• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to propose the type and size of space which is changed working plan as comparison with basic plan. It has been compared basic plan with working plan of 12 educational facilities which was designed basic plan by a professional research organization of educational facilities. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) The gross area of elementary school is decreased a course of working plan. But, the meddle and high school's gross area is increased. 2) It was downed 69.28 percent by the area of classroom at the primary school. At the meddle school, 3rd classroom's area increased by 22.65 percent, while 4th classroom's area down 33.98 percent. In case of high school, the area of 4th classroom and public lecture room increased by each 28.23 and 23.17 percent.

• 교육시설
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to provide the planning guideline for the multi-purposed classroom in the elementary school and middle school using questionnaire and user participation method. As the user participation method, the design workshop in the study contains participation techniques, community action planning, and participation game. The design workshop used the design kit as a communication tool. Four user groups, selected from teachers and child in the elementary school and middle school, to be reconstructed, participated in a design workshop with design kit, and each group produced their own plans. The result of this study is as follows; (1) Teachers wanted multi-purposed classroom to be used by two classes. (2) The size of the multi-purposed classroom was preferred 1.5 times(30 py.) of the regular classroom. (3) By considering the characteristics of students it was required the open space in elementary, but required it to be separated from the regular classroom in middle school. (4) Through the analysis, we could grasp the processes that the users' needs were practically applied to design. Our design workshop method should be hereafter modified and advanced, but showed the usefulness in many aspects.

• 교육시설
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.19-30
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• 1995

The primary purpose of this study is to suggest the policy for the effective utilization of empty classrooms in elementary school. The empty classroom in this study means the classroom that is not used now since the number of students decreases, but can be usable for other needs in future. The following results are obtained through this survey; 1) about forty percent of classrooms are empty classrooms, 2) the ratio of empty classrooms is higher in urban area than rural area, 3) the smaller the size of classroom is, the higher the ratio is, and 4) 56.5% of the schools have one to three empty classrooms and 30.0% have four to six empty classrooms. In conclusion it is suggested that 1) the reutilization plan of empty classrooms be established according to particular situation of each school, 2) the government develop the guidelines for reutilization and administrative procedures for renewal, 3) the reutilization plan be established from the view point of the quality improvement of schooling, and 4) the enlargement and rearranagemt of learning space be considerd when reutilization is planned.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15호
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• pp.62-68
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• 1998

Children develop in direct relation and response to their physical environment, The purposes of this study were to investigate the current interior design conditions of classrooms in kindergarten and to provide interior planning guidelines for children's behavioral and developmental improvement and better educational environment. Data were collected through interview and questionnaire survey. The sample included 239 teachers who were employed in 23 kindergartens located in Pusan. The data were analyzed by using SPSS-PC. The major findings were as follows; (1) Wood and wallpapers which provide various colors and patterns are recommendable as a classroom finish rather than paint which looks monotonous. (2) Teachers preferred 7 or 8 activity centers in classroom and furniture or partition is the best when dividing space. (3) Classroom should be large enough to locate various types of furniture that designed based on child-size and objects to store. (4) Activity centers should be lit by different types of task lighting such as floor lamp and backer to provide sufficient level of light.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to carry out the research of the satisfaction level of consumers (students and teachers) and managerial characteristics for model classes of the subject classroom system and to draw the effective plan of the system. The conclusions are as follows First, the biggest advantage of the system is to fulfill the educational goal according to an individual level and ability of each student while the biggest disadvantage is the inconvenience of students to change their classrooms for each specific class. Second, it is necessary to rearrange the classrooms according to the applied subjects from the aspect of curriculum management since the time frame is not convenient for recess. English and mathematics are required preferentially as applied subjects, however Korean (as a national language) and science are needed to be taught with level-differentiated classes, too. The ideal size of classes is most likely 20-25 students according to the result of research. Lastly, the space of environment is another requirement to secure smooth flow of students' movements and extra space for technical devices used for information research. The above analysis indicates the necessity of supplementation in space planning for further implementation of subject classroom system in secondary school.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.201-220
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 유아교육과 보육의 질을 그동안 유아교사의 학력과 자격에 중점을 두어왔던 전통적인 패러다임을 비판적으로 분석하고, 유아교육과 보육의 질을 향상시키기 위한 조건들을 탐색하고자 하였다. 교사의 학력과 경력, 기관유형과 학급규모, 교육과정 편성유형을 독립변수로 하고, 유아교실의 질에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 유아교실의 질은 유아교육기관 운영의 질, 유아교육과정의 질, 상호작용의 질로 구성하였다. 연구방법으로는 설문조사를 통한 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 유아교실의 질에는 유아교사의 개인특성변수인 경력이나 학력보다는 기관유형이나 학급규모와 같은 기관특성변수의 영향력이 보다 중요한 것으로 보고되었다. 또한 사립보다 국공립으로 갈수록 유아교육기관의 질이 높았다. 유아교실의 질을 구성하는 유아교육기관 운영의 질, 유아교육과정의 질, 상호작용의 질의 변수에서 공통적으로 기관유형변수의 설명력이 보다 높은 것으로 일관되게 나타났다. 이상의 분석결과에 근거하여 정책적 시사점과 추후 연구방안을 제시하였다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

