• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1997

Spermatogenesis is known to be regulated by a number of genes and several factors such as hormones, growth factors, cytokines and others. This study was done to evaluate the relationship between HSPs and DAZ genes in human spermatogenesis; we observed the expression pattern of HSP gene in azoospermia men with DAZ gene that regulated the gene expression related with human spermatogenesis. RT-PCR method was used to detect DAZ, HSP70A, and HSP70B transcripts in all RNA samples. Total RNA was extracted from 21 testis tissues using TRIZOL reagent. cDNAs were synthesized with reverse transcriptase, AMV. All PCR reaction were performed on a PCR themocycler with DAZ, HSP70A, and HSP70B-specific primers. Semen analysis, karyotyping and testis histology were performed. DAZ gene, known as a candidate gene of azoospermia factor(AZF), was deleted in 2 of 21 patients. To evaluate the only effects of HSPs in this patients, 2 DAZ deleted cases were removed. We observed the mRNA of HSP70B in 5 whereas none could be seen with regard to HSP70A. Furthermore, the sperm of these 5 men were discovered to be immature. In conclusion, HSP70B as well ad DAZ gene seem to be involved causing spermatogenic failure. We suggest that HSP70B plays an important role in spermatogenesis and it is one of factors induced sperm maturation in human.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-81
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• 1997

To determine the concentration and the physiologic role of metal components in blood plasma and seminal plasma in relation to male infertility, the concentrations of twelve metal components in blood plasma and seminal plasma including Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Cd and Pb were measured by atomic absorbance spectrophotometery or ion selective electrode analysis. Semen and blood samples were obtained from a total of 110 men including 70 male infertility patients, 20 vasectomized persons and 20 fertility proven volunteers visited to the Male Infertility Clinic of Pusan National University Hospital. The concentrations of Ca, Zn, Mg, Cr and Cd in control group were higher in seminal plasma than in blood plasma, and additionally Pb were higher in infertility group. The concentrations of all metal components revealed no significant difference according to patients' age, resident, occupation, sperm density, motility and hormone level in blood plasma, but some metal components including Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Cd and Pb revealed a significant difference according to each these parameters except patient's age in seminal plasma. The concentrations of Mn, Cd and Pb in the vasectomy persons were higher than in the infertility group III including testicular and epididymal factors, but not in blood plasma. We conclude that the quantitative changes of metal components in the seminal plasma may have effects on not only spermatogenesis and sperm function, but also contribute to diagnostic parameter according to organ specificity of the metal in the male reproduction.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.495-500
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• 1998

D-type G1 cyclins are known to be crucial for the progression of mitotic cell cycle in mammals. Although many studies have been performed to elucidate the roles of D-type cyclins, it is largely unknown whether D-type cyclins are directly involved in the regulation of meiotic germ cell development. In the present study, we examined the expression patterns of D-type cyclins (cyclin D1 and D3) during male germ cell development by northern blot and in situ Hybridization analyses. In the adult testes, we detected a 4.2 kb cyclin D1 mRNA and two different sizes (2.3 kb and 1.8 kb) of cyclinD3 mRNAs. The short form of the cyclin D3 transcript was testis-specific. Along with the testicular development, expression of cyclin D3 mRNA was increased whereas cyclin D1 mRNA was gradually decreased. in situ hybridization study also revealed that the expression of cyclin D3 was restricted to the postmeiotic germ cells. Furthermore, the 2.3 kb transcript was highly expressed in the round spermatids and decreased in the elongated spermatids/residual bodies, while the 1.8 kb transcript was expressed in elongated spermatids/residual bodies more abundantly. Sucrose-gradient separation of polysomal RNA fractions demonstrated that some portions of the 2.3 kb transcript are translationally active, while the 1.8 kb transcript is likely to be inactive. Taken together, the present data suggest a functional importance of cyclin D3 expression in the differentiated postmeiotic male germ cells.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

Objective : Women's obesity brings prblems not only appearance but also health which men do not have. This study was conducted to investigate the different factors of obesity between men and women. Materials and Methods : We searched papers usin key words (women, gender, and obesity) on pubmed and obesity journal. Result : Women's obesity leads to amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, poly cystic ovarian syndrome, abortion, and luteal phase inadequacy. Obesity induces metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, hypertension, cancer, and psychophysiologic diseases. The difference in body morphology and in particular fat distribution between the sexes leads to gender-specific differences in prevalence of chronic diseases, and unique problems for each sex including infertility, problems during pregnancy, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and endometrial carcinoma in women, and prostate and testicular cancer in men. The influence of gender on obesity is had by genetic view, hormones, pregnancy, delivery, and menopause. Conclusion : Obese women have higher risk factors than men by the influence of gender.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.63-65
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• 2002

