• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.151-153
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• 1999

Gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) pigment solution and Jindo Hongju prepared in the laboratory showed characteristic pH-dependent color changes and a shift in absorption maxima. This phenomenon was not observed in the solution of the artificial food colorant Red No. 2 which was suspected to be used in the manufacture of fake Jindo Hongju. A few fake products could be detected by using the pH-dependent shift in absorption maxima among the Jindo Hongju on market.

• 한국임상수의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국임상수의학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.100-100
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• 2006

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.184-188
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• 1990

Observations were made on the infection rate of common internal parasites in Jindo dogs from January to March, 1989. Fecal samples were collected from 115 Jindo dogs in Jindo area. On the basis of egg counting, the following results were obtained； 1. Of 115 fecal samples, 65.2％ were appeared as positive, Dogs from intensive dog-rearing places have lower infection rates than others. 2. Of the parasites detected, Toxocara canis was the most commonly encountered (26.1%). 3. Ascarids, flukes and coccidia were more prevalent in pups than in mature dogs, whereas hookworms were detected less often in young dogs than in older ones.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 with DEA 1.1 and DEA 1.2 on 122 Jindo dogs (29 males, 93 females) from 2014 to 2015 using a monoclonal antibody card kit (blood typing card kit, Korea Animal Blood Bank Inc., South Korea). Among the tested dogs, 14.8% (18/122) were positive for the DEA 1.1 antigen and 85.2% (104/122) were positive for the DEA 1.2 antigen. The prevalence of positive types for the DEA 1.2 antigen was significantly higher than the DEA 1.1 antigen (P<0.01). The prevalence of positive types for the DEA 1.1 antigen was higher in white-haired Jindo dogs than yellow-haired dogs (P<0.05). However, there was no gender difference in the prevalence of the DEA 1.1 antigen (P=0.665). The incidence of sensitization after the first transfusion without blood group test was 12.6% and the incidence of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction after the second transfusion in the same immunized dogs was 1.6%. Therefore, the blood group test for the DEA 1 antigen should be performed for Jindo dogs to ensure safe and effective transfusion therapy and further studies remain to be conducted for other DEAs among Jindo dogs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.405-408
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• 1988

The origin of Jindo dogs has been controversial. It has been informed by words of mouth that they are the offsprings of either the digs of Sung dynasty (960~1279 A.D.) in China or the Mongolian dogs. Some breeds of dogs in Japan now have almost same appearance as Jindo dogs. The authors reviewed the history of Japan and found that Korean hunting dogs were sent to Japan in early 5th century, which was before Sung dynasty of China. Dr. Jae-Keun Ryu of National Institute of Environmental Research has done some work on serums of dogs of both Korea and Japan; the results of his serological and molecular biological studies indicated that Korean dogs were sent to Japan 1,300~2,500 years ago. Jindo dogs appear to be the descendants of the dogs of the Stone Age. They have adapted themselves to the unfavorable environment of Jindo island so that they can maintain pure line-age and wild nature until today. It was concluded that they are Korean native dogs, not the offsprings of the dogs of Sung dynasty or the Mongolian dogs.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• nspc9호
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• pp.51-72
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• 2016

We surveyed the biodiversity of lepidopterous insects in Jindo Island using UV bucket trap in July 2016 to determine the relationship between surrounding environment and ecosystem in order to contribute to biodiversity conservation and management of coastal islands in Korea. Based on our survey results, a total of 262 lepidopterous insect species in 16 families were collected from Jindo Island. Members belonging to families Noctuidae and Geometridae made up approximately half of the total species (86 species [32.82%] in Noctuidae and 44 species [16.79] in Geometridae). There were 29 species (11.07%) belonging to Crambidae and 28 species (10.69%) belonging to Pyralidae. As a result of all collections based on previous literature and this study, a total of 730 species belonging to 34 families were collected from Jindo Island, including 33 protected species, 242 species (33.15%) belonging to Noctuidae (the most abundant), 124 species (16.99%) belonging to Geometridae, 79 species (10.82%) belonging to Crambidae, and 65 species (8.90%) belonging to Pyralidae. The most frequently collected species was Lamoria glaucalis in this syudy. Our results on the diversity of lepidopterous insects will provide basic information for future investigation on diverse changes in the ecosystem of Jindo Island, Korea.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2002

