• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.1418-1432
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• 1997

Most general content_based image retrieval techniques use color and texture as retrieval indices. In color techniques, color histogram and color pair based color retrieval techniques suffer from a lack of spatial information and text. And This paper describes the design and implementation of content_based image retrieval system using color space and keywords. The preprocessor for image retrieval has used the coordinate system of the existing HSI(Hue, Saturation, Intensity) and preformed to split One image into chromatic region and achromatic region respectively, It is necessary to normalize the size of image for 200*N or N*200 and to convert true colors into 256 color. Two color histograms for background and object are used in order to decide on color selection in the color space. Spatial information is obtained using a maximum entropy discretization. It is possible to choose the class, color, shape, location and size of image by using keyword. An input color is limited by 15 kinds keyword of chromatic and achromatic colors of the Korea Industrial Standards. Image retrieval method is used as the key of retrieval properties in the similarity. The weight values of color space ${\alpha}(%)and\;keyword\;{\beta}(%)$ can be chosen by the user in inputting the query words, controlling the values according to the properties of image_contents. The result of retrieval in the test using extracted feature such as color space and keyword to the query image are lower that those of weight value. In the case of weight value, the average of te measuring parameters shows approximate Precision(0.858), Recall(0.936), RT(1), MT(0). The above results have proved higher retrieval effects than the content_based image retrieval by using color space of keywords.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was analyzing the features of architectural colors in Hongseong-gun and proposing environmental color design for regional identity color. According to the analysis, Hongseong's base colors are YR of low hue value and grayish tone colors. But a lot of signs and outdoor billboards mar the beauty of the environmental color. So it is more important to solve the problems as well as new environmental color design. The results are as follows; 1) Naepo Color Palette of 2009 Chungnam Public Design Master Plan would be an accepted principal for the contextual landscape image of Chungnam in macro perspective. 2) Outdoor signboards must be controlled and improved for the harmony of the buildings dominant colors. 3) Roof color would arrange R or grayish of deep tone colors those are similar balance of Hongseong base color YR, and gate color would have clear principles of the order such as chromatic or brightness contrast in housing. 4) Forming of future oriented image of Hongseong need to be considered first as to whether it is harmonious tones with existing local base colors.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2002

The present study was performed to observe the role of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (H-7, staurosporine) and daunorubicin in the cell death process of MCF7 cells; and examined whether or not the type of induced cell death was apoptosis. The usefulness of the combined therapy of PKC inhibitors and daunorubicin to improve the adverse effect of daunorubicin was also investigated. Cell death was induced by treatment with PKC inhibitors or daunorubicin. Characteristic morphologic features of cell shrinkage, chromatic condensation, and cytoplasmic vacuolization were observed. These treatments also stimulated the cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), an early event in apoptosis. With slight differences in the percentage of apoptosis-induced cells, staurosporine, H-7 and daunorubicin effectively induced apoptosis in MCF7 cells. Furthermore, combined treatment of PKC inhibitors and daunorubicin significantly drove the cells into an apoptotic state. Hence, our results revealed the possible therapeutic value of combined therapy for the prevention of drug resistance and adverse side effects.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.115-132
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to suggest multiple directions of fashion design by producing differentiated athleisure fashion designs with functional materials based on existing sportswear. A design utilizing handcraft skill was developed by applying the design characteristics of Laszlo Moholy-Nagy's paintings. With respect to the study methods, the background of Laszlo Moholy-Nagy's paintings were analyzed and their historical background was investigated by employing previous studies and literature review. The design characteristics were classified by issue and time-period. The results are as follows; First, the feasibility of creative artwork expression was found by pursuing collaboration with artwork and fashion by applying the motives of the fashion with the characteristics by the times, lines, forms, colors, and overlapping in Moholy-Nagy's paintings. Second, athleisure fashion, which can mix-match with casual wear, was found to enhance not only creativity but also add value by applying design, which added multiple handcraft elements, as well as characteristics of functionality, aesthetics, practicality, appealability, ostentation, activity, and dynamism. Third, potential harmony was found with achromatic and chromatic colors that can express more dynamic and active images. Based on the study results, further studies are anticipated using multiple paintings.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2015

In this paper, it is investigated that the limitation due to the asymmetry of optical power and chromatic dispersion with respect to optical phase conjugator (OPC) for compensating optical signal distortion in WDM system is overcomed by using OPC position offset and optimal dispersion coefficients of fiber sections, which depend on OPC position offset. It is confirmed that overall WDM channels are efficiently compensated by applying the optimal parameter values obtained from the proposed method into 24 channels ${\times}40$ Gbps WDM system with non zero - dispersion shifted fiber (NZ-DSF) of 1, 000 km, such as power penalties of inter-channel are reduce to almost 3.5 dB from the infinite value. It is also confirmed that the flexible design of WDM system with OPC is possible by using the optimal parameters, in which OPC is placed at ${\pm}15km$ from 500 km for efficiently compensating overall channels. Thus, the methods proposed in this research will be expected to alternate with the method of making a symmetrical distribution of power and local dispersion in real optical link which generates a serious problem if it was not made but it is the condition in the case of applying the OPC into multi-channels WDM system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 1998

