• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-51
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• 1980

In order to research into the devel of the concept of movement and speed in our own way and compare with the Piaget's method, and then find out the formative period of such development, we have put the 192 primary school children as the model and obtained the following results. 1. As their grade upyards, all the experimental subjects showed the gradual progress generally regardless of sex or regions, while only the relative speed showed irregular progress. 2. There was no experimental subject which showed any remarkable sexual characteristics. But in the relative movement, the lower grade boys and higher grade girls made progress. In the subjects of circulation movement, intuition of speed, relative speed and speed of simultaneous movement, the boys marked better progress, whilst the girls were advanced a little in the speed of continuous movement with, different distance and time. 3. There was no conspicuous difference between the urban and rural areas, except a slight tendency that the urban children made better progress in the change of progressing direction, native continuous procedure of periodical movement, travelling road, and the speed of continuous movement with different distance and time whereas the rural children were more advanced in the relative movement, relative speed and intuition of speed. But it should be 'taken into consideration that the rural regions in our case were relatively developed in comparison with the traditional rural communities, which may explain about little regional difference. 4. Comparing our research results with the Piaget's theory, we have reached below results. Our research reports that the formative period of the conception of the problems of diverse progressing direction and a native continuous procedure of periodical movement was simultaneous, at the Piagetian level(at the fourth grade) which coincides with Piagetian theory. The travelling road should be made up a little lower at 2A/2B according' to Piagetian Level, whereas it was formed at the 4th grade as shown in our previous research. Intuition of speed should belong to the prior stage to concrete operation, but our research shows it was formed late at the 4th grade. Composition of displacement was made at the 6th grade, and it was almost equal to the first stage of formal operation(3A). But in the subjects of relative movement relative speed, the speed of continuous movement with different distance and time, relation and preservation of invariable speed, and accelerated motion, even 6th grade children marked a poor record. Summed up, the procedure conception as a basic movement conception coincides with the Piagetion level. But as for speed intuition, relative speed and speed fixation, it was Jar behind Piagetian level. Therefore it is required that we have to concentrate on the systematic training in these parts on the spot.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.366-372
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• 2020

This article recounts the author's personal views and recollections of the history, conception of embryogenetic theories, application of intraoperative electrophysiology, and development of prospective treatment recommendations of several important spinal dysraphic malformations, including limited dorsal myeloschisis, dermal sinus tract, retained medullary cord, terminal myelocystocoele, and complex spinal cord lipomas.

• 아동학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.5-17
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• 1991

The purpose of the present study was to investigate developmental trends and relationships between justice and friendship. Four different interviews were administered individually to fifty 4-to 8-year old children. In the Justice domain, the interviews consisted of open-ended questions devised to investigate the children's understanding of justice and a hypothetical story dilemma based on Damon(1977). In the friendship domain, the interviews consisted of open-ended questions based on Bigelow(1975; 1977) and Damon(1977) and a hypothetical story dillema based on Selman(1981). The developmental stage of each concept was determined through content analysis of the responses each child. Statistical analysis of obtained data was by percentage and Goodman-Kruskal's ${\gamma}$. * The results showed that children's conceptions of justice and of friendship developed in an age-related manner during early and middle childhood. While there was a significant correlation between children's conceptions of justice and friendship, this result was due to age-relatedness. The results of the present study support a domain specific approach to social cognition.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to explore practices of the child rearing in the late period of the Goryo Dynasty. This study was using the historical method and the materials for analysis were the literatures written from the late thirteenth century to the fourteenth century in Goryo Dynasty, such as 'the Ikjaijip'(익재집), 'Mokeunjip'(목은집), 'Yangchonjip'(양촌집). According to the results, parents, grandparents, maternal grandmother, and an elder sister played important roles in child-rearing. And parenting roles were expected to give their children affections and consistent disciplines. In terms of sustenance for children, children were provided with boiled rice as principal food and seasonal fruit and rice cake as snacks. In housing habits, children, especially boys, shared the same room with their grandfather. And children were assured of physical safety and psychological protection through cultural practices, such as taboo, prayers, humble naming, first birthday celebration, and dreams of forthcoming conception. Finally, disciplining of children was focused on studies for Confucianism and shaping basic habits for cultivation of mind.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2001

