• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1610-1615
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• 2001

Three studies were conducted to determine the effect of sex on pre- and post-weaning performance of pigs. These studies were conducted in response to observations that female pigs appear to grow faster than male pigs after weaning. In addition, female pigs have been found to grow faster than male pigs when supplied with supplemental milk before weaning. The aims of the present work were to further characterise the ontogeny of sex differences growth of nursing and growing pigs. In the first study, piglets sucking 32 sows were crossfostered to produce litters of 10 boars (n=9), 10 gilts (n=l 1) or 5 boars and 5 gilts (n=12). Liveweight of the sucking pigs was then measured weekly until weaning at 4 weeks of age. In the second study, 80 boars and 80 gilts were weaned at 26 days of age and growth performance measured until 21 days post-weaning. In the third experiment, 40 boars and 40 gilts were weaned into groups of 5 pigs at either 17 or 25 days of age and pigs were weighed until they were approximately 90 kg liveweight. All-boar litters grew more slowly than the all-gilt and mixed litters such that by 14 days of age the all-boar litters were 10% lighter than the all-gilt or mixed litters (39 vs. 43.8 kg, p=0.050). The proportional difference in litter weight appeared to be maintained at 21 days of age (53.9 vs. 59.4 kg, p=0.063) but was diminished by 28 days of age (66.5 vs. 70.8 kg, p=0.28). In the second study, gilts grew more quickly than boars over the first 7 and 21 days post-weaning and as a consequence were 10% heavier than boars at 21 days after weaning (13.7 vs 12.48 kg, p=0.001). In the third study, gilts grew more quickly than boars in the immediate 7 days post-weaning (40 vs. 5 g/day, p=0.014) whereas from 7 until 35 days post-weaning there was no significant difference in growth rate (381 vs. 360 g/day, p=0.19). Gilts also grew more quickly than boars over the 14 days after being moved into the grower (631 vs. 570 g/day, p=0.013) and finisher (749 vs. 688 g/day, p=0.038) sheds. However, these differences were not maintained over the entire period in each shed. These data support the hypotheses that gilts handle the stresses of weaning and other transitions better than boars.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2018

Background: There are many techniques of inferior alveolar nerve block injection (IANBI); one among them is the computer-assisted intraosseous injection (CAIOI). Here we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of CAIOI with $Quicksleeper^{(R)}$ in mandibular third molar surgery. Methods: This study is a clinical, single-blind, randomized, split-mouth, controlled trial including 25 patients (10 males and 15 females, mean age 21 years). The patients underwent surgical removal of bilateral mandibular third molars with two different IANBI techniques. One side was injected using $Quicksleeper^{(R)}$, and the other side was injected using a conventional IANBI. Both techniques used one cartridge (1.7 ml) of 1:100,000 epinephrine 4% articaine. A supplementary injection was used if necessary. All volumes of anesthetic agent used were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and Wilcoxon test. Results: This research showed that CAIOI has faster onset and shorter duration of action than IANBI (P < 0.05). The pain was similar in both techniques. In the CAIOI group, one-third of the cases could be completed without additional anesthesia. The remaining two-thirds required minimal supplementary volume of anesthesia. The success rates were 68% for CAIOI and 72% for IANBI, respectively. Conclusion: CAIOI is an advantageous anesthetic technique. It can be used as an alternative to conventional IANBI for mandibular third molar surgery.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5121-5126
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• 2016

Objective: To investigate the impact of chemotherapy on quality of life (QoL) among breast cancer patients and to evaluate the relationship with age, cancer stage and presence of any comorbidity. Methods: A prospective study was conducted among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Hospital Melaka from 1st January 2014 to 31st July 2014. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was given to patients to fill in prior chemotherapy (baseline) and after the third cycle of chemotherapy. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: Respondents were 32 female patients [mean age (SD): 49.7(9.93) years]. They reported a significant lower global health status (P < 0.01) and significant higher symptoms of nausea and vomiting (P < 0.01), loss of appetite (P = 0.028) and diarrhea (P = 0.026) after the third cycle of chemotherapy as compared to baseline. Compare to, this study showed significant better emotional functioning (P < 0.01) and social functioning (P < 0.01) than the EORTC QLQ-C30 Reference Values 2008 for breast cancer cases. Under symptom scales higher scores were noted for appetite loss (P = 0.017), nausea and vomiting (P < 0.01). Age, stage and comorbidity had no clear associations with global health status in our patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Chemotherapy did reduce the QoL of breast cancer patients. Management of chemotherapy-induced loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting should be improved for a better outcome.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2007

