• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2013년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.204-205
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• 2013

인간의 모든 행위가 그러하듯 VTS 관제 역시 관제사의 마음에서 시작된다. 관제의 시작이 되는 심리적 동기(마음)는 집단무의식, 공포, 책임감, 인간애로 대별되며 이들은 관제사를 각성시키고 관제 전반을 지배한다. 그 중 상위요소(책임감, 인간애)는 기반요소에 비해 보다 긍정적으로 관제 행위에 적용되므로 VTS 운영 목적인 해상교통안전 달성을 위한 효과적인 수단이 될 수 있다. 관제사가 이러한 덕성을 함양할 수 있도록 교육 과정의 개선이 필요하다.

• 심성연구
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• 제27권1_2호
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• pp.28-70
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• 2012

본 논문은 창조신화들 중 특히 '알'이 출현하는 창조신화를 중심으로 그 상징성을 살피고, 이를 무의식적인 내용물에서 출현하는 '알'의 모티브와 비교하여 무의식적인 영역에 속하는 창조신화의 상징성을 의식적인 영역에서 이해하려는 것이 그 취지이다. 먼저 창조신화가 원형적인 투사현상으로서 무의식에서 자아가 탄생하는 것과 관련되며 인간의 의식적인 깨달음의 기원에 관한 것이라는 점을 부각하고, 개인사나 인류사에서 새로운 질서를 필요로 할 때 무의식에 의하여 저절로 만들어지는 현상으로서, 자아의 자세에 따라서 새로운 의식의 도약이나 재건의 조짐이 될 수도 있고 무의식이 자아의식으로 침범하게 될 수도 있음을 논한다. 관련문헌으로서 창조신화에서 출현하는 '우주 알'을 우주창생의 원 질료이자 자기의 상징으로 보는 융, 폰 프란츠, 노이만, 하딩, 에딘져의 연구를 소개한다. 창조신화의 분석심리학적인 의미에서 '태초의 혼돈(messa confusa)'은 고태적 동일시(무의식), 유아기의 경험, 혹은 하나 속에 모든 것이 들어있는 우로보로스적인 경험으로서 분리를 해야 하는 과제를 가지고 있다고 보았다. 그러나 장자의 우화에 등장하는 상제(上帝)로서의 혼돈이나, 연금술에서 검은 색의 단계인 니그레도(nigredo)가 가지는 의미에서 볼 때 너무 성급하게 분리해야 하는 것이 아니며 이러한 사실이 임상에서 시사하는 바를 논한다. '천지개벽(분리)'는 객체로부터 주체를 구별할 수 있게 되어 자아가 출현하는 것과 관련이 있고, 의식의 진보가 있을 때 나타난다고 보면서 연금술의 분리과정(separatio)과 연관하였다. '빛'은 의식성의 획득으로 보았고, 자아의 자세에 따라 다른 경험이 될 수도 있음을 논하면서 창조신화의 전 과정이 의식성을 획득해 가는 과정과 동일하다는 것을 에스키모 창조신화를 통하여 소개한다. '알'이 출현하는 창조신화의 분석심리학적 의미에서 먼저 '알'에 대한 확충과, '알'이 출현하는 창조신화들, 그리고 시조 신들의 모체로서의 '알'을 소개하고 '알'이 자기의 상징과 다르지 않음을 논한다. '알'의 상징성을 알의 출현-품기-분리로 보고 '알 출현'의 심리학적인 의미를 창조론적인 싹인 시바점(Shiva bindu), 히라니야가르바(Hyranyagarba), 황금알(태)의 의미와 자궁 또는 '알'의 의미를 가지고 있는 불교의 여래장(如來藏)과 진여(眞如)와 연관하였고, '세계 알'이자 연금술의 용기로서의 메르쿠리우스이자 세계의 창조혼(Geist)의 의미를 가진다고 보았다. '알 품음'의 심리학적 의미는 스스로에게 리비도를 집중하는 타파스(tapas)로서, 발렌티우스(Valentinus) 문헌의 오토파터(autopater)와 그의 내면의 여성성인 엔노이아(ennoia)를 품음으로서 세상을 만드는 것과, 새가 알을 품고 있는 형상인 주역(周易)의 61괘 중부(中孚)가 가지는 의미인 내적인 진실과, 원효의 지관(止觀)사상, 그리고 '밤의 항해'가 가지는 상징적인 의미와 연관하였고, 연금술적으로 메디타치오(meditatio)의 의미를 가지며, 알의 출현과 품음에 고뇌와 고통이 동반됨에 대해서 논한다. '알 분리'의 심리학적 의미는 미망의 껍질을 벗고 시공을 초월하는 태양적, 의식성의 획득으로서 알에서 출현한 초 개인적인 새의 의미를 새로운 인격의 출현으로 보았고, 연금술적으로 분리과정(separatio)와 상승과정(sublimatio)과 연관하였다. '알'과 관련된 임상 자료들을 통하여 '알의 상징성'(알 출현, 품음, 분리)이 피분석자들의 무의식의 자료에서도 같은 맥락으로 나타난다는 점을 부각하면서 알의 상징성에서 보여주는 전 과정이 내(자아, 주체, 분화됨)가 나 아닌 것(무의식, 객체, 미분화됨)으로부터 분리되는 것과 관련되며 인간정신의 전체성을 지향하는 자기실현과정과 다르지 않음을 논하는 것으로 마감한다.