This study was performed to explore the adolescents\` conception and practice of Hyo(filial piety). Fifteen teams of 500 adolescents were allowed to discuss about Hyo for two hours and the team leaders presented what they had discussed. The subjects were 330 elementary school students, 130 middle school students, and 40 high school students. The findings from the discussion and presentation were as follows: First, the adolescents\` conceptions of Hyo were different in the stages of schools. Elementary school students thought that they should do Hyo because they got lots of mercy from parents. Middle and high school students both thought that Hyo came from mutual(parent-children) understanding, but they showed somewhat different view about what disturbed the mutual understanding. Middle school students pointed the deficiency of parents'self-disclosure as a disturbing factor while high school students pointed the deficiency of adolescents'understanding of their parents. Second, the behavioral items that the subjects suggested as Hyo were analysed by the 12 Subvirtues of Adolescent's Hyo which was classified by Chung et al.(1996a). Adolescents could not propose any behavioral items for Thanks, Ancestor Worship, and Ecological Equilibrium, and some items for Advising Parents and Thrift. A lot of items were suggested for Moral Training, Supporting (Parents), Consorting (Parents), Respecting (Parents), Establishing Oneself, and Following Parents.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.85-101
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of group music therapy using the traditional drum on the; social adjustment, self-image, and emotional adjustment, of children with hearing impairment. I participated in this group music therapy using the traditional drum with 7 children with hearing impairment for 3 days a week for 6 weeks(including holidays), and each session was 50 minutes long. The evaluation form of this study is a social-emotional development measurement sheet of Meadow-Kendall, which the children's teacher distributed to the children both pre- and post-examination. With these results, the researcher carried out Window SPSS 19 Version and searched for the experiment's effect of measurement cause (I am not sure what this means.) through paired t-test to identify the experiment's effects (social adjustment, self-image, emotional adjustment) as a result of group music therapy using the traditional drum for children with hearing impairment. This study arrived at the following conclusions. First, after I participated in the group music therapy using the traditional drum, the result of the comparisons of the pre-to-post average for social adjustment showed the statistical significance level of the 0.01 standard. Therefore, it was found that the group music therapy using the traditional drum had a positive effect on the social adjustment of children with hearing Impairment. Second, after I participated in the group music therapy using the traditional drum, the result of the comparisons of the pre-to-post average for self-image development showed the statistical significance level of the 0.01 standard. Therefore, the group music therapy using the traditional drum had a positive effect on the self-image of children with hearing impairment. Third, after I participated in the group music therapy using the traditional drum, the result of the comparisons of the pre-to-post average for emotional adjustment showed the statistical significance level of the 0.01 standard. Therefore, the group music therapy using the traditional drum had a positive effect on the emotional adjustment of children with hearing impairment.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-36
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• 2006

이 연구의 주된 목적은 한국인의 자기 인식에 나타난 토착문화심리를 탐구하는데 있다. 이를 위해 크게 네 측면, 즉 개인으로서의 자기 인식(보통 때의 나, 독특한 개인으로서의 나, 혼자 있을 때의 나), 가족과 함께 있을 때 자기 인식(아버지, 어머니, 자녀, 배우자와 함께 있을 때의 나), 주위사람과 함께 있을 때 자기 인식(친한 친구, 선생님, 직장 상사, 부하 직원과 함께 있을 때의 나), 타인과 함께 있을 때의 자기 인식(낯선 사람, 외국인과 함께 있을 때의 나)을 분석하였다. 분석대상은 1,465명(초 중 고 대학생 623명, 성인 842명)이었으며, 연구자에 의해 제작된 자유반응형 질문지를 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 한국인의 자기 인식에 나타난 토착심리로서 두 가지 측면이 부각되었다. 첫째는 자기에 대한 인식에서 관계 내 역할의 중요성이었으며, 둘째는 관계 맥락 속에서 유동성있게 변하는 자기의 특징이었다. 이를 토대로 개별적 자기와 관계적 자기의 차원 및 자기의 일관성과 유동성 차원에 대해 논의하였다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2003

