• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-26
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of non-verbal communication of coffee shop employees on brand image and customer satisfaction. Based on a total of 317 samples obtained for empirical research, this study reviewed the reliability and fitness of the research model and verified a total of 3 hypotheses using the AMOS program. The hypothesized relationships in the model were simultaneously tested through the use of a structural equation model(SEM). The proposed model provided an adequate data fit, ${\chi}^2=434.380$ (p<0.001), df=178, CMIN/DF=2.440, GFI=0.886, AGFI=0.852, NFI=0.900, CFI=0.938, RMSEA=0.068. The model's fit, as indicated by these indexes, was deemed satisfactory, thus providing a good basis for testing the hypothesized paths. The SEM showed that kinesics(${\beta}=.311$), paralanguage(${\beta}=.242$), physical appearance(${\beta}=.382$) and proxemics(${\beta}=.481$) had a significant positive influence on brand image. In addition, brand image(${\beta}=.217$) had a significant positive influence on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the effect of coffee shop employee non-verbal communication on customer satisfaction was found to be partially mediated by the brand image.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.223-236
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• 2012

This study's objective is to identify the factors that effect high school students' volunteer activities and suggest the political implications for the actual fulfillment of volunteer activities. We verified the relationships and effects on all factors based on the theory of planned behavior which is applied in explaining various human behavior. 220 high school student subjects for this study were randomly selected and filled out self-administered questionnaires. A total of 216 responses were used for analysis. Data analysis was done by obtaining reliability and validity after frequency analysis using SPSS 12.0 for Windows and AMOS 4.0 as well as evaluating the suitability of the study model. Regression analysis was carried out for hypothesis testing. The study results showed that firstly, all hypotheses based on the theory of planned behavior were supported re-confirming the usefulness of the theory in the field of various behavioral research for social welfare. Secondly, among all factors, perceived behavioral control showed to be the most influential in fulfilling active volunteer activities of high school students. Based on the results of our study, we proposed that research in the social welfare academia, practical endeavors in the educational field, and also political support system is necessary.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2014

Entrepreneurship provides working opportunities to not only an entrepreneur himself but also many other people on the way its process. Boosting entrepreneurship, therefore, seems the most effective way for activating one's economy as well as creating jobs. This study examines factors that influence on entrepreneurial intention of Korean and Korean-Chinese's who will eventually be the potential entrepreneurs. This model tests various theoretical research hypotheses relating to individual psychological characteristics, and entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial intention. Valid 247 questionnaires have been collected within about one month of 2013. Statistical processing of the data collected from this survey to take advantage of the statistical package SPSS 18.0 program through a process of data coding in the following ways: by frequency analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis. The result of hypothesis testing are as follows. The result of analysis shows that risk-taking propensity and desire for self-achievement is not a significant factor to entrepreneurial intention in both countries. But entrepreneurial self-efficiency and entrepreneurial motivation positively influence entrepreneurial intention both of the Korean and Korean-Chinese. At the last, the study examines moderate effect, that is, whether social support influences on entrepreneurial intention as a moderate variable. it is confirmed that the social support does play a positive role to entrepreneurial intention. Beside, discussion is made on the implications of the study for academicians and practitioners, the limitations of the study, and some directions for future studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7021-7027
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• 2014

