• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 1985

A survey of 113 children, aged 4 to 6 years, of the San Cheon a day care center, located in the upland, over populated, poor area of Seoul City, was conducted from July 28 to September 6, 1982, to investigate the dietary and nutritional status, and prevalence of parasitic inpection. House size was 10.1 Pyung; number of households per house, 3.1; number of family member per household, 4.8; and number of family members living together per room, 3.7; on the average. Only 49% of households possess own houses and the others live in the rented houses. About 40% of mothers were engaged income-producing activities within or outside of the home. Mean values of height, weight, arm circumference, girth of chest, and girth of head ranged from 98.4 to 102.2% of KIST mean. However, 13% of the subjects were assessed as undernutrition for 'weight for height'. Mean value of hemoglobin was $12.9{\pm}2.9\;g/dl$ and mean hematocrit value was $35.2{\pm}5.5%$; 17.9% of the subjects were proven to be anemic according to the criteria of the WHO. The positive prevalence of parasitic inpection was 3.3%, significantly lower than that observed in any other area, probably because of community parasitic control project. Intakes of energy and nutrients except thiamin and ascorbic acid were far below RDAs. Carbohydrates for energy provided 71. 2 to 73.8% of total energy intake; protein accounted 11.3 to 12.2%; fat provided 14.5 to 16.6%. Energy intake was divided among breakfast, lunch, evening meal and snack, on the average, in a percentage of 22.0; 23.4; 24.4; 30.2. There was significant correlation between pattern of food consumption and nutrient intakes. The nutrient intakes and quality of foods were highly correlated to the maternal factors, especially mother's educational level. The study suggested that development of nutrition guides for mother and children would be needed to improve nutritional status of those young children.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2008

This study was conducted to provide basic data required for the development of dental hygiene project for babies by investigating the relationship between mothers' dental hygiene activities and their socio-economic characteristics and the dental hygiene activities of babies. The survey was carried out with questionnaire to 306 babies of ages from 4 to 7 years and their mothers, from January 5 to January 25, 2007, in 4 kindergartens in Masan, Korea. The collected data was processed with SPSS v.12.0 for frequency analysis and ${\chi}^2$-test per item, to obtain following conclusions. 1. The frequency of toothbrushing of children is two times, accounted for 52.3%, they brush the teeth by them, and accounted for 52.3%, Fluorine toothpaste 68.3%. 2. The frequency of meal of children is 3 times, accounted for 93.5%, they ingestcariogenic snack 1 time, accounted for 45.4%, and they ingest protective and detergent snackfrom dental caries 2 times, accounted for accounted for 45.1%. 3. The shorter the period of mothers' duration of visit to dentists, the more experiences of fluorine coating and help from parent in toothbrushing had the children (pE.01, pE.05). 4. Children of housewife mothers received help from parent in toothbrushing and take teeth care and clean snack more than those of working mothers (pE.05, pE.01). 5. The children of working mothers had fluorine coating more than those of housewife mothers (pE.05). The fluorine coating, toothbrusing, protection and eating green food of babies show significant differences according to the frequency of mothers' visit to dentists and occupation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.43-58
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• 1977