Introduction : Pneumonia is an inflammation of alveolus and pneumal parenchyma and it is one of common pediatric diseases. According to, pneumonia belongs to the Haesu(咳嗽), Chunsik(喘息), Phechng(肺脹), Pungon(風溫). Purpose : The purpose of this study is to find out whether Socheongryongtanggamibang has any effects on children with pneumonia. Method : The subjects are in regard to children with pneumonia who visited Dae Jeon Oriental Medicine Hospital from December 2002 to April 2003. The herbal medicine therapy are applied for one week. Result and Conclusion : After treatment, the symptoms (coughing, rhinorrhea, sputum, fever) of pneumonia were improved. More studies about the Oriental Medicine treatment and conception on pneumonia are needed.

• 아동학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.35-58
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was to investigate the components in friendship as reported by Korean children of School age Specially, four major aspects of friendship - definition of friendship, friendship formation, friendship expectation, and friendship termination were explored. The subjects of this study consisted of 600 elementary school children in Grades 1 through 6, 50 males and 50 females at each grade level. Based on Bigelow (1977) five open - ended questions were administered. First and second graders were interviewed individually while 3rd-6th graders replied to a questionnaire in class. For content analysis, responses of each child were coded into 22 categories and each category was assigned a score from 1 to 4 according to its frequency. The data were analyzed by factor analysis. The results showed that four major aspects of friendship in Korean children of school age were found to consist of four different factors. DEFINITION OF FRIENDSHIP was found to consist of the factors; 1) reciprocity of liking vs. helping 2) global evaluation vs helping 3) sharing and 4) common activities. FRIENDSHIP FORMATION was found to consist of the factors; 1) situational effects vs complex evaluation 2) structural dimension vs common activities 3) helping and 4) staring. FRIENDSHIP EXPECTATION was found to consist of the factors; 1) mutuality 2) common activities vs. loyalty & commitment 3) exclusive - dyadic activities vs. admiration (character) and 4) interactive a1truism. FRIENDSHIP TERMINATION was found to consist of the factors; 1) physical separation vs disappointment (character) 2) conflict 3) physical separation vs. psychological dimension and 4) general altruism.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.272-284
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• 1994

The aim of this research was to compare and analyze the children's ideas on evaporation and condensation between pre- and post-intervention. Forty-eight children from six elementary schools in Seoul and Kyung Ki provinces were sampled by stratified random sampling. A set of structured activities was then provided which allow children to explore evaporation and condensation phenomena. All of these activities had a preliminary phase which required the child to predict or speculate on evaporation and condensation using their existing knowledge. These structured activities on evaporation and condensation were reviewed by three professors and eigth primary school teachers. Their comments were used to revise the original contents of the structured activities. The data analysed were gathered by the questionaire and the interview. Pre- and post-intervention data related to evaporation and condensation were collected by the same teacher, and analysed into the same category scheme. Data coding was carried out several times by the researcher to ensure reliablity. Data collected were then classified and analyzed according to the types of children's ideas. The findings of this study were as follows: Results of this study showed that the the vocabulary used to describe the evaporation phenomena varied according to the context, and the scientific term "evaporated" was more frequently used by the older children after post-intervention. But everyday terms such as"dried up","disappered", "gone up" were also used by children as much as the level of pre-intervention. Scientific conception on the location of evaporated water, the factor of evaporation, the ideas about getting the water back and assumption about the physical state of the missing water has been increased for the most of the children after intervention. It was found that the intervention using was effective SPACE strategies regardless of the grade level of the children.