Background: The problem of cancer, especially lung cancer, is very acute in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to evaluate the risk of lung cancer among Bangladeshi people based on hereditary, socio-economic and demographic factors. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 208 people (patients-104, controls-104) from January 2012 to September 2013 using a structured questionnaire containing details of lung cancer risk factors including smoking, secondhand smoke, tobacco leaf intake, age, gender, family history, chronic lung diseases, radiotherapy in the chest area, diet, obesity, physical activity, alcohol consumption, occupation, education, and income. Descriptive statistics and testing of hypotheses were used for the analysis using SPSS software (version 20). Results: According to this study, lung cancer was more prevalent in males than females. Smoking was the highest risk factor (OR=9.707; RR=3.924; sensitivity=0.8872 and P<0.0001) followed by previous lung disease (asthma, tuberculosis etc.) (OR=7.095; RR=1.508; sensitivity=0.316 and P<0.0001)) for male patients. Highly cooked food (OR=2.485; RR=1.126; sensitivity=0.418 and P=0.004)) and also genetic inheritance (OR=1.93; RR=1.335; sensitivity=0.163 and P=0.138) demonstrated significant correlation with lung cancer as risk factors after these two and alcohol consumption was not prevalent. On the other hand, for female patients, tobacco leaf intake represented the highest risk (OR=2.00; RR=1.429; sensitivity= 0.667 and P=0.5603) while genetic inheritance and highly cooked food also correlate with lung cancer but not so significantly. Socioeconomic status and education level also play important roles in causing lung cancer. Some 78.5% male and 83.3% of female cancer patients were rural residents, while 58.2% lived at the margin or below the poverty line. Most male (39.8%) and female (50.0%) patients had completed only primary level education, and 27.6% male and 33.3% female patients were illiterate. Smoking was found to be more prevalent among the less educated persons. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study indicate the importance of creating awareness about lung cancer risk factors among Bangladeshi people and making appropriate access to health services for the illiterate, poor, rural people.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.147-164
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothetical model designed to explain the post-traumatic stress and burnout in firefighters. Six exogenous variables such as career, control, impact mobilization frequency, life event, work burden, social support, and four endogenous variables, eg., mobilization impact, coping, post-traumatic stress, burnout were considered for the study. The target population for the distribution of the questionnaire was 428 firefighters in Daejeon, Chungnam Province, Seoul and Kyonggi Province. The data was collected about five weeks, July 12-August 25, 1999. The survey instrument was 8 control items by Seo(1995), 10 life event items by Brugha and Cragg(1990), 20 work burden items by Choi(2000), 12 social support items by Park(1985), post-traumatic stress of 17 items by Foa et al.(1998) and 45 items by Kang(1997). The reliability of the survey instrument and the cronbach's alpha was .62 - .93 level. SAS PC Program and LISREL 8.12a program were used for descriptive statistics and linear structural relationship(LISREL) modeling. Based on the data collected, the following results were obtained. 1. The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good (${\chi}^2=54.65$ [df=17, p=0.000007], RMSEA=0.07, standardized RMR=0.03, GFI=0.98, AGFI=0.91, NFI=0.90, NNFI=0.75). 2. After considering statistical significance and theoretical meaningfulness of paths of the model, a modified model was sought. Compared to the hypothetical model, the modified model has become parsimonious and had a better fit to the data(${\chi}^2=55.90$ [df=20, p=0.0003], RMSEA=0.06, standardized RMR=0.03, GFI=0.98, AGFI=0.93, NFI=0.90, NNFI=0.80). 3. The results of statistical testing of hypotheses were as follows: (1) Work burden, career had a significantly direct effect on mobilization impact. These variables explained 9% of the total variance of mobilization impact. (2) Control, social support, work burden, mobilization impact had a significantly direct effect on coping. These variables explained 15% of the total variance of coping. (3) Control, work burden, social support, coping had a significantly direct effect on post-traumatic stress. These variables explained 49% of the total variance of post-traumatic stress. (4) Coping, post-traumatic stress had a significantly direct effect on burnout. These variables explained 60% of the total variance of burnout.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.134-153
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• 2008

The main purpose of the research is to illustrate the value of the spatial statistical approach to residential differentiation by providing a framework for exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) using a local spatial separation measure. ESDA aims, by utilizing a variety of statistical and cartographic visualization techniques, at seeking to detect patterns, to formulate hypotheses, and to assess statistical models for spatial data. The research is driven by a realization that ESDA based on local statistics has a great potential for substantive research. The main results are as follows. First, a local spatial separation measure is correspondingly derived from its global counterpart. Second, a set of significance testing methods based on both total and conditional randomization assumptions is provided for the local measure. Third, two mapping techniques, a 'spatial separation scatterplot map' and a 'spatial separation anomaly map', are devised for ESDA utilizing the local measure and the related significance tests. Fourth, a case study of residential differentiation between the highly educated and the least educated in major Korean metropolitan cities shows that the proposed ESDA techniques are beneficial in identifying bivariate spatial clusters and spatial outliers.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.147-160
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze the effect of emotional response from dining out experience on satisfaction after dining out based on the customers who have visited a luxurious Korean restaurant. For this study, it designed a research model through literary research and derived hypotheses. For the empirical analysis, 250 copies of the questionnaire using the self-administered method were distributed and 230(94%) copies were collected. Among them, 220(88%) copies were used for the analysis. SPSS WIN Version 12.0 statistical package program was used for the analysis of data processing, the frequency analysis, reliability analysis and factor analysis were operated, and the hypothesis testing was verified by the regression analysis. The results of the analyses are as follows. For the hypothesis that "the dining-out consumption pattern will have a significant effect on the emotional response," it was verified that the style which pursues health and the style which is loyal to relationships had significant effects on pleasure while the style which pursues rest didn't. Also, the style which pursues health and the style which is loyal to relationships had significant effects on arousal while the style which pursues rest didn't. For the hypothesis that "emotional response will have a significant effect on satisfaction," it was verified that pleasure and simulation had significant effects on satisfaction. As a result of the study, the current dining-out consumption pattern is changed from the purpose of having meals for the biological needs in the past to considering emotional response such as preferred taste or mood.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.4
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• pp.663-676
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in motivation of the tourists, who visited the Daegu Ole Palgong mountain courses, according to the slow tourism tourists' demographic characteristics and use-behavior, and to examine the relationships between motivation and the degree of satisfaction of tourists and behavioral intention. Also, it was to present motivations and characteristics of slow tourism tourists and the accompanying managerial implications. In order to achieve this research purpose, a survey was conducted from May 8, 2010 to May 23, 2010 on the tourists who visited Daegu Ole Palgong mountain courses. The results of testing the hypotheses through empirical analysis were as follows. First, differences in motivations according to demographic characteristics and demographic characteristics and the use behavior of the tourists were partially adopted. Second, there were significantly positive (+) relationships between the motivations of visitors to the Daegu Ole Palgong mountain courses and the overall degree of satisfaction. Finally, the overall degree of satisfaction with the visits to Daegu Ole Palgong mountain courses had significantly positive (+) relationships with revisit intentions. These imply that it is necessary to provide differentiated strategies and programs and inducing strategies in accordance with the results presented. as well, marketing strategies to enhance the degree of satisfaction of the tourists should be considered.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