본 연구는 진도개 동결정액 제조기술을 정립하기 위하여 진도개 정액성상과 동결 전후 정액의 활력과 생존율 및 CASAs를 이용한 운동성 등에 대하여 조사하였고, 백구와 황구간, 개체간의 정액성상과 내동성을 비교, 조사하였다. 이상의 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 총 63회 정액채취 후 신선정액의 평균 정액량 3.8 $m\ell$, 농도 145.6$\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$, 총정자수 396.2$\times$08/$m\ell$, 전진운동율 79.7% 및 생존율 89.5% 였다. 황구와 백구간에는 황구가, 개체간에는 황구 2호가 정자농도, 총정자수, 전진운동정자율 및 생존율 등의 정액성상에서 유의적으로 우수하였다(P<0.05). 2. 동결전.후 정자의 전진운동율과 생존율을 46회 조사한 결과 동결전 73.5%와 82.3%를, 동결후 51.1%와 64.9%를 나타내 동결과정이 전진운동율과 생존율에 영향이 있었으며, 역시 황구와 백구간에는 황구가, 개체간에는 황구 2호가 동결전후 전진운동율과 생존율에서 유의적인 차이가 인정되었다 (P<0.05). 3. 동결.융해정자의 보다 객관적인 평가를 위하여 CASA system을 이용한 총 44회 평가한 결과, 생존율 65.6%, 전진운동율 54.8%, VAP 75.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$/sec, VCL 90.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$/sec, VSL 69.4 $\mu\textrm{m}$/sec 및 ALH 4.4 $\mu\textrm{m}$로 동결 융해 정액의 운동성은 양호하였고, 황구와 백구간의 운동성에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 개체간에는 역시 황구 2호가 운동성이 우수하여 유의적인 차이가 인정되었다 (P<0.05). 4. 채취된 정액중 백구는 46%(13/28), 황구는 94%(33/35)가 동결정액 제조가 가능해 황구가 내동성이 좋았으며, 전체적으로 73%(46/63) 동결정액 제조가 가능하였다. 결론적으로 진도개의 동결정액을 제조하기 위하여 정액성상 및 동결 전후 운동성을 조사한 결과 동결정액 제조와 생산체계의 구축이 가능하였으며, 황구와 백구간, 개체간의 정액성상과 동결전후의 운동성에 차이가 인정되므로 정액성상과 내동성을 고려한 종견선발 체계가 필요하다고 사려되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1993

Mitochondrial DNA(mt DNA) of Mammalian is the circular one which the 16.5K base pairs and show the maternal inheritance. Evolutional speed of nucleotide sequence is very fast. So that polymorphic analysis of mt DNA provide the useful informations to investigate the genetic relations of interspecies. Authors trials were focussed to compare with the polymorphic differences of mitochondrial DNA between Jindo and Japanese mongrel dogs. DNA was extracted from bloods of 21 head of Jindo dogs and 20 head of Japanese dogs and isolated using 10 kinds of restriction endonucleases(Apa I, BamH I, Bgl II, EcoR I, EcoR V, Hinc II. Hind III, Pst I, Sty I, Xba I) and then separated by the agarose gel electrophoresis. After sourthern blotting hybridization was completed using the mtDNA of Japanese mongrel dogs as a probe. Autoradiography was used to compare the polymorphism of mtDNA both dogs. The results obtained were as follows; 1. mt DNA of Jindo dog showed polymorphism resulting cleavage with four kinds of restriction endonuclease, Apa I, EcoR V, Hinc II, Sty I. While in the Japanese mongrel dogs observed the polymorphism in the five kinds of restriction endonuclease supplemented with EcoR I. 2. Compared with both dogs the frequency differences of DNA polymorphism were recognized in the specific restriction endonuclease Apa I. Consequently in the restriction endonuclease Apa I both dogs classified with three types as A, B, C however in the Jindo dogs frequency of C type was 71.5 percent but in Japanese mongrel dogs observed 45 percent in the A type. 3. DNA polymorphism obtained from the use of five kinds of restriction endonuclease were classified with seven types. In Jindo dogs frequency was highest in the type 6 as 71.4 percent but in the Japanese mongrel dogs showed 35 percent in the type 5. 4. Genetic distances calculated by NEI method showed 0.0089 in Jindo dogs and was 0.0094 in the Japanese mongrel dogs.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 1996년도 임시총회 및 제8차 학술발표회 진행표 및 발표논문 초록
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• pp.25-25
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• 1996