Identification of spermatogonial stem cell-specific surface molecules is important in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance and differentiation of these cells. We have found that spermatogonia from busulfan treated mice expressed an autoantigen that distinguishes between undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonia. Four to six weeks after busulfan treatment, germ cells located in the basal compartment of seminiferous epithelium show isotype-specific IgG deposits that form due to autoimmunity. Before busulfan treatment, the level of testicular IgG was very low but IgG levels began to increase after week 4 and peaked at week 6. When cells from the busulfan treated testis were analyzed using laser scanning cytomeoy (LSC), the frequency of cells positive for IgG deposits, 6-integrin, and 1-integrin were 16.5${\pm}$3.8%, 11.8${\pm}$2.6%, and 9.0${\pm}$ 1.4%, respectively. Immunofluorescent staining suggested that most, if not all of the cells with IgG-deposits isolated from a laminin-coated dish, were also positive for a spermatogonial stem cell marker \ulcorner6-integrins as well as for a germ cell-specific marker TRA 98. We determined serum and intratesticular IgG levels and the soundness of seminiferous tubule basement membrane from busulfan treated mice using electron microscopy, in order to study the mechanism responsible for IgG deposits in spermatogonia. We found that the basement membranes of seminiferous tubules from busulfan treated mice were severely impaired when compared to those of normal adult, neonates and w/wv mice. Furthermore, new blood cells were observed in the surface of the damaged basement membrane along the seminiferous tubules. These results suggest that the IgG in spermatogonial stem cells accumulates from circulating blood through the impaired basement membranes induced by busulfan treatment. Taken together, our study suggests that IgG can be used as a new marker for undifferentiated spermatogonia cells.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2001

한국 서해안에 한정적으로 분포하는 특산종이나 산업적으로 활용되지 못하고 있는 큰이랑피조개를 새로운 산업화 양식품종으로 개발하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위한 1999년 7월부터 2000년 6월까지 충남 태안군 근흥면 연안에서 형망으로 채집한 큰이랑피조개(Scapharcs satowi)의 생식소 발달과정과 생식주기를 조사하였다. 큰이랑피초개는 자웅이체로서, 난소와 정소는 각각 수 많은 난자형성소낭과 정자형성소낭으로 구성되어 있었다. 소낭에는 간충직과 호산성 과립세포들이 들어 있는데, 이들은 초기 생식세포의 형성과 발달에 영양을 공급하는 영양세포로 여겨진다. 비만도는 2000년 5월에 0.012이던 것이 수온 상승과 더불어 증가하여 6월에는 최고값인 0.017로 증가하였다. 이 후 급격한 감소와 더불어 유의한 변화는 보이지 않았다. 육중강량비도 비만포와 비슷한 경향으로 2000년 6월에 44%로 가장 높았다가, 이후 지속적인 감소를 나타내었다. 군 성숙도가 50%를 넘는 개체는 암, 수 모두 각장 70~79.9mm인 개체들로 조사되었고, 100mm 이상의 대형개체에서도 10%미만의 성적으로 미성숙한 개체가 관찰되었다. 생식주기는 수온 변화 경향에 따라 약간의 차이는 있을 수 있.으나, 조기 활성기 12~3월, 후기 활성기 4~5월, 완숙기 6~7월, 부른 산란기 7~9월, 퇴차 및 비활실기 9~11월인 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1557-1565
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• 2010

Methyl paraben (MP), which is used as a preservative in pharmaceutical and cosmetic (shampoo) products, foods and beverages, enters into the aquatic environment and can pose a potential fish health hazard. In this experiment, effects of MP were evaluated in adult male common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by exposing them to fractions (1/$143^{rd}$ to 1/29th) of the $LC_{50}$ dose with every change of water for 28 days. Vitellogenin induction, metabolic enzymes, somatic indices and bioaccumulation were studied at weekly intervals. The $96^{th}$ h $LC_{50}$ of MP in fingerlings was 120 mg/L. Compared to the control, except for increases (p<0.01) in alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) and liver size, there were decreases (p<0.01) in activity of acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), and testiculosomatic index following exposure to any dose of MP. Vitellogenin induction was significantly higher (p<0.01) in exposed than unexposed (control) fish. The bioaccumulation of MP in testis, liver, brain, gills and muscle tissues of fish increased significantly (p<0.01) with increase of dose from 0.84 ppm to 1.68 ppm. Dose and duration of exposure (p<0.01) indicated that an exposure period of 1 to 2 weeks was sufficient to cause changes in the quantifiable parameters studied. Fish exposed to 4.2 ppm MP became lethargic after the $26^{th}$ d. Histologically, degeneration, vacuolization and focal necrotic changes in liver and fibrosis-like changes in testicular tissue were noted.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.831-835
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• 2014

