of COVID-19 stress, resilience, and maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment. Methods: In total, 118 pregnant women past 20 weeks gestation were recruited from two maternity clinics in Daegu, Korea, to participate in this descriptive correlational study during COVID-19. The factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean scores for COVID-19 stress, resilience, and maternal-fetal attachment were 57.18±10.32 out of 84, 67.32±15.09 out of 100, and 77.23±9.00 out of 96, respectively. Nulliparous pregnant women reported greater maternal-fetal attachment than multiparous pregnant women (p=.003). Religious pregnant women also reported greater maternal-fetal attachment than non-religious pregnant women (p=.039). Resilience (β=.29, p=.002), COVID-19 stress (β=.20, p=.030) and parity (β=-.17, p=.047) were factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment, and these factors explained 26.4% of the variance in maternal-fetal attachment (F=10.12, p<.001). Conclusion: Converse to common sense, COVID-19 stress exerted a positive influence on maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare providers need to recognize the positive influence of COVID-19 stress and implement intervention strategies to strengthen resilience in pregnant women to improve maternal-fetal attachment.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.355-361
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• 2021

In the context of COVID-19, the economic downturn affects health as well as concerns about economic damage to individuals. In this study, among a total of 15,047 people who were economically active during the community health survey for those aged 19 and over, health behaviors related to the impact of changes in daily life due to the demographic and social and economic characteristics of COVID-19 were concerned about economic damage. was analyzed to determine whether it had an effect on Factors affecting the fear of economic damage were gender, education level, monthly income level, status, subjective health level, physical activity, and smoking, which had more influence on the fear of economic damage than other characteristics. In this study, males(p=0.024), high school graduates(p<0.001), monthly income level of 1,000,001 to 3,000,000won(p-=0.002), wage workers(p<0.001), subjects who responded that their subjective health level was 'similar'(p=0.009), subjects who responded 'similar' in physical activity(p<0.001), and smoked 'similar'(p=0.016) Those who answered high were more concerned about economic damage. Considering that COVID-19 is highly likely to be prolonged and social distancing cannot be ruled out, which affects health care due to economic damage, it is necessary to reflect it in health program development and economic-related fiscal policies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide basic data for college students living in the Seoul metropolitan area to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and explore countermeasures by identifying the degree of difference with anxiety, stress, and preventive health behavior before and after the COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: Data were collected from the subjects of the study, 192 college students aged 19 to 29 who completed the COVID-19 vaccination in the Seoul metropolitan area. The data were analyzed with the correlation, paired t-test, and independent t-test using the SPSS 27.0. Results: Preventive health behavior, health anxiety, and stress showed the positive correlation before and after the COVID-19 vaccination among the college students. After the COVID-19 vaccination, COVID-19 related stress including fear of infection (d=-0.11±0.09), and difficulty in social distancing (d=-0.21±0.08), and health behavior (d=-0.06±0.44) decreased compared to before the vaccination. Conclusion: Health education and health policies are required to continue preventive health behavior even after the vaccination.