• 복식
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.97-111
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• 2000

The purpose of this study were to segment the hair care cosmetics market according to the benefits sought, to categorize the information sources on the hair care cosmetics, and to characterize the profiles of the segmentized groups of university students. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 457 university students in Chonbuk province from Jul. 10 to Jul. 21, 1999. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, and factor analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, and $\chi$$^2$-test were used. The results were: 1. University student's benefit variables on hair care cosmetics were classified into special function, fashion, practicality, brand, fragrance, styling, nutritional reinforcement, and economy. And they were segmentized into the feeling pursuit, the multi-benefit pursuit, the practicality pursuit, the benefit unconscious, and the function pursuit. The information sources were classified into marketer-dominated sources, neutral sources and consumer -dominated sources. 2. The feeling pursuit strongly sought for fashion, brand and fragrance pursuit, but considered economy less, chiefly used the marketer-dominated and neutral information sources, and showed much interests in hair care cosmetics, and were consisted of women dominantly. The multi-benefits pursuit sought for various kinds of benefits from hair care cosmetics, depended heavily on various kinds of information sources, were well aware of their hair types and instructions on the hair care cosmetics label, and were consisted of women dominantly. The practicality pursuit highly sought for practicality, but low on the fashion, were not aware of their hair style, haler care, hair health status and hair type, and almost half of them are men. The benefit unconscious showed low concern about, all kinds of benefits and hair care cosmetics, and were consisted of more men than women. The function pursuit highly sought for special function and nutritional reinforcement, mainly depended on the consumer-dominated sources. and showed low concern about their hair style and hair care.

• 복식
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to segment the elderly women's apparel market according to their benefits sought and to develop the profiles of each segment. Questionnaire survey was done to 500 elderly women aged over 55 in Chonbuk province from Mar. 1. to Mar. 15, 2000, and 360 questionnaires were used. Frequencies, percentages, means, factor analysis, cluster analysis, $\chi$$^2$-test, and ANOVA were done with SPSS Win+. Duncan's Multiple Range test was followed. The factors of clothing benefits ere consisted of fashion, brand loyalty, economy, practicality, activity, and utility. The elderly women segmented into 4 groups of the reasonability pursuit, th economy & practicality, the benefit unconscious, and the fashion & brand pursuit. The fashion information sources were divided into mass communication-dominated source and point-of-purchase & consumer-dominated source. The factors of store patronage criteria were divided into product assortment, convenience, and additive service. The economy and practicality pursuit selected their clothing with the help of others, used any kind of information sources less, considered convience of the store more, shopped at traditional market, group size was the biggest, was the oldest, and educated less. The reasonability pursuit selected their clothing by themselves, used all kind of information sources, considered many facets of stores, shopped at department store, was younger, healthier, educated more, and lived with husband more. The benefit unconscious spent less money to their clothing, lower usage of information sources, selected their clothing with the help of others, considered all facets of stores less, shopped at moderate or volume zone apparel market or traditional market, was older, healthy, and involved the widowed more. The fashion and brand pursuit spent more money to clothing, considered the product assortment or additive service of store more, shopped at department store, and selected their clothing by themselves, group size was the smallest, was younger educated more, healthy, and showed a tendency of living with husband.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.874-885
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• 2013