;Jindo Hongju is an unique red-colored traditional distilled wine of Korea. The unique attractive color of Jindo Hongju is due to the pigments of gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) root, derivatives of naphtoquinone such as shikonin and acetylshikonin. Which are extracted during the distillation process. The attractive color of the gromwell pigments is easily changed to dark red or to brown causing deterioration of the Quality of Jindo Hongju. Due to the discoloration of the pigments and to the limited supply of gromwell roots, some brewers manufacture spurious Jindo Hongju using artificial colorants. This study was performed to devise a simple method of detecting spurious Jindo Hongju products. The color of the gromwell pigments was greatly affected by pH change and the change could be demonstrated by the change of the absorption spectrum. At pH 4.0 the normal pH of Jindo Hongju, the absorption spectra of gromwell pigments and genuine Hongju products showed an absorption maximum of 520 nm. The absorption maximum was shifted to 570 nm and to 616 nm as the pH was raised to 7.0 and 11.0 respectively. This transition due to the pH change was also demonstrated on em chromaticity diagram. The characteristic transition due to pH change of gromwell pigment solution was not observed with an artificial colorant (red No.2) which was suspected to be used in the manufacture of imitation products. The absorption spectra of most of the Jindo Hongju collected from the market were similar to that of the gromwell pigments and showed the characteristic transition due to pH change with the addition of NaOH. However, with a few of the products, the absorption spectra was similar to that of the artificial colorant and the characteristic transition due to pH change was not observed, indicating these products might have been forged. The result of study suggests that the transition of the absorption spectrum and the change of the color due to pH change be used for the detection of imitation products. Farther more, since, at pH above 9.0, the color of the gromwell pigments and genuine Jindo Hongju could be visually differentiated from that of the artificial colorant and forged products, it might be possible that the forged products be easily detected by raising the pH to above 9.0 and visually comparing the color with that of the gromwell pigment at the same pH.me pH.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 1992

Jindo Hongju is a traditional liquor in Jindo island of Korea. The characteristics of Hongju are its unique flavour by fermetation and red color of gromwell(Lithospermum erythrorhizon) root. However, the evaluation of red pigment is different from one manufactures to other manufactures and from place to place, also the standard method is not established. An attempt has made to compare the quality of gromwell root from different places and to standardize the extracting method. The results obtained from this study are summerized as follow, The chemical properties and composition of gromwell root from Jindo and other areas were compared. There were no difference among the samples in moisture content, content of naphtoquinone derivatives and absoption spectra. These results indicate that the pigments from Jindo and other region products seems to be the same quality. For efficient extraction of gromwell pigment, more than 40% ethanol as solvent and at least 10 hours extraction time was required. According to the visual test for Hongju pigment, the most preferable color was that it shows absorbance of 1.0 (contents of shikonin was 3.90 mg/45% EtOH 20 ml). From this visual test it can be proposed that the may be applied absorbance at 1.0 for the quality control of pigment.