• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2002

The purpose of this morphometric study was to obtain detailed quantitative information on all cell types in the testis interstitium of Korean ring-necked pheasants combined with data on changes in the steroidogenic function of the testis during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Animals collected during the breeding season, testis weights, sperm production, serum testosterone levels, leuteinizing hormone-stimulated testosterone secretion, and the length of the seminiferous tubules were significantly (p < 0.05) increased as compared to the nonbreeding season. Seminiferous tubules occupied 93.25% of testis volume in the breeding season. Leydig cells constituted 0.82% of the testicular volume. The mean volume of an Leydig cell was $1039{\mu}m^3$, and each testis contained about 24.53 million Leydig cells. Testes of the pheasants during the nonbreeding season displayed a 98% reduction in testis volume that was associated with a decrease in the absolute volume of seminiferous tubules (98% reduction), tubular lumen(100%), interstitium(90%), blood vessels(84%), lymphatic spaces(97%), Leydig cells(79%), mesenchymal cells(51%), and myoid cells(61%). The number of Leydig cells, mesenchymal cells, myoid cells per testis in the breeding season was higher (p < 0.05) than in the nonbreeding season. Although the average volume of a Leydig cell was 74% lower in the nonbreeding season, the average volume of a myoid and mesenchymal cell remained unchanged. These results demonstrate that there are a striking differences in the testicular structure of the Korean ring-necked pheasant in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Every structural parameter of the Leydig cell was pasitively correlated with both serum and LH-stimulated secretion concentrations of testosterone. Correlation of changes in hormonal status with morphometric alterations of all Leydig cell suggests that the Korean-ring necked pheasant may be used as a model to study structure-function relations in the avian testis.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2003

짱둥어 정자의 미세구조 및 정자형성과정에 관한 연구를 하였다. 정소는 정자낭으로 구성되어 있으며 얇은 막으로 둘러싸여 있었다. 정자낭은 여러 발생단계의 정자들을 포함하고 있으며, 정자낭의 내강에는 다수의 정자들이 위치하고 있었다. 정소의 외막은 상피층, 콜라겐층, 근양체(myoid tissue)등으로 구성되어 있었다. 근양체는 정소 안쪽까지 연결되어서 정자낭 사이의 간질조직의 주요 구성체였다. 게 다가 핵과 다수의 미코톤드리아를 포함한 간세포(interstitial)도 관찰되었다. Synaptonemal complex가 1차 정모세포에서 확인되었다. 초기 정세포에서 과립상의 염색질로 구성된 구형의 핵이 관찰되었다. 치밀한 과립상의 염색질로 구성된 중기 정세포의 핵이 정세포의 한쪽에 자리잡고 있었고, 미코톤드리아가 다른 한쪽에 자리잡고 있었다. nuclear fossa가 후기 정세포의 미토콘드리아의 근처에서 관찰되었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.107-116
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• 1997

In order to achieve optimal reproductive performance, reliable morphological and physiological basic data on the reproductive organs are desirable. Adult male Korean ring-necked pheasant in inactive(mid of January) and active state (end of April) were used in this study. In addition, five active state pheasants were received a single dose of 60Co-ray 500 rads each to damage the testes. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution pattern of protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 and ${\alpha}$-tubulin in the pheasant testes of the active, inactive and ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated active states. The results obtained were summarized as follows 1. The seminiferous tubules collected in inactive states( mid of Jan) showed narrow lumen, and the spermatogonia and the Sertoli cell were well preserved. The PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity of these tubules showed a positive reaction in paranucleus area of the spermatogonia, and a positive reaction in a small number of the Leydig cells in the interstitium of the seminiferous tubules. 2. The seminiferous tubules were dilated in active state(end of April) as compared with the inactive state. The PGP 9.5 reactivity in these tubules showed a positive reaction in many Leydig cells in the interstitium of the seminiferous tubules, and the testes of ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated group showed partially weak reaction in the interstitium of the seminiferous tubules. 3. The ${\alpha}$-tubulin reactivity in the seminiferous tubules of the inactive testes was strongly positive in the cytoplasmic process of the Sertoli cell from the basal stem region to the apical ex-tension. From the broad part of the stem region to the luminal space, the active testes showed a strong positive reaction. The ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated groups showed diminished reaction in the basal region.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.531-539
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• 2003