This study analyzes the visage in fashion illustration based on the deconstructed visage of Francis Bacon's paintings as well as analyzes fashion illustration works since 2000. The deconstructed visages in Francis Bacon's paintings are classified as blurring, elimination, distortion and division. The expressive methods and meanings in fashion illustration (according to categorization) are as follow. Blurring shows an ambiguous visage organ by the sweeping of the brush, removal of a boundary among the visage, body and clothes, gradation of organic line like visage shapes, stretching of the a plat combined to visage and fragmentation of visage. It represents an uncertainty of the fashion theme and image interpretation, impossibility of figure by ambiguity, fantastic effect and the induction of the uncanny. Elimination shows the background color's painting of a photo-montage, overlap of a cutting of visage's part and background of a plat, elimination of the visage and the elimination of eyes, nose or lips. It represents a weakened identity, the reinforcement of anonymity, creation of a violent image, and uncanny unfamiliarity. Distortion shows a distorted visage by free drawing, and unconscious drawing line, fluid digital body, combination of an unconscious curve, and an eccentric combination of the accidental. It represents the relief of specialty about realistic existence, hypothetical immateriality and fantasy. Division shows overlapped visages with different angles, the weird combination of a plural visage and different species and a plural breakaway of direction, and the position of several organs. It represents motion by power's trace, non-territory of species, ambiguity and uncertainty and the uncanny.

• 의료법학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.263-305
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• 2009

Is it lawful to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment applied to a patient in a terminal condition or permanent unconscious condition? In Korea, there are no such laws or regulations which control affairs related to the withholding or withdrawal life-support treatment and active euthanasia as the Natural Death Act or the Death with Dignity Act in the U. S. A. And in addition there has had no precedent of Supreme Court. Recently Supreme Court has pronounced a historical judgment on a terminal care case. The court allowed the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from a patient in a permanent unconscious state. Fundamentally the court judged that the continuation of that medical treatment would infringe dignity and value of a patient as a human being. And the court required some legal grounds to consider such withdrawal or withholding of medical care lawful. The legal grounds are as follow. First, the patient is in a incurable and irreversible condition and already entered a stage of death. Second, the patient executed a directive, in advance, directing the withholding or withdrawal of life-support treatment in a incurable and irreversible condition or in a terminal condition. Otherwise, at least, the patient's will would be presumed through his/her character, view of value, philosophy, religious faith and career etc. I regard if a patient is in a incurable and irreversible condition or in a terminal condition, the medical contract between a patient and a doctor would be terminated because of the actual impossibility of achievement of it's purpose. So I think the discontinuation of life-sustaining care would be legally allowed without depending on the patient's own will.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2015