Purpose - Exports have long been regarded as significant drivers of sustainable competitive advantage and growth among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The export activities of SMEs are particularly important in the context of export-oriented economies such as Korea. Although many studies have examined the determinants of exports, it is difficult to find empirical studies about the determinants of the export performance of regional SMEs. This study investigates the determinants of export performance in the regional SME context based on an integrated approach that combines the environment factor of industrial organization theory, competitive strategy theory, and the competences of the resource-based view. Research design, data, and methodology - To empirically analyze the determinants of export performance in the regional SMEs, data were collected from firms in the Daegu metropolitan area. Data were collected directly through questionnaire surveys; in addition, secondary financial data were also taken from the KIS-VALUE database. Out of the 175 responses that were received, 143 were considered to be worth examining. After testing the reliability and validity of the variables through multiple items such as environmental turbulence and competitive strategy, hypotheses were verified by using five multi-regression models. These models were: a control model with organizational size and age, an environmental model with technology and market turbulence, a competency model with R&D and foreign distribution channels, a strategy model with product and market differentiation, and an integrated model including all of these variables. Results - First, as a control variable, the organization size has significant positive effects on export performance. Second, technology turbulence based on industrial organization theory has significant positive effects on export performance, but market turbulence does not affect export performance. Third, the foreign market distribution competency of the resource-based view has strong positive effects on export performance, but the R&D competency does not affect export performance. Fourth, the product differentiation strategy from competitive strategy theory positively impacts export performance, but market differentiation does not affect export performance. Finally, in the integrated model, only the foreign distribution competency of the resource-based view has a significant effect on export performance. Conclusions - The empirical results of this study verified the usefulness of the rationales behind the three theories to explain the export performance of the regional SMEs, especially the importance of the foreign market distribution competency from the resource-based view. With regard to practical considerations, this study's implications suggest that the use of technological environmental changes by industries is better than the use of market changes. Further, the use of the product differentiation strategy is more effective than the use of the market-driving strategy, and the distribution channel competency plays a stronger role than the technology-oriented competency with regard to the export performance position of regional SMEs. Future studies should examine relational perspectives, such as trust among channel partners. Therefore, the configuration approach is more useful in enhancing pragmatism by comparing high- and low-export companies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.335-343
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• 2016

Many users actively create and share digital contents in a variety of social media platforms. Social media users have become accustomed to posting or uploading their daily routines, and generating their contents by imitating others' contents or by creating their own unique contents on the basis of their creativity. Thus, this paper explores the relationship between individual creativity, imitation and creative behavior in using social media. In addition, the study demonstrates the moderating effect of individual characteristics such as age and educational level on the relationship between creativity and imitation. We conducted a three-month survey of 564 individuals using social media services and the results were used for hypotheses testing. The study results are summarized as follows. Firstly, creativity has a significant and positive impact on imitation, but not a direct impact on creative behavior. Secondly, the moderating effect of individual characteristics between creativity and imitation is not statistically significant. Based on these findings, this study presents practical and academic implications of the research.