Changes in the rat testis interstitium from birth to adulthood were studied using Sprague Dawley rats of 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 40, 60, and 90 days of age to investigate Leydig cell differentiation. In addition, serum testosterone concentrations and luteinizing hormone stimulated (LH; 100 ng/ml) testosterone secretory capacity per testis in vitro were determined via radioimmunoassay. Fetal Leydig cells were present in rat testes from birth to 21 days, and they were only steroidogenic cells in the testis at days 1 and 7. The average volume of a fetal Leydig cell and the absolute volume of fetal Leydig cell per testis were similar at all ages of experimental groups except at day 21 when lower values were observed for both parameters. The number of fetal Leydig cells per testis remained constant from birth through 21 days. Adult Leydig cells were recognized at day 14 and their absolute volume and number per testis increased linearly from 14 to 90 days. The average volume of an adult Leydig cell increased significantly with age and reached maximum size by 60 days of age where the volume was nearly three times bigger than that of at day 14. Total testosterone production per testis in vitro and serum testosterone concentrations were not significantly different at day 1 compared with 7, 14, and 21 days of age. Significant increases were observed at days 40 and 60. Values at days 60 and 90 were not significantly different.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2003

The present study investigated the effects of aging on Leydig cells of Sprague Dawley rats. Rats of 3, 6, 12 and 18 months of age were used. Testes of rat were fixed by whole body perfusion using a fixative containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer, processed and embedded in epon-araldite. Using $1{\mu}m$ sections stained with methylene blue, qualitative and quantitative morphological studies were performed. Testis incubations were used to determine luteinizing hormone (LH; 100 ng/ml) stimulated testosterone secretory capacity per testis in vitro. Testosterone levels in the incubation medium, and testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels in serum of these four groups of rats were determined by radioimmunoassay. Morphological studies revealed that Leydig cells were more abundant in the testis interstitium at 6, 12 and 18 months when compared with 3 months. The volumes of Leydig cells per testis was significantly higher, at 6, 12 and 18 months of age than those at 3 months. The number of Leydig cells per testis was doubled at 6, 12 and 18 months of age compared with 3 months. The average volume of a Leydig cell was not significantly different between 3 and 6 months of age, however, at 12 and 18 months a significantly lower value was observed. LH-stimulated testosterone production per testis in vitro was reduced by 45% at 6 months of age compared with 3 months; a further significant reduction was observed at 12 and 18 months. Serum testosterone and LH levels were not significantly different between 3 and 6 months of age but at 12 and 18 months a significantly lower value was observed in both groups for these hormones. These results showed that signs of aging are apparent in Leydig cells of Sprague Dawley rats at 12 months of age.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2005

Changes in the rabbit Leydig cell from birth to adulthood were studied in New Zealand white rabbits of 1, 7, 21, 35, 49, 70, 105, 147, 196, and 252 days (n = 8 rabbits per group) of age. The objectives of this study were to understand the fate of the fetal Leydig cells, to determine the changes in serum testosterone levels, and leutenizing hormone-stimulated testosterone production per testis in vitro, and to quantify adult Leydig cells by number and average volume with age. Testes of rabbits were fixed by whole body perfusion using a fixative containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer, processed and embedded in Epon-araldite. Using $1{\mu}m$ sections stained with methylene blue-azure II, qualitative and quantitative (stereological) morphological studies were performed. Testosterone levels in the incubation medium of luteinizing hormone-stimulated (100 ng/ml) testosterone secretion per testis in vitro, and in serum were determined by radioimmunoassay. The average volume of a testis of 1-day-old rabbits was determined as $0.0073cm^3$ and the parameter increased linearly from birth to 252 days ($3.93cm^3$). The volume density of the seminiferous tubules increased with age from 33.76% at day 1 to 88.2% at day 252. The volume density of the interstitium represents 66.24% of the testicular parenchyma at day 1. This proportion progressively diminished during development to reach a value of 11.8% at day 252. The volume density of Leydig cells increased almost linearly from birth (0.001%) to 252 days (2.62%). Leydig cell mass per testis increases from 0.0012 mg to 0.25 mg between days 1 and 35, from 2.66 mg to 44.3 mg between days 49 and 105 and from 65.42 mg and 102.9 mg between days 147 and 252. The absolute numbers of adult Leydig cells per testis increased linearly from birth to 252 days. The average volume of adult Leydig cell on days 1, 7, 21 and 35 was not significantly different; a gradual and continued increase was observed thereafter, reaching a 3-fold increase at 196 and 252 days. Serum testosterone concentrations were not significantly different at day 1 compared days 7, 21, 35. Significant increases were observed at days 49 and 70. Values at days 70 and 105 and days 147, 196, and 252 were not significantly different. LH-stimulated testosterone production per testis in vitro was significantly different at day 1 compared days 7, 21, 35. Significant increases were observed at days 49 and 70. Hormonal values at days 105, 147, 196, and 252 were not significantly different. These data suggested Leydig cell developmental phase can be classified: a neonatal phase (1-7 days), a prepubertal phase (14-49 days) and an adult phase (70-252 days). Immature and mature adult Leydig cells, initially detected at days 7 and 49, respectively, and mature adult Leydig cells were abundant Leydig cell type according to the number and absolute volume per testis form day 49 onwards.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2005