This study is on historiography of Modern Architecture since its beginning to present. As a critical review of the history of the writing history of Modern Architecture, this study tends to be a meta-history and criticism of historical text. This study try to analyse historiographical project of Modern architecture at specific phase since the beginning of modern architecture. The historiography of Modern architecture shows that writing a history is making a discourse of Modern architecture as a imaginative representation to define and justify Modernism in architecture. The analysis of canonic text since early 20th century proves that the history of writing history of Modern architecture played a critical role not only to shape of our ideal but the practice of architecture with a ideology construction in retrospect. With a name of truth or morality they made myths about the modernity in architecture. So we can find deep 'Hagelean Unconscious' in writing history of Modern architecture not even the first generation of historians but the second generation who were influenced by earlier writer in spite of their intention of revision and overcoming, which is in itself the key concept of Hegel's philosophy of History. Under this kind of 'operative' discourse our view point of Modern architecture were confined and the historiography of Modern architecture itself was narrowly defined as a kind of melodrama that a few architect and work of art matters. The rise of critical history fundamentally has changed the way of seeing and writing the history of Modern architecture. but it has also a new kind of dilemma as regard to writing history and involving practice. This review of historiography traces the texts of historians as like Pevsner, Giedion, Banham, Rowe, Tafuri, Frampton, and Curtis relating to different discours making. When we consider Benjamin's famous concept of constellation, writing history necessarily is a kind of montage making in time and we always need to recognize the historicity of historiography.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.573-590
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop contemporary Qipao design that emphasized creative feminine beauty with a unique sense beyond the concept of traditional Qipao design. This would be achieved using the expressive technique of human liberation from the oppression of the unconscious world a supported by surrealism. Using existing literature and previous research, surrealist expression technique used in fashion were investigated and analyzed. The results are as follows. First, the possibility of new and original design beyond existing surrealistic Qipao design was demonstrated through various realistic surrealism expression techniques, such as dépaysement, objet, and trompe-l'œil techniques. This occurred by exploring various unconscious world out of fixed ideas and through expression techniques of surrealistic fashion such as imagery of body parts, metaphorical expression of objects, and position deformation and illusion. Second, Qipao design that combined objet and attempted ordinary escape by combining isolated body parts (such as hands, eyes, and lips) within the composition combine with surrealistic expression enabled various and fun surrealistic fashion designs to emerge. Third, the metaphor of surreal lips and eyes (mainly used in works of this study) presented a unique and extraordinary combination of images in accessories and partial design that used the dépaysement technique. Thus, it was possible to expand surrealistic expression by including LED wire.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.475-484
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• 2019

현재 디자인 연구 분야에서는 후카사와 나오토가 제시한 "Without Thought" 디자인에 대한 체계적인 연구가 부족한 실정이며 어포던스(Affordance)의 개념과 혼동되어 사용하는 경우도 많이 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 후카사와 나오토의 Without Thought 디자인 이념 및 이와 관련 있는 무의식 이론을 바탕으로 Without Thought의 개념을 정의하고자 한다. Without Thought는 사용자와 물건 간의 무의식적인 인터렉션을 완성시키며 사용자에게 "적절하다"는 느낌을 받도록 하는 디자인 이념이라고 할 수 있다. 또한, 후카사와 나오토의 저서, 논문, 연설, 작품 및 관련 문헌을 고찰하고 분석하여 "행위의 연속성, 의미의 명확성, 인지의 공통성, 생활상황을 위한 디자인, 자연적인 수요를 위한 디자인" 5개의 Without Thought 디자인 원칙을 도출하였다. 본 논문은 Without Thought의 개념을 체계적으로 정의하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다. 또한, Without Thought 개념을 활용하는 디자인 프로세스 개발의 기초 연구 자료가 될 것으로도 기대가 된다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2008

This thesis sets out to study the immanent mechanism of architectural space which had been classified as external space in general. The mise en $sc{\acute{e}}ne$ could consider one among various immanent tools to deal with the singularity of interior architecture. An imaginary interrelationship between cinema and architecture offers a possibility which a mise en $sc{\acute{e}}ne$ could be used with a space making equipment. The mise en $sc{\acute{e}}ne$ is a conscious equipment to lead a meta-function of simple visual-perception. The mise en $sc{\acute{e}}ne$-space has been supposed to visual-perception cases and conscious cases in interior architecture. In particular, as a result of analysis, it becomes clear that the mise en $sc{\acute{e}}ne$-space is a kind of something signifer to expose designers's an abyss of conscious and unconscious. In my opinion, this is the very way that the contemporary interior architecture is exposed to its singularity by a mechanism of mise en $sc{\acute{e}}ne$-space. In conclusion, the psychoanalysis-frame of mise en $sc{\acute{e}}ne$-space has brought out any possibility of an interpretation about architectural immanent themes like a subject, meaning creation, and construction logic, and it has also been useful to reveal the architectural singularity.