• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2013

Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 is a microbial pesticide that is very effective against various diseases. Our study was undertaken to evaluate T. asperellum SKT-1 for induction of resistance against yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y) in Arabidopsis plants. Disease severity was rated at 2 weeks post inoculation (WPI). CMV titre in Arabidopsis leaves was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 2 WPI. Our results demonstrated that among all Arabidopsis plants treated with barley grain inoculum (BGI) of SKT-1 NahG and npr1 plants showed no significant reduction in disease severity and CMV titre as compared with control plants. In contrast, disease severity and CMV titre were significantly reduced in all Arabidopsis plants treated with culture filtrate (CF) of SKT-1 as compared with control plants. RT-PCR results showed increased expression levels of SA-inducible genes, but not JA/ET-inducible genes, in leaves of BGI treated plants. Moreover, expression levels of SA- and JA/ET-inducible genes were increased in leaves of CF treated plants. In conclusion, BGI treatment induced systemic resistance against CMV through SA signaling cascade in Arabidopsis plants. While, treatment with CF of SKT-1 mediated the expression of a majority of the various pathogen related genes, which led to the increased defense mechanism against CMV infection.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2016

Cotton leaf curl is devastating disease of cotton characterized by leaf curling, vein darkening and enations. The disease symptoms are induced by DNA satellite known as Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB), dominant betasatellite in cotton but another betasatellite known as Chili leaf curl betasatellite (ChLCB) is also found associated with the disease. Grafting experiment was performed to determine if host plant resistance is determinant of dominant population of betasatellite in cotton (several distinct strains of CLCuMuB are associated with the disease). Infected scion of Gossypium hirsutum collected from field (the source) was grafted on G. arboreum, a diploid cotton species, resistant to the disease. A healthy scion of G. hirsutum (sink) was grafted at the top of G. arboreum to determine the movement of virus/betasatellite to upper susceptible scion of G. hirsutum. Symptoms of disease appeared in the upper scion and presence of virus/betasatellite in the upper scion was confirmed via molecular techniques, showing that virus/betasatellite was able to move to upper scion through resistant G. arboreum. However, no symptoms appeared on G. arboreum. Betasatelites were cloned and sequenced from lower scion, upper scion and G. arboreum which show that the lower scion contained both CLCuMuB and ChLCB, however only ChLCB was found in G. arboreum. The upper scion contained CLCuMuB with a deletion of 78 nucleotides (nt) in the non-coding region between Arich sequence and ${\beta}C1$ gene and insertion of 27 nt in the middle of ${\beta}C1$ ORF. This study may help in investigating molecular basis of resistance in G. arboreum.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2013

In agro-ecosystems worldwide, some of the most important and devastating diseases are caused by soil-borne necrotrophic fungal pathogens, against which crop plants generally lack genetic resistance. However, plants have evolved approaches to protect themselves against pathogens by stimulating and supporting specific groups of beneficial microorganisms that have the ability to protect either by direct inhibition of the pathogen or by inducing resistance mechanisms in the plant. One of the best examples of protection of plant roots by antagonistic microbes occurs in soils that are suppressive to take-all disease of wheat. Take-all, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, is the most economically important root disease of wheat worldwide. Take-all decline (TAD) is the spontaneous decline in incidence and severity of disease after a severe outbreak of take-all during continuous wheat or barley monoculture. TAD occurs worldwide, and in the United States and The Netherlands it results from a build-up of populations of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG)-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. during wheat monoculture. The antibiotic 2,4-DAPG has a broad spectrum of activity and is especially active against the take-all pathogen. Based on genotype analysis by repetitive sequence-based-PCR analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism of phlD, a key 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis gene, at least 22 genotypes of 2,4-DAPG producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. have been described worldwide. In this review, we provide an overview of G. graminis var. tritici, the take-all disease, Pseudomonas biocontrol agents, and mechanism of disease suppression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3305-3308
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• 2013