한국재래 닭에서 고환 지지세포와 간질세포의 발달유형을 명확하게 이해하기 위하여 부화 후 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 28, 32, 44, 52 및 64주령(n:13마리/일령)의 한국재래 닭을 이용하여 이 연구를 수행하였다. 한국재래 닭의 고환은 $2.5\%$ glutaraldehyde를 이용하여 전신 관류 고정하고 조직 처리과정을 거쳐 Epon-araldite에 포매하였다. 초박절편기를 사용하여 $1{\mu}m$로 절편한 다음 methylene blue로 염색하여 형태 계측을 하였다. 부화후 1주령의 한국재래 닭 고환의 평균용적은 $0.148\;cm^3$이었고 점진적으로 증가하여 21주령에는 $3.93\;cm^3$이고 21주령부터 64주령까지는 변화가 없었다. 곱슬정세관의 용적 치밀도는 1주령에 $32.6\%$이었으나 점차적으로 증가하여 64주령에서는 92.89이었다. 1주령의 한국재래 닭에서 고환 간질조직은 고환실질의 $67.4\%$를 나타내었고 이러한 비율은 성장하는 동안에 점차적으로 감소하여 64주령에 $7.11\%$를 나타내었다. 간질세포의 용적 치밀도는 1주령부터 14주령까지 단계적으로 감소하였고 이후에는 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 이와는 다르게 지지세포의 용적 치밀도는 1주령에 $3.4\%$를 차지하고 있었고 점진적으로 증가하여 18주령에 $10.79\%$이었으며 이후에는 변화가 없었다. 고환조직내 지지세포와 간질세포의 절대용적은 일령에 1주령부터 24주령까지는 유의성 있게 증가하였으나 24주령부터 64주령까지는 차이가 없었다. 고환조직당 간질세포의 총 숫자는 1주령부터 21주령까지는 유의성 있게 증가하였으나 그 이후에는 변화가 없었고 지지세포의 숫자는 1주령부터 14주령까지 점진적으로 증가하였고 그 이후의 주령에서는 변화가 없었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2016

Changes in the Leydig cell from pre-puberty to adulthood were studied in Korean native cattle. Eight groups of male cattle aged 14, 17, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 104 weeks (n=7 cattle per group) after birth were used. The purpose of this study was to obtain quantitative information on the Leydig cell of the Korean native cattle during postnatal development. Testes of cattle were fixed by perfusion using a fixative containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer, processed and embedded in Epon-araldite. Using $1{\mu}m$ section stained with methylene blue-azure II, qualitative and quantitative (stereological) morphological studies were performed. The average diameter of seminiferous tubules gradually increased with age from 14 ($75.56{\mu}m$) to 104 weeks ($298.9{\mu}m$). The volume density of the seminiferous tubules increased with age from 54.2% at week 14 to 76.9% at week 104. The volume density of the interstitium represents 45.52% at week 14. This proportion progressively diminishes during development to reach a value of 23.14% at week 104. The volume density of Leydig cells decreased almost linearly from 14 (20.71%) to 104 weeks (5.28%). The absolute volume of Leydig cells per testis increased significantly from 14 to 104 weeks. The number of Leydig per testis have almost linearly increased from 14 to 104 weeks. The average volume of a Leydig cell reached maximum size by 104 weeks ($2553{\mu}m^3$). These data suggested development of Leydig cell can be classified as the fetal and immature adult Leydig cells (14~35 weeks), and the adult Leydig cells (40~104 weeks).