The occurrence and physico-chemical properties of flat leaves found in 1997 curing trial related to the prevention of occurrence of flat leaves at bulk curing of flue-cured tobacco were investigated and compared with those of normal leaves. Cured leaves of NC82 were separated into 4 classes of none, slight, fair and severe symptoms of flat leaf by the percentage of flattened parts to whole leaf area. The flat leaves were mostly found among the leaves of lower stalk position, and it was estimated that growth rate of lower leaves also influenced on the occurrence of flat leaves. In chromatic aberration of cured leaf, flat leaves showed remarkably lower b and L values than in those of normals but there was no difference in a value. On the other hand, in chemical analyses of flat leaf samples, nicotine, total sugar, ether extract and total nitrogen contents were decreased with the degree of flat symptoms. In physical properties, filling capacity of cured leaves was decreased with the degree of flat symptoms comparing with those of normal leaves, while shatter index was showed a reverse tendency, and then within the same leaf, flat parts were decreased in total sugar, ether extract and filling capacity compared with those of normal ones, but remarkably increased in shatter index, and there was no difference in nicotine and total nitrogen contents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.123-126
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• 2005

Eye Glass Display (EGD) with microdisplay to realize the virtual display can make the large screen, so virtual image has been developed by using microdisplay panel. This paper shows study of low cost lens design and simulation for microdisplay system with 0.6"LCoS panel. Lens design optimized consider to spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and chromatic aberration. Code V is used and it designed an aspheric lens about exit pupil 6mm, eye relief 20mm and 35 degree of field of view (FOV). With the application this aspheric lens to liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) type's microdisplay, virtual image showed 50 inch at 2m. One side of the aspheric lens was constituted from diffractive optical element (DOE) for the improvement in a performance. It had less than 2.5% of distortion value and modulation transfer function in axial had 20% of resolution with 32 lp/mm spatial frequency. The optical system is suitable for display of 15.6 mm-diagonal with SVGA.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.281-289
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• 2020

This paper reports a slim mobile lens design using a hybrid refractive/diffractive optical element. Conventionally a wide field of view (FOV) camera-lens design adopts a retrofocus type having a negative (-) lens at the forefront, so that it improves in imaging performance over the wide FOV, but with the sacrifice of longer total track length (TTL). However, we chose a telephoto type as a baseline design layout having a positive (+) lens at the forefront, to achieving slimness, based on the specification analysis of 23 reported optical designs. Following preliminary optimization of a baseline design and aberration analysis based on Zernike-polynomial decomposition, we applied a hybrid refractive/diffractive element to effectively reduce the residual chromatic spherical aberration. The optimized optical design consists of 6 optical elements, including one hybrid element. It results in a very slim telephoto ratio of 1.7, having an f-number of 2.0, FOV of 90°, effective focal length of 2.23 mm, and TTL of 3.7 mm. Compared to a comparable conventional lens design with no hybrid elements, the hybrid design improved the value of the modulation transfer function (MTF) at a spatial frequency of 180 cycles/mm from 63% to 71-73% at zero field (0 F), and about 2-3% at 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 fields. It was also found that a design with a hybrid lens with only two diffraction zones at the stop achieved the same performance improvement.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.192-203
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• 2023

Purpose: This study is to investigate the distribution of natural tooth shades in the Korean elderly population to quantify the correlation and changes of tooth color with age and gender. In addition, the possible effects of habits on tooth color were assessed. Materials and Methods: The tooth color of one of the maxillary central incisors of 200 Korean individuals aged 50 to 89 years, males and female, was measured using the portable intraoral spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). CIELab and CIELCh color coordinates were recorded. We conducted the survey about the tobacco smoking, chronic disease, medication, eating habits, oral health behaviors and satisfaction with tooth color. Experimental data were statistically analyzed by using the t-test (P<0.05), two-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation test. Result: The most frequent color in the Korean elderly population was 3M3 & A3.5 shade. L^* and h^* values decreased, whereas C^*, a^* and b^* values increased progressively with age. There was a significant interaction between age and color coordinates for b^* values (r=0.245, P<0.05). Males generally have significantly higher C^*, a^*, b^* values and lower L^*, h^* value compared to females. Individuals who consumed alcohol had a higher L^* value (P<0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the central incisors were getting darker, more reddish, and yellowish with age. Information on the chromatic range of natural teeth by age and gender could help to select colors for esthetic dental restorations.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.203-207
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• 2018

This paper deals with the design and development of a lens system capable of imaging an infrared image of $3{\sim}5{\mu}m$ wavelength bands with a focal length of 24mm and good atmospheric transmission characteristics. The design used CodeV, a commercial design program, and the optimization is carried out with weighting to eliminate chromatic aberration, spherical aberration and distortion. The designed lens system consists of two lenses consisting of Si and Ge. Each lens has an aspherical surface on one side. And this optical system has the resolution of the characteristics that the MTF value is 0.40 at the line width of 29lp/mm and the MTF value is 0.25 at the line width of 20lp/mm. This optical system is considered to have the capability to be applied to the thermal imaging camera for MWIR using the $206{\times}156$ array infrared detector of $25{\mu}m$ pixels and the $320{\times}240$ array infrared detector of $17{\mu}m$ pixels.