Background: Predictor factors determining complete response to treatment are still not clearly defined. We aimed to evaluate clinicopathological features, risk factors, treatment responses, and survival analysis of patient with advanced nonseminomatous GCTs (NSGCTs). Materials and Methods: Between November 1999 and September 2011, 140 patients with stage II and III NSGCTs were referred to our institutions and 125 patients with complete clinical data were included in this retrospective study. Four cycles of BEP regimen were applied as a first-line treatment. Salvage chemotherapy and/or high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous stem cell transplantation were given in patients who progressed after BEP chemotherapy. Post-chemotherapy surgery was performed in selected patients with incomplete radiographic response and normal tumor markers. Results: The median age was 28 years. For the good, intermediate and poor risk groups, compete response rates (CRR) were, 84.6%, 67.9% and 59.4%, respectively. Extragonadal tumors, stage 3 disease, intermediate and poor risk factors, rete testis invasion were associated with worse outcomes. There were 32 patients (25.6%) with non-CR who were treated with salvage treatment. Thirty-one patients died from GCTs and 94% of them had stage III disease. Conclusions: Even though response rates are high, some patients with GCTs still need salvage treatment and cure cannot be achieved. Non-complete response to platinium-based first-line treatment is a negative prognostic factor. Our study confirmed the need for a prognostic and predictive model and more effective salvage approaches.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2000

포항 형산강 하구에 서식하는 참재첩, Corbicula leana을 대상으로 생식세포 형성과정 및 생식주기를 조직학적으로 조사하였다. 참재첩은 자웅이체로서 난생이며, 생식소는 완숙하면 암컷은 흑갈색, 수컷은 유백색을 띤다. 생식소관은 내장낭의 간중장선 하방으로 부터 근충의 외벽근층내에 있는 섬유성 망상결체조직까지 분포되어 있다. 난소는 수지상으로 연결된 난소소관으로 구성되어 있고, 정소 역시 많은 소관상의 정소소관으로 구성되어 있는데 이들 소관의 내강상피가 생식상피 기능을 하고 있다. 성숙난모세포는 배포의 변화로 알 수 있으며, 그 크기는 $70{\~}80{mu}m$ 정도이다. 난소 및 정소의 초기 발달에는 간충조직과 색소과립세포들이 영양세포로 관여하고 있으며 난소와 정소가 발달하면서 점차적으로 사라진다. 생식소 발달은 수온과 밀접한 연관성이 있고, 비만도의 변화도 주기성이 일치하였다. 생식주기는 분열증식기, 성장기, 성숙기, 방출기, 퇴화기 그리고 회복기 둥의 연속적인 주기로 구분할 수가 있다. 산란기는 6월 하순부터 9월 중순까지이고, 산란성기는 7월과 8월이었으며 생물학적 최소형은 10.0 mm 이상으로 조사되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2000

난소의 내부는 결체성 조직인 다수의 난소박판으로 구성되며, 이곳에서 난원세포가 유래한다 정소조직상은 정세관 형태이며, 각각의 정세관은 여러 개의 소낭구조를 가진다. 각 소낭내의 생식 세포들은 같은 단계의 발달상태를 보인다. 군 성숙도에 도달하는 크기는 암${cdot}$수 모두 전장 4.5 cm이다. 암컷의 GSI는 6월에 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 수컷의 GSI는 7월에 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 생식주기는 성장기 ($1{\~}3$월), 성숙기 ($4{\~}5$월), 완숙 및 산란기 ($6{\~}7$월) 그리고 회복 및 휴지기 ($8{\~}12$월)로 나눌 수 있었다. 난모세포 발달양식은 난군동기발달형에 속하며, 초기 성장기 난모세포의 세포질에서 난황핵이 관찰되었다.