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2006

이 연구는 한국 재래 닭에서 부화 후 고환 발달 과정을 명확하게 이해가기 위하여 부화 후 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 28, 32, 44, 52 및 64주령(n=13마리/일령)의 한국 재래닭을 이용하여 수행하였다. 한국 재래 닭의 고환은 2.5 % glutaraldehyde를 이용하여 전신 관류 고정하고 조직 처리 과정을 거쳐 Epon-araldite에 포매하였다. 초박절편기를 사용하여 $1{\mu}m$로 절편한 다음 methylene blue로 염색하여 일반적인 조직의 변화상과 형태 계측을 일반적인 방법에 따라서 정자 생성을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 부화 후 1주령의 고환의 평균 무게는 0.015 g이었고 점진적으로 증가하여 21주령에는 3.93 g이고 21주령부터 64주령까지는 변화가 없었다. 곱슬정세관의 용적 치밀도는 1주령에 32.6%이었으나 점차적으로 증가하여 64주령에서는 92.89이었다. 1주령의 한국 재래 닭 고환 간질 조직은 고환 실질의 67.4%를 나타내었고 이러한 비율은 성장하는 동안에 점차적으로 감소하여 64주령에 7.11%를 나타내었다. 고환내 총 정자 생성은 18주령부터 28주령까지는 유의성있게 증가하였고 고환 1g당 정자 생성은 $18\sim28$주령까지는 유의성있게 증가하였고 $28\sim52$주령까지는 변화가 없었으나 64주령에 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 곱슬정세관의 평균 직경은 $1\sim21$주령까지 주령에 따라 점진적으로 증가하였고 곱슬정세관의 길이는 1주령에 0.34 m이었고 성장하면서 유의성 있게 증가하여 64주령에서는 72.2 m이었다. 곱슬정세관내 생식세포의 발달 단계는 다음과 같이 분류할 수 있다. 1) 정조세포($1\sim8$주령), 2) 정조세포, 정모세포($10\sim12$주령), 3) 정조세포, 정모세포, 원형의 정자세포($14\sim16$주령), 4) 정조세포, 정모세포, 정자세포 및 정자($18\sim64$주령). 이러한 결과를 종합하여 보면 한국 재래 닭에서 부화 후부터 성숙시기까지 고환 발달의 양상은 신생시기-성 성숙 이전기($1\sim12$주령), 성 성숙시기($14\sim18$주령) 및 성숙시기$(21\sim64)$로 나뉜다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.511-522
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• 1999

본 연구는 여러 가지 원인으로 인공 유산된 사람 태아 17예를 태령 14주에서 27주로 분류한 뒤, 고환간질내에서 간질세포의 미세구조를 광학현미경과 전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 사람 태아 고환의 간질세포를 형태적으로 방추형간질세포, 밝은 간질세포, 어두운 간질세포 그리고 변성 간질세포로 분류할 수 있었다. 2. 미성숙한 방추형간질세포는 14주에 많이 관찰되었으며 점차 분화되어 밝은 간질세포와 어두운 간질세포로 변하였다. 3. 밝은 간질세포와 어두운 간질세포는 17주와 24주에 가장 많이 분포하였으며 변성 간질세포는 27주에 많이 관찰되었다. 4. 무과립세포질세망은 밝은 간질세포내에서 현저히 관찰되었으며 점차 내강이 팽대되어 세포질 전반을 차지하고 있었다. 5. 사립체는 밝은 간질세포에 많이 분포하였고 사립체능은 농축되어 진하게 나타났으며, 어두운 간질세포에서 전자밀도가 높은 사립체 함유물을 포함하고 있었다. 6. 지방소적은 태령 14주부터 관찰되어 16주에 가장많은 분포를 보였고 20주 이후 감소하는 양상이 관찰되었다. 7. 간질세포내에 풍부한 양의 당원과립이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 보면 사람 태생기 중 고환의 간질세포는 다른 동물에서와 같이 유사한 분화과정을 거친다고 할 수 있다.