Kojedo is the second largest island in Korea and a total population of 115,500 is living on the island of 394.69 sq. km. Under the direction of three nutrition professors, nutrition surveys in two villages in Kojedo, namely Siljun Ri in Hachung Myon and Soowol Ri in Shinhyun Myon, were carried by 30 college senior students majoring in nutrition from August to 20 August 1977. From a total of 176 households of the two villages, 67 households were randomly selected and 390 family members of the households were subjcets of the nutrition surveys. The precise weighing method was used in evaluating the kinds of foods and nutrient intakes of the subjects for three consecutive days. Thirty-seven pre-school children aged between 3 to 6 years and 27 fertile women were examined for biochemical findings and physical status. The main purposes of the surveys are to provide baseline data on nutrition in Kojedo Island for the Kojedo Community Development Project and to compare the nutritional status of the villages of Siljun Ri and Soowol Ri. Siljun Ri is located in the pilot project area of the Koiedo Community Health Project sponsored since December 1970 by the Christian Medical Commission of the World Council of Churches. While Soowol Ri is a control village for comparison. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Food Intake The average food intake per person per day in Siljun Ri, 1064 grams (91.7% in vegetable foods and 7.6% in animal foods) was 90 grams more than that of Soowol Ri, 974 grams (92.8% in vegetable foods and 5.9% in animal foods). However, the food intake per pre-school child in Siljun Ri, 485 grams (92.6% from vegetable foods and 6.4% from animal foods) was 21 grams lower than that of the Soowol Ri, 506 grams (88.5% from vegetable foods and 6.5% from animal foods). The average intake of beans was 16 grams(1.5% out of the total food intake) in Siljun Ri and 21 grams(2.2% of the total food intake)in Soowol Ri. The villagers should be guided for more consumption of soybeans to improve the quality of protein intake from vegetable foods. Nutrient Intake The adult intake in Siljun Ri and Soowol Ri were 2,529 kcal and 2,511 kcal respectively. The average energy intake of pre-school childen in Siljun Ri was 948 kcal and that for adult and 1,500 kcal for childen aged between 4 to 6 years-given by the Korea FAO Association, the diets in both villages were not adequate. Average daily protein intake of the subjected adult in Siljun Ri was 78.4 grams and that of Soowol Ri was 76.2 grams, while pre-school children took 30.7 grams in the former village and 31.7 grams in the latter village per child per day. The protein intake in both villages were lower than the recommended allowances, 80 grams for adult and 45 grams for $4{\sim}6$ years childen, and animal protein intake of the all subjects was very much lower than the RDA. The main charecter of the diet has been found low in quality of protein and high in carbohydrate. The calcium intakes of the pre-school children in both villages, 251.9 milligrams in Siljun Ri and 218.8 milligrams in Soowol Ri, were very much lower than the recommended allowance of 500 milligrams per day. It is apparent that the diet for children should be supplemented with calcium. Among the vitamin group, the daily average intakes of vitamin A and $B_{2}$(thiamine), $B_{2}$(riboflavin), C(ascorbic acid), and niacin were not adequate for the children in both villages. Especially the intake of riboflavin, 0.4 milligrams in both village children, was much lower than the RDA, 0.9 milligrams per day. Physical Characteristics Average height, weight, chest and head circumference of the pre-school children in both villages were similar to those of the Korean standard given by the Korean Paediatrics Association except that the average height of pre-school boys in Siljun Ri was 8 cm higher than the Korean standard of 105 cm. The mean values of upper arm circumference and skinfold thickness of pre-school boys in both villages were the same, 15.4 cm for upper arm circumference and 6.8 mm for skinfold thickness, but the mean values of those of the girls in Siljun Ri were higher than those of pre-school grils in Soowol Ri. Biochemical Findings Avera ge hemogobin value of boys and girls in both villages was the same, 11.1 grams per 100 ml of blood. The incidence of anemia (Hb value below 11g/100ml) was similar in both viltagesr 36.4% for boys and 50% for girls in Siljun Ri and 37.5% for boys and 50% for girls in Soowol Ri. Average hemoglobin values of fertile women were 10.7g% in Siljun Ri and 10.8% in Soowor Ri. The incidences of anemia(Hb valre brlow 12g/100ml) were 100% in Siljun Ri and 86.7% in Soowol Ri. The anemia of these subjects may be caused mainty low intake of good quality protein and iron intake from vegetable food. Recommendation In general, the nutritional status of a community health pilot village is not higher than that of control village due to the lack of nutrition improvement guldance services. Nutrition education should be delivered to the villagers as a main part of the health education artivities. The emphasis should be on building better health through bttter food habits and better food production as well as on preventing malnutrition and diseasrs. It can be an invaluable part of community developnent. Since nutrition is considered to be at least one-half of MCH care, no village or home visits should be made without careful provision for teaching and demoastrating something simple and practical on nutrition. The nurse, midwife, and village health worker should be the chief promoters of nutrition.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2006

We evaluated the efficacy of health education in reducing indoor arthropod allergens in Seoul. The mite control measures comprised the use of mite-proof mattress and pillow coverings, regular washing of potentially infested materials, maintenance of a low humidity, removal of carpets, and frequent vacuum cleaning. Cockroach control measures included trapping, application of insecticides, and protecting food. Of 201 homes enrolled in October 1999, 63 volunteers were included in a 2-year follow-up survey between April 2000 and January 2002. Before intervention, the density of mites/g of dust varied greatly; 27.1/g in children's bedding, 20/g in adult bedding, 7.2/g on the floors of children's bedrooms, 6.8/g in sofas, 5.9/g on the floors of adult's bedrooms, 3.9/g on living room floors, 3.7/g in carpets, and 1.9 mites/g on kitchen floors. The predominant mite species and house percentages infested were; Dermatophagoides farinae $93\%$, D. pteronyssinus $9\%$, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae $8\%$. Comparing 1999 and 2001 infestations, before and after 25 mo of education, mite abundance was reduced by $98\%$, from 23.7 to 0.57 mites/g of dust. In 1999, cockroaches were detected in $62\%$ homes: $36\%$ Blattella germanica and $35\%$ Periplaneta spp., including $9\%$ double infestations of B. germanica and P. americana. Following intervention, cockroach infestation rates decreased to $22\%$ of houses in 2000 and $23\%$ in 2001. We conclude that continuous and repetitive health education resulted in the effective control of domestic arthropods.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.44-60
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• 1981