Background: The role of inflammation in prostate diseases is suggested by the presence of inflammatory cells within the prostate in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) patients. In addition, bacterial and viral infection may lead to chronic and recurrent inflammation of the prostate. The human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a family of sexually transmitted viruses which have been implicated in the aetiology of cervical cancer and several other malignancies. This study evaluated the frequency of HPV infection in individuals with prostatic disease in Iran. Materials and Methods: The study included formalin fixed paraffin- embedded tissue samples of 196 primary prostate cases, including 29 PCa and 167 BPH samples. HPV DNA was purified and amplified through MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ primers with nested PCR. All patients were interviewed using a questionnaire to collect demographic information. Results: Nested PCR showed that HPV DNA was found in 17.2 percent of PCa samples and 4.8 percent of BPH samples (not significant). Conclusions: Our data do not support a significant role of HPV infection in prostatic disease in Iranian patients, but demographic data indicated a probable association between presence of HPV DNA and risk of inflammation in prostate tissue which might lead to prostate carcinoma. Further studies are required to elucidate any roles of HPV infection in prostatic disease.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.18-18
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• 2021

Gomchwi using stuffed leaves is many cultivated for 'Gondalbi(Ligularia stenocephala)' among Gomchwi species. 'Gondalbi' species like to be cultivation on farm because of low the incense and the bitter taste, and high yield. But 'Gondalbi' caused to curtail yield that susceptibility of powdery mildew disease and shriveling and death of plant on summer season. To solve this problems, we crossed a Gomchwi and 'Handeari-gomchwi' to have resistance of powdery mildew disease and high yield. A new Gomchwi cultivar 'Jinmani' was bred by crossing between Gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz.) and Handaeri-gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai). The selection and investigation of growth and yield characteristics were conducted from 2007 to 2020 in field and greenhouse of Highland Agriculture Research Institute, NICS, Rural Development Administration. The color of petiole ear was purple. trichome of petiole and leaf back non-existed, and luster of leaf back existed. Density of leaf vein was 4 degree among 1-5 degree in a newly developed cultivar 'Jinmani'. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length were 55.7, 21.8, 22.2, and 33.9 cm, respectively in the 2nd year of growth characteristics. Plant size was similar with that of 'Gommany'. Bolting and flowering time were Aug. 5 and Sept. 5, respectively, and Bolting and flowering time of 'Gommany' showed similar to Aug. 8 and Sept. 1, respectively. 'Jinmani' showed higher number of leaves (202 ea.) per plant compared to 'Gommany' (159 ea.). Furthermore, yield was 67.9% higher in 'Jinmani' (2,569 g/plant) than in 'Gommany' (1,530 g/plant). 'Jinmani' showed lower leaf thickness (0.66mm) than 'Gommany' (0.69 mm), and consequently showed more hardness in leaf characteristics (25.1 kg/²) compared to 'Gommany' (24.3kg/cm²). 'Jinmani' showed similar strong resistance compared to 'Gommany' in the susceptibility of powdery mildew disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1095-1100
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• 2008

The role of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Burkholderia gladioli IN26, on elicitation of induced systemic resistance was investigated. A purified EPS induced expression of PR-1a::GUS on tobacco and elicited induced resistance against Colletotrichum orbiculare on cucumber. The maximum level of disease protection was noted when seeds were soaked in 200 ppm of the EPS. Our results indicate that EPS from specific rhizobacteria can elicit induced resistance and suggest that bacterial EPS might be a useful elicitor of resistance under field conditions.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 1996

Erwinia carotovora subsp. Carotovora (Ecc), a pathogen of tobacco hollow stalk disease, was isolated for testing susceptibility to streptomycin from diseased plants in burley tobacco growing area. Of 157 isolates tested, 17 isolates (108%) were resistant to the antibiotic at the antibiotic from field soils, which streptomycin had been used continuously for three years for control of the disease was three times higher than those of non-used. There was no difference in virulence and generation time between streptomycin-sensitive and resistant strains.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1989년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.3-4
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• 1989

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2002년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.44-44
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• 2002

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 1999년도 정기총회 및 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.3-4
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• 1999