This paper studies the effect of flipping the classroom in undergraduate physics classes using English as the medium of instruction (EMI). Data on student use of learning strategies, course satisfaction level and perceptions of the flipped classes were collected through a survey including close-ended and open-ended questions. The sample size was 71 students in flipped classes, with 60 students in non-flipped classes used as a control group (total N=131). It was found that students in the flipped classes showed greater intrinsic goal orientation (p<.05), control of learning beliefs (p<.05), and use of critical thinking (p<.01) than those in the non-flipped classes. While the survey highlighted problems of student engagement with the pre-class activities, students who had previous experience with online classes committed more time to pre-class, suggesting that engagement may improve with exposure to blended learning. It is concluded that the flipped classroom helps students develop their identities as self-directed learners, but that more support is necessary for weaker students in the EMI context. Implications are drawn for the content design of flipped EMI classrooms.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.227-230
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• 2007

The expansion of open education and the 7th revision of educational curriculum have brought big changes in the school facilities. In response to the integrated curriculum for the first and second grades of elementary school, various plans, such as open classroom, expanded classroom size, and the installation of multi-purpose space, have been attempted. However, such plans have appeared in the form of an open classroom--a uniform spatial composition. As a result, a plan for unit learning space to support the educational curriculum and activities for low grade levels is still insufficient. In the case of advanced countries, a lot of studies on space are being actively conducted to develop the creativity of children and to facilitate free-style learning, and such space is actually applied to a real educational environment. Therefore, this study will analyze the spatial composition of unit learning space for low grade level elementary schools in Korea. From the cases of advanced countries, a more concrete proposal will be suggested to diversify unit learning space for low grade levels.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2008

제7차 교육과정은 학습자 중심 수업을 강조하는 패러다임적 전환을 요구하고 있다. 하지만, 교사들의 신념은 여전히 이전의 교육과정을 실천하기에 적합한 신념들을 형성하고 있다. 좀 더 정확하게 말하자면, 교사들은 자신의 신념을 바뀌어가고 있는 중이다. 이에 본 고에서는 패러다임적 전환이 이루어진 교육을 실천하기 위해서 교사들이 형성해야 할 신념들 중 학습자관, 차시별 학습목표, 교육과정상의 모든 지식의 지도가능성, 학급당 인원수, 학업성취도 등 몇 가지에 대해서 논의한다. 이런 논의가 학습자 중심 수업의 실천을 더욱 강조하는 2007개정 교육과정을 운영해야 하는 교사들에게 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the two different types of chairs on trapezius muscle activation during dictation tasks. Seventeen university students, each of whom were within ${\pm}1$ standard deviation of the mean Korean standard body size, voluntarily participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to collect electrical signals from both the upper and lower trapezius muscles. Amplitude Probability Distribution Function (APDF) was performed to analyze the muscle activity. The findings of this study were 1) The backrest-point height of the auditorium chair and the height, length and width of the connected desk were shorter than what was suggested by the KS. Another difference was that the auditorium chair had a bigger angle of the backrest compared to the classroom chair. 2) Regarding within-subject effect the sole statistically significant difference was found between activation of the upper trapezius muscle. The upper trapezius muscle's %RVC in the APDF 10th-50th-90th percentile was statistically higher for participants sitting in the auditorium chair than for participants sitting in the classroom chair (p<.05). 3) There was an interaction effect between the 'two chair-types' and the 'two muscle-sides' in the APDF 10th-50th percentile (p<.05). 4) There was an interaction effect between the 'two chair-types' and the 'three gaze-direction' in the APDF 90th percentile (p<.05). The findings of this study indicated that maintaining a writing posture for a prolonged period of time in an auditorium chair significantly increased the left upper trapezius muscle activation compared to a classroom chair.