In Korea, the position of health among the sectors of everyday life lies behind the others. The inhabitants don't consider health so important and immediate as food and shelter. Primarily, it seemed more important for them to eat something and to educate their children than to secure health. Under this situations we must take into consideration their health status and health problems in terms of the social system. Health cannot be maintaned by itself. It inter acts with a set of social conditions such as income, knowledge about health, health institution, health insurance, social class, culture and etc. But the community health projects which have carried out in Korea since the beginning of 1970s focused mainly on the medical care and medical delivery itself regardless the background of health care. According to the existing results of socio-epidemiological and medico-sociological researches, a set of social conditions has a great effect on the inhabitants' health status and health care. So, such conditions will be considered primarily in Korea University Health Project. This paper is prepared as a preliminary step for such a program. In this paper we mainly inquired into the relationship between health and the attitudes of inhabitants.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 수산물 시료 중 Salmonella spp. 검출을 위해 단시간의 전배양(2시간 이내)과 탈염과정을 포함한 DNA 추출법을 사용하여 분자생물학적 검출을 위한 수산물 전처리 방법에 대해 연구하였다. 배양 시간에 따른 증균 효율을 탐색하기 위해 10⁰, 10¹ 및 10² CFU/mL농도의 Salmonella spp. 5종을 NB 0.5에 접종하여 증균 전, 1시간 및 2시간 동안의 증균 효율을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 2시간 동안 모든 농도에서 약 1 log CFU/mL가 증균되어 초기 농도와 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 또한 지역별 패류시료에 S. Typhimurium을 인위적으로 감염시킨 뒤 DNA를 추출하여 염농도를 측정한 결과, 모든 시료의 염농도가 0%로 DNA 추출과 동시에 탈염이 이루어진 것을 확인하였다. 이후 추출한 DNA를 사용하여 PCR을 수행한 결과 모든 시료에서 S. Typhimurium의 특이적 양성밴드가 확인되었다. 다음으로 수산물 시료 중 Salmonella spp. 검출을 위한 증균 과정과 탈염을 포함한 DNA 추출방법의 검증을 위해 멸균 홍합시료 및 비멸균 홍합시료에 Salmonella spp. 5종을 인공적으로 약 10⁰, 10¹, 10² CFU/g의 농도로 오염시켜 전배양과 DNA를 추출하여 PCR로 특이적 증폭 밴드의 여부를 확인한 결과, 모든 농도의 Salmonella spp. 5종에서 특이적 밴드가 확인되었다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 제시한 전배양 및 DNA 추출방법을 포함한 전처리 방법과 PCR을 사용하여 수산물 시료에서 10 CFU/g 미만의 Salmonella spp.를 검출하였으며, 시간과 비용면에서 효율적이며 과정이 복잡하기 않기 때문에 수산물의 처리 현장에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.282-290
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• 2020

Background: Ginseng is a commonly used herbal medicine in treating various medical conditions. Chronic gut inflammation is a recognized factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this project, Asian ginseng berry polysaccharide preparations were used to assess their effects on CRC and related immune regulation mechanisms. Methods: Ginseng berry polysaccharide extract (GBPE) and purified ginseng berry polysaccharide portion (GBPP) were used to evaluate their activities on human HCT-116 and HT-29 CRC cell proliferation. Interleukin-8 secretion analysis was performed on HT-29 cells. Naive CD4 cell isolation and T-helper cell differentiation were performed and determined using flow cytometry for Th1 and Treg in addition to cell cycle and apoptotic investigation. Results: GBPE and GBPP significantly inhibited interleukin-8 secretion and cancer cell proliferation, inhibited CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ cell (Th1) differentiation, and decreased CD4⁺FoxP3⁺ cell (Treg) differentiation. Compared to the GBPE, GBPP showed more potent antiinflammatory activities on the malignant cells. This is consistent with the observation that GBPP can also inhibit Th1-cell differentiation better, suggesting that it has an important role in antiinflammation, whereas Treg cells hinder the body's immune response against malignancies. Supported by cell cycle and apoptosis data, GBPE and GBPP, at various degrees, remarkably enhanced the anticancer activities of 5-fluorouracil. Conclusion: Data from this project suggested that Asian ginseng berry potentially has clinical utility in managing enteric inflammation and suppressing CRC through immunomodulation mechanisms.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.435-443
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• 2020