본 연구는 하악 제3대구치의 맹출 양상이 치관주위염의 발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 양산시에 소재한 N치과병원에 하악 제3대구치 발거를 주소로 내원한 환자 200명을 대상으로 조사연구를 실시하였다. 하악 제3대구치의 좌 우측 분포도, 경사도, 매복정도, 하악지 전연에서의 위치, 하악 제2대구치와 제3대구치 사이의 거리는 $X^2$-test, 치관주위염 유 무와 제 변수와의 상관성은 Pearson 상관관계를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 하악 제3대구치에 대한 치관주위염의 발생은 연령과 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 하악 제3대구치의 경사도에 있어서 치관주위염이 가장 호발된 군은 근심경사군이었다. 3. 하악 제3대구치의 매복정도와 치관주위염의 발생은 Level a, Level c, Level b순으로 나타났다. 4. 하악 제3대구치의 하악지 전연에서의 위치는 Class II, I, III의 순으로 치관주위염이 호발하였다. 5. 하악 제2대구치의 원심 백악법랑경계에서 하악 제3대구치의 근심 백악법랑경계까지의 거리가 좁을수록 치관주위염이 호발하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1645-1656
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of strain on broiler performance, and age at slaughter and postchilling (PC) aging time on meat quality traits. A total of 500 one-day-old chicks (250 Hubbard classic and 250 Lohman) were reared under commercial conditions. Half of the broiler birds from each strain were slaughtered at 32 days and the other half at 42 days old. At each processing day, 168 carcasses were randomly selected (84 Hubbard and 84 Lohman) and divided into groups of 28 carcasses within each strain, and aged for 0, 4 and 24 h after chilling. Average weekly body weight was comparable between strains. Feed conversion ratio was higher (p<0.05) for the Hubbard strain during the second and third week of age. Initial carcass pH was significantly (p<0.05) affected by age where younger birds (32-d-old) had lower pH values than older (41-d-old) birds. Breast temperature was higher (p<0.001) for Lohman than Hubbard at 0, 2 and 4 h of PC. Younger birds had a lower breast temperature (p<0.001) at all measured times of PC. Thaw loss, cook loss and water holding capacity were not significantly affected by strain, age or aging time. Lohman strain had more tender meat (p<0.05) than Hubbard strain, and tenderness was improved with the increase of broiler age and aging time. Meats from Hubbard were lighter and less red than those from Lohman strain where younger birds had darker color. In conclusion, strain, age at slaughter and PC aging duration are critical to breast meat quality characteristics, and 4 h of aging are required before deboning in order to obtain more tender fillets.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.159-175
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• 1997

The purpose of the study is to analyze the pattern of human developmental growth with empirical anthropometric data for the establishment of the sizing system of junior high school student\`s uniforms. The sample size was 881 boys and 762 girls between age 12 and 14. An anthropometric database used for this study was the 1992 national anthropometric survey of Korea. The result obtained are as follows ; 1. Several items of anthropometric data on junior high school students students showed significant differences in accordance with age and sex. In the meantime, there was no difference on the item of height under the age of 12 between sex, however, significant difference on that age of 13 or over. The hip girth was the biggest growth rate among tyhe item of girth. The somatotype of boys is straight, while girls\` shows a curved line. The bodytype of girls shows slim waist, fat belly and hip girth. 2. The result of factor analysis indicated that the first factor was composed with girth, depth and width-measures, and the second factor of height, length-measures. The third factors were consisted of items of representing bodytype of trunk, and the fourth, bodytype of lower part of trunk. 3. The result of cluster analysis indicated that boys were sybdivided into 3 types and girls 4 types.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1998

Changes in the human voice occur between infancy and old age and reflect a myriad of biological changes that influence the size, shape, and physical properties of the larynx. The human larynx is located near the base of the neck and attached inferiorly to the trachea and opens superiorly into the pharynx. The larynx by the third month of fetal life has the same features recognizable at birth. The fundamental frequency of vocal fold vibration generally becomes higher in early age, lower in middle age, and higher in old age. These decreases in Fo undoubtedly result from a combination of factors, consisting of modest increase in length and mass of the muscle and connective tissues of the vocal fold. But the level of the larynx in the neck may be closely connected with Fo directly, high larynx in related with high pitch and low larynx with low pitch. The purpose of this study is to determine the developmental level difference from child to adult larynx using conventional radiography, and the change of speaking fundamental frequency from second decade to sixth decade.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2014

Objective and Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of individual characteristics, work-related factors, lifestyle factors, and health problems with work ability among aging workers in Korea. Method: In this cross-sectional survey, the study population consisted of 1,594 workers who had participated in a voluntary health promotion center and private workplace. Participants completed the work ability index. Results: The mean WAI score was 37.4, while the mean age of the sample was 43.25. In the age group over 50 showed 36.26. The majority of participants rated their work ability as 'good' to 'excellent', one-third moderate and about 7.5% poor. Work ability decreased significantly with age among the men. The younger group had higher scores on the work ability index than the age group over 50, except for mental resources. By work characteristics, work ability was analyzed to be the lowest in the case of work handling heavy stuff. Lastly, as a result of health factors analysis, the good management and retention of current health status can be the measure helpful to the improvement of work ability. Conclusion and Application: According to the results, it can be a basic principle to devise and enforce preventive measures on the factors for which improvement or action is possible, together with workplace-level systematic approach, in order to improve work ability. For such measures to be realized, it is necessary to check trends in change for several years.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.119-147
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• 2024

This study aims to analyze older adults's intention to use digital financial services. To verify the purpose, the '2022 Korean Senior Technology Acceptance Panel Survey' data were used. And a shortened Senior Technology Acceptance Model(STAM) reflecting the characteristics of older adults was applied. The results of Structural Equation Model analysis are as follows. First, the lower gerontechnology anxiety, the higher control beliefs reflecting perceived ease of use, self-efficacy and facilitating conditions and the intention to use digital financial services. Second, the health factor had a positive effect on the control beliefs. Third, the higher the control beliefs, the higher the attitudinal beliefs reflecting perceived usefulness and attitude and the intention to use digital financial services. Lastly, the higher attitudinal beliefs, the higher the intention to use digital financial services. The results suggest the need for interventions that can relieve gerontechnology anxiety and strengthen positive perceptions about control beliefs and attitudinal beliefs in order to increase older adults's intention to use digital financial services.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.217-232
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• 2018

This study analyzes the determining factors of the digital divide index in married female immigrants based on panel data from the National Information Society Agency (2016). There were 287 participants, all of whom owned a smartphone. The study divided the consumer groups into three age groups: 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49 years. SPSS 19.0 was used to statistically analyze the results. The findings of the analysis were described using frequency, descriptive, cross-tab, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings of this research are as follows. First, nationality, acquisition of Korean nationality, and duration of living in Korea were significantly different among the three groups. Second, digital competency and online service usage were also significantly different among the three groups. Third, PC usage ability, mobile usage ability, and diversity of online usage significantly influenced the digital divide index in all age groups. Fourth, residential duration in Korea significantly decreased the digital divide index for groups in their 30s and 40s. Fifth, Loneliness significantly increased the digital divide index for groups in their 20s. Sixth, depression significantly increased the digital divide index for groups in their 30s. The study will help to further understand age-related differences and the digital divide of married female immigrants.