이 연구는 블루투스 염도계 사용이 어린이집에서 제공하는 국의 적정 염도 수준을 조절하는 데 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 확인하고자, 2019년 1월부터 12월까지 안양시 어린이급식관리지원센터에 등록된 어린이집 중 나트륨 저감화 특화사업에 참여를 희망하는 어린이집(블루투스 염도계 사용 군, BG)과 참여하지 않은 어린이집(블루투스 염도계 미사용군, NG)을 대상으로 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 블루투스 염도계 사용 여부에 따라 국의 염도와 나트륨양을 비교하였을 때, BG의 값이 NG보다 유의하게 낮았으며, 블루투스 염도계의 사용 횟수가 증가함에 따라 염도와 나트륨양이 감소하였다. 결론적으로, 블루투스 염도계는 어린이집에서의 나트륨 저감화 교육과 관련하여 조리원들의 자발적인 염도 조절을 유도하는 수단으로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2017

Increasing concern is being given to the association between risk of cancer and exposure to low-dose bisphenol A (BPA), especially in young-aged population. In this study, we investigated the effects of repeated oral treatment of low to high dose BPA in juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats. Exposing juvenile rats to BPA (0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 250 mg/kg oral gavage) from post-natal day 9 for 90 days resulted in higher food intakes and increased body weights in biphasic dose-effect relationship. Male mammary glands were atrophied at high dose, which coincided with sexual pre-maturation of females. Notably, proliferative changes with altered cell foci and focal inflammation were observed around bile ducts in the liver of all BPA-dosed groups in males, which achieved statistical significance from 0.5 mg/kg (ANOVA, Dunnett's test, p<0.05). Toxicokinetic analysis revealed that systemic exposure to BPA was greater at early age (e.g., 210-fold in $C_{max}$, and 26-fold in AUC at 50 mg/kg in male on day 1 over day 90) and in females (e.g., 4-fold in $C_{max}$ and 1.6-fold in AUC at 50 mg/kg vs. male on day 1), which might have stemmed from either age- or gender-dependent differences in metabolic capacity. These results may serve as evidence for the association between risk of cancer and exposure to low-dose BPA, especially in young children, as well as for varying toxicity of xenobiotics in different age and gender groups.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2008

부모협동보육시설의 보육 특성에 맞는 영유아 구강보건사업을 개발 하는데 필요한 기초자료를 확보할 목적으로 전국의 부모협동보육시설 보육교사 204명을 대상으로 한 설문조사에서 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 일상적으로 제공하는 간식과 음료는 과일 78.9%, 채소 44.1%, 과실차 61.8%로 비우식성 식음료의 비중이 높았다. 2. 보육교사들의 3년 이내 구강보건교육 이수비율은 51.5%였으며, 내용은 음식과 영양관련교육 30.0%, 칫솔질 관련 교육 29.4%이었다. 3. 구강건강관련행위 실천여부는 아이들의 음식관련 활동과 교육에 참여 87.9%, 조리담당자 영양교육 78.2%, 생일축하 시 단 음식을 피함 74.0%, 매년 구강검진 실시 33.5%, 아이들의 불소함유치약사용 33.1%이었다. 4. 부모의 구강건강 정책개발 개입에 대한 보육교사의 견해는 매우 동의 35.1%, 동의 53.8%이었다. 5. 부모협동보육시설 내 구강보건주제에 대한 문서화된 지침의 존재여부는 건강정책형성과정에 부모참여 47.8%, 부모에게 치과의료서비스 조언 47.2%, 치아손상 시 대처방법 지도 44.9%, 1년 주기의 치과건강검진 41.7%, 불소치약으로 칫솔질 지도 32.1%이었다. 이상에서 부모협동보육시설은 간식 등의 제공에 있어서 비우식성 식품과 음료를 주로 제공하고 있는 등 영양학적 측면에서 좋은 구강건강환경을 가지고 있으며 부모의 참여에 대한 동의가 높았다. 보육교사를 대상으로 한 구강보건교육은 영양과 칫솔질위주로 이루어지고 있었으며 문서화된 지침은 부족하였다. 따라서 부모협동보육시설을 대상으로 하는 효과적인 구강보건정책개발을 위해서는 보육교사들을 대상으로 다양한 구강보건교육을 개발하고 교육내용을 실현할 수 있는 방안을 강구하며, 문서화된 지침을 갖도록 하는